scholarly journals Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a novel mecA homologue in human and bovine populations in the UK and Denmark: a descriptive study

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura García-Álvarez ◽  
Matthew TG Holden ◽  
Heather Lindsay ◽  
Cerian R Webb ◽  
Derek FJ Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Uk

A descriptive study of stress fractures in competitive event horses in the UK

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Emma Hayton ◽  
Jennifer C Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Fracture Prevalence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Age Category

AbstractThe impact of stress fractures on competitive event horses in the UK is completely unknown. Ninety-one replies to 450 questionnaires sent to competitive event riders across the UK indicated that 11 horses, representing 12% of the responders, had a confirmed stress fracture. As data on the total number of horses owned or ridden by the riders were not available, the true prevalence of stress fractures in this sample of horses could not be directly assessed. Within the bounds of this study, competitive level of the rider had a significant effect on stress fracture prevalence (X2(0.05, df. 2) = 24.74, P<0.05), as did years of eventing experience (X2(0.05, df. 1) = 27.80, P<0.01). Training regime was also influential (X2(0.05,df. 1) = 26.30, PX20.01). There was a predominance of fractures in geldings (X2(0.05, df. 1) = 24.45, P<0.03); however, geldings constituted 82% of reported cases. Thoroughbred cross horses had a significantly lower incidence of stress fractures than Thoroughbreds (X2(0.05, df. 1) = 20.82, P<0.01) but constituted only 18% of the sample. Horses in the oldest age category (9–12 years) had 6% of all stress fractures (X2(0.05, df. 2) = 24.54, P<0.1). All fractures occurred on the foreleg at the knee or below, with no significant effect of anatomical location. Seventy-three per cent of horses were not competing when diagnosed (X2(0.05, df. 1) = 22.27, P<0.1). These data indicate that useful preliminary data were yielded by the questionnaire and that further research with a larger sample size is justified.

Infective skin conditions in an adult sea-going population

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
J Tanzer ◽  
A Macdonald ◽  
S Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

AbstractInfective skin conditions represent a significant element of the caseload for sea-going and shore-side clinicians. They are common within the wider military setting due to the frequent requirement to live in close proximity to others in conditions which favour the spread of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) (1, 2). Within the UK civilian population, 24% of individuals see their family doctor for skin conditions each year, accounting for 13 million primary care consultations annually. Of these, almost 900,000 were referred to dermatologists in England in 2009-2010 and resulted in 2.74 million secondary care consultations (3).Several recent articles have highlighted the problem of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-SA) infection and carriage in sailors on submarines, and soldiers deployed to Afghanistan (4, 5). However, the majority of published articles relate to land-based military personnel. This article aims to provide an overview of the most common infective skin conditions presenting among Naval personnel (based on the authors’ experience), illustrated by several case studies, together with an approach to their diagnosis and management.

The effect of N-acetylcysteine in a combined antibiofilm treatment against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1787-1798
Author(s):  
Arthika Manoharan ◽  
Theerthankar Das ◽  
Gregory S Whiteley ◽  
Trevor Glasbey ◽  
Frederik H Kriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dna Cleavage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Resazurin Assay ◽  
Biofilm Architecture ◽  
Biofilm Disruption ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background The WHO declared Staphylococcus aureus as a ‘pathogen of high importance’ in 2017. One-fifth of all bloodstream-related infections in Australia and 12 000 cases of bacteraemia in the UK (2017–18) were caused by the MRSA variant. To address the need for novel therapies, we investigated several permutations of an innovative combination therapy containing N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antibiotic and an enzyme of choice in eradicating MRSA and MSSA biofilms. Methods Biofilm viability (resazurin assay) and colony count methods were used to investigate the effect of NAC, antibiotics and enzymes on S. aureus biofilm disruption and killing. The effects of NAC and enzymes on the polysaccharide content of biofilm matrices were analysed using the phenol/sulphuric acid method and the effect of NAC on DNA cleavage was determined using the Qubit fluorometer technique. Changes in biofilm architecture when subjected to NAC and enzymes were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results NAC alone displayed bacteriostatic effects when tested on planktonic bacterial growth. Combination treatments containing 30 mM NAC resulted in ≥90% disruption of biofilms across all MRSA and MSSA strains with a 2–3 log10 decrease in cfu/mL in treated biofilms. CLSM showed that NAC treatment drastically disrupted S. aureus biofilm architecture. There was also reduced polysaccharide production in MRSA biofilms in the presence of NAC. Conclusions Our results indicate that inclusion of NAC in a combination treatment is a promising strategy for S. aureus biofilm eradication. The intrinsic acidity of NAC was identified as key to maximum biofilm disruption and degradation of matrix components.

