Comparison of Artificial Tear Supplements on the Ocular Surface Health and Tear Film in Patients with Dry Eye

Most studies about dry eye disease (DED) chose unilateral eye for investigation and drew conclusions based on monocular results, whereas most studies involving tear proteomics were based on the results of pooling tears from a group of DED patients. Patients with DED were consecutively enrolled for binocular clinical tests, tear biochemical markers of DED, and tear proteome. We found that bilateral eyes of DED patients may have similar but different ocular surface performance and tear proteome. Most ocular surface homeostatic markers and tear biomarkers were not significantly different in the bilateral eyes of DED subjects, and most clinical parameters and tear biomarkers were correlated significantly between bilateral eyes. However, discrepant binocular presentation in the markers of ocular surface homeostasis and the associations with tear proteins suggested that one eye’s performance cannot represent that of the other eye or both eyes. Therefore, in studies for elucidating tear film homeostasis of DED, we may lose some important messages hidden in the fellow eye if we collected clinical and proteomic data only from a unilateral eye. For mechanistic studies, it is recommended that researchers collect tear samples from the eye with more severe DED under sensitive criteria for identifying the more severe eye and evaluating the tear biochemical and proteomic markers with binocular concordance drawn in prior binocular studies.

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Normalized ocular surface temperature models for tear film characteristics and dry eye disease evaluation

The Ocular Surface ◽

10.1016/j.jtos.2020.04.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tai-Yuan Su ◽

Shu-Wen Chang

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Film Characteristics

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Trehalose for Ocular Surface Health

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10050809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 809

Author(s):

Jarmo Laihia ◽

Kai Kaarniranta

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Animal Models ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Life Forms ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Protein Clearance ◽

Ocular Surface Health

Trehalose is a natural disaccharide synthesized in various life forms, but not found in vertebrates. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates exceptional bioprotective characteristics of trehalose. This review discusses the scientific findings on potential functions of trehalose in oxidative stress, protein clearance, and inflammation, with an emphasis on animal models and clinical trials in ophthalmology. The main objective is to help understand the beneficial effects of trehalose in clinical trials and practice, especially in patients suffering from ocular surface disease. The discussion is supplemented with an overview of patents for the use of trehalose in dry eye and with prospects for the 2020s.

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Evaluation of a new artificial tear formulation for the management of tear film stability and visual function in patients with dry eye

Clinical Ophthalmology ◽

10.2147/opth.s144369 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol Volume 11 ◽

pp. 1883-1889 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gail Torkildsen ◽

Mile Brujic ◽

Michael Cooper ◽

Paul Karpecki ◽

Parag Majmudar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Visual Function ◽

Tear Film ◽

Film Stability ◽

Artificial Tear ◽

Tear Film Stability

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Impact of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as an Artificial Tear Film in a Rabbit Evaporative Dry Eye Model

Cornea ◽

10.1097/ico.0000000000001867 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 485-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pattravee Niamprem ◽

Pronnarin Teapavarapruk ◽

Sangly P. Srinivas ◽

Waree Tiyaboonchai

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽

Artificial Tear ◽

Eye Model ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye

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Apigenin ameliorates ocular surface lesions in a rat model of dry eye disease

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/2058739218818681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 205873921881868

Author(s):

Limei Liu ◽

Dongdong Wei ◽

Hongkun Xu ◽

Changhui Liu

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Tear Film ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha

To study the effects of apigenin on dry eye disease (DED) in rats. Rats were divided into six groups: (I) normal control group, (II) DED control group, (III) vehicle control group, (IV) DED + apigenin 10 mg/kg, (V) DED + apigenin 20 mg/kg, and (VI) DED + apigenin 50 mg/kg. Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (BUT), and corneal fluorescein staining were used to evaluate the effects of apigenin on the ocular surface. The related inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological examination and inflammatory index were also performed. The results showed that administration of apigenin was shown a significant effect on the recovery of ocular surface function. Compared to the control group, apigenin treatment in DED rats significantly decreased the level of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); however, the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level was increased. Histopathological examination further verified the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin on DED rats. The results demonstrated that apigenin could protect DED rats via inhibition of inflammation, suggesting that it may have potential as a therapy for DED.

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Role of ion channels in the functional response of conjunctival goblet cells to dry eye

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00077.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 315 (2) ◽

pp. C236-C246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Donald G. Puro

Keyword(s):

Ion Channels ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Adaptive Response ◽

Tear Film ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Cation Conductance ◽

Conjunctival Goblet Cells

Optimal vision requires an ocular surface with a stable tear film whose many critical tasks include providing >70% of the eye’s refractive power. However, for millions, tear film instability produces uncomfortable sight-impairing dry eye. Despite the multitude of etiologies for dry eye, a universal hallmark is hyperosmolarity of the tear film. Presently, knowledge of how the ocular surface responds to hyperosmolarity remains incomplete with little understood about the role of ion channels. This bioelectric analysis focused on conjunctival goblet cells whose release of tear-stabilizing mucin is a key adaptive response to dry eye. In freshly excised rat conjunctiva, perforated-patch recordings demonstrated that a ≥10% rise in osmolarity triggers goblet cells to rapidly generate a ~15-mV hyperpolarization due to the oxidant-dependent activation of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. High-resolution membrane capacitance measurements used to monitor exocytosis revealed that this hyperpolarization results in an approximately fourfold boost in exocytotic activity evoked by cholinergic input, which in vivo occurs via a neural reflex and depends chiefly on calcium influxing down its electro-gradient. We discovered that this adaptive response is transient. During 30–80 min of hyperosmolarity, development of a depolarizing nonspecific cation conductance fully counterbalances the KATP-driven hyperpolarization and thereby eliminates the exocytotic boost. We conclude that hyperosmotic-induced hyperpolarization is a previously unappreciated mechanism by which goblet cells respond to transient ocular dryness. Loss of this voltage increase during long-term dryness/hyperosmolarity may account for the clinical conundrum that goblet cells in chronically dry eyes can remain filled with mucin even though the tear film is hyperosmotic and mucin-deficient.

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Diagnostic Procedures and Management of Dry Eye

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/309723 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Snježana Kaštelan ◽

Martina Tomić ◽

Jasminka Salopek-Rabatić ◽

Branko Novak

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Tear Film ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Female Gender ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Systematic Classification ◽

Contact Lens Wear ◽

Potential Damage

Dry eye disease or dysfunctional tear syndrome is among the most frequent diagnoses in ophthalmology. It is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film which results in ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear instability with potential damage to the cornea and conjunctiva. Risk factors for dry eye syndrome include age, sex (female gender), race, contact lens wear, environment with low humidity, systemic medications, and autoimmune disorders. The aim of this paper is to present the systematic classification, epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and advances in the management of dry eye disease. The recent improvements in comprehending the underlying etiologic factors will inevitably improve future classifications and diagnostic abilities leading to more effective therapeutic options. Treatment of this highly prevalent condition can drastically improve the quality of life of individuals and prevent damage to the ocular surface.

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