scholarly journals Water, sanitation, and hygiene for control of trachoma in Ethiopia (WUHA): a two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomised trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e87-e95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Aragie ◽  
Dionna M Wittberg ◽  
Wondyifraw Tadesse ◽  
Adane Dagnew ◽  
Dagnachew Hailu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Parallel Group

scholarly journals Impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme on children’s independent handwashing and toothbrushing habits: a cluster-randomised trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699-1709
Author(s):  
Denise Duijster ◽  
Helen Buxton ◽  
Habib Benzian ◽  
Jed Dimaisip-Nabuab ◽  
Bella Monse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Daily Group ◽  
School Based ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Filipino Children ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives To explore whether a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme, which includes group hygiene activities, contributes to the formation of independent handwashing and toothbrushing habits among Filipino children. Methods In this cluster-randomised trial, twenty primary schools were randomly allocated to the intervention or control arm. Intervention schools received group handwashing facilities and implemented daily group handwashing and toothbrushing activities. A soap use to toilet event ratio was calculated to measure children’s independent handwashing behaviour after toilet use, and dental plaque accumulation on Monday morning was measured as a proxy indicator for children’s independent toothbrushing behaviour at home. Results Four months after implementation, handwashing and toothbrushing behaviours did not significantly differ between intervention and control schools. The mean soap use in intervention schools and control schools was 0.41 g and 0.30 g per toilet event, respectively (p = 0.637). Compared to baseline, mean plaque scores reduced by 4.2% and 3.5% in intervention and control schools, respectively (p = 0.857). Conclusions Although health benefits have been established, school-based group handwashing and toothbrushing may not be sufficient to increase children’s uptake of independent hygiene behaviours.

scholarly journals The RATIONS (Reducing Activation of Tuberculosis by Improvement of Nutritional Status) study: a cluster randomised trial of nutritional support (food rations) to reduce TB incidence in household contacts of patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in communities with a high prevalence of undernutrition, Jharkhand, India

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e047210
Author(s):  
Anurag Bhargava ◽  
Madhavi Bhargava ◽  
Banurekha Velayutham ◽  
Kannan Thiruvengadam ◽  
Basilea Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionIndia has the largest burden of cases and deaths related to tuberculosis (TB). Undernutrition is the leading risk factor accounting for TB incidence, while severe undernutrition is a common risk factor for mortality in patients with TB in India. The impact of nutritional supplementation on TB incidence is unknown, while few underpowered studies have assessed its impact on TB mortality. We designed an open-label, field-based cluster randomised trial to assess the impact of nutritional supplementation (with food rations) on TB incidence in a group at higher risk of TB infection and disease, viz household contacts (HHC) of patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB (PTB) in Jharkhand, a state with a high prevalence of undernutrition.Methods and analysisWe shall enrol 2800 adult patients with PTB of the national TB programme, across 28 treatment units in 4 districts, and their approximately 11 200 eligible contacts. The sample size has 80% power to detect the primary outcome of 50% reduction in incidence of active TB in HHC over 2 years of follow-up. Patients and HHC in both the arms will undergo nutritional assessment and counselling. Patients will receive monthly food rations (supplying 1200 kcal and 52 g proteins/day) and multivitamins along with antitubercular treatment. The HHC in the intervention arm will receive food rations (supplying 750 kcal and 23 g proteins/day) and multivitamins while HHC in control arm will be on usual diet. The secondary outcomes in HHC will include effects on nutritional status, non-TB infections. Secondary outcomes in patients are effects on TB mortality, adherence, adverse effects, nutritional and performance status. Substudies will examine micronutrient status and effects on dietary intake, body composition, muscle strength and immune function.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional ethics committee of ICMR-NIRT, Chennai, approved the study (289/NIRT-IEC/2018). The results will be disseminated in publications and presentations.Trial registration numberClinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2019/08/020490.

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