scholarly journals UK epidemic strains of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical samples from Malta

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1394-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon W. J. Gould ◽  
Jess Rollason ◽  
Anthony C. Hilton ◽  
Paul Cuschieri ◽  
Laura McAuliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Southern European Countries

Since 1999, the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS) has monitored the rise in infection due to a number of organisms, including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The EARSS reported that MRSA infections within intensive care units account for 25–50 % of infections in many central and southern European countries, these included France, Spain, Great Britain, Malta, Greece and Italy. Each country has defined epidemic MRSA (EMRSA) strains; however, the method of spread of these strains from one country to another is unknown. In this current study, DNA profiles of 473 isolates of MRSA collected from the UK and Malta were determined by PFGE. Analysis of the data showed that two countries separated by a large geographical distance had a similar DNA profile pattern. Additionally it was demonstrated that strains of EMRSA normally found in the UK were also found in the Maltese cohort (EMRSA 15 and 16). A distinct DNA profile was found in the Maltese cohort, which may be a local EMRSA, and accounted for 14.4 % of all Maltese isolates. The appearance of the same MRSA and EMRSA profiles in two separate countries suggests that MRSA can be transferred out of their country of origin and potentially establish in a new locality or country.

scholarly journals Is Panton–Valentine leucocidin associated with the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in the UK?

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Ellington ◽  
Russell Hope ◽  
Mark Ganner ◽  
Marjorie Ganner ◽  
Claire East ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Activity of ceftaroline versus ceftobiprole against staphylococci and pneumococci in the UK and Ireland: analysis of BSAC surveillance data

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3239-3243
Author(s):  
Carolyne Horner ◽  
Shazad Mushtaq ◽  
David M Livermore ◽  
M Allen ◽  
D F J Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole inhibit most MRSA and MDR pneumococci. Few direct comparisons of their activity have been published, but in several years (2008, 2013, 2017 and 2018) both were tested in parallel in the BSAC Resistance Surveillance Programme, giving paired results. These are reviewed. Methods Isolates included were bloodstream Staphylococcus aureus [n = 1884 (MRSA, n = 234)], bloodstream CoNS (n = 813; 574 methicillin resistant), and bloodstream (n = 852) and respiratory (n = 670) Streptococcus pneumoniae. MICs were determined by BSAC agar dilution and reviewed against EUCAST breakpoints; S. aureus breakpoints were assumed for CoNS. Results Ceftaroline MICs were mostly 2-fold lower than those of ceftobiprole, but, for all groups, MICs of both agents were strongly inter-related. Methicillin-susceptible staphylococci were universally susceptible to both agents; all MRSA were susceptible to ceftobiprole, whereas 10/234 had intermediate/high-dose susceptibility to ceftaroline. Among methicillin-resistant CoNS, 88% were susceptible to both agents, but reduced ceftaroline susceptibility and ceftobiprole resistance were frequent (65%) among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus. One S. pneumoniae was resistant to both ceftaroline (MIC 0.5 mg/L) and ceftobiprole (MIC 1 mg/L) and seven others were only resistant to ceftobiprole (MIC 1 mg/L); seven of these eight pneumococci belonged to serotype 19A or 19F. No time trend in susceptibility was seen for either cephalosporin. Conclusions Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole have similarly good activity against staphylococci and pneumococci. Therapeutic choices between these agents should be predicated on other differentiating factors, including licensed indications, clinical experience and need for Gram-negative coverage.

scholarly journals Empyema thoracis secondary to community-acquired Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e228297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Piracha ◽  
Syeda Saba Muneer Ahmed ◽  
Samira Mohd Afzal ◽  
Muhammad Badar Ganaie
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

We report a case of a previously fit middle-aged man presenting to the outpatient setting with unilateral pleural effusion, with minimal symptoms. On subsequent investigations, he was diagnosed with empyema thoracis secondary to Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-toxin positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The patient was treated with prolonged antibiotics and pleural drainage, and he remained haemodynamically stable throughout hospital admission. PVL is a cytolytic exotoxin produced by some strains of S. aureus. Such strains often cause recurrent skin and soft tissue infections, usually in previously fit and healthy individuals. Less commonly, invasive infections occur; these carry a high mortality rate if associated with necrotising pneumonia or septic shock. PVL genes are present in approximately 2% of clinical isolates of S. aureus in the UK. PVL-producing MRSA infections are on the rise and present significant clinical and public health challenges.

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