New Anesthetic Agents on the Horizon

2018 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Thomas Weismueller ◽  
Kai Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Anesthetic Agents

Anesthesia for rabbits submitted to experimental surgeries: Report of a series of eight anesthesias

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Rafael Antonio Caldart Bedin ◽  
Maisa Schultz ◽  
Antonio Bedin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Anesthetic Induction ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
Bioethical Debate ◽  
Precordial Stethoscope

Anesthesia for laboratory animals is a matter of biomedical concern and one of the most present dilemmas in the current bioethical debate. The use of anesthetic agents in experimental surgery aims at analgesia and restraining the animal, in order to achieve a reasonable degree of muscle relaxation and to produce sufficient analgesia. This practice requires the use of protocols for the administration of safe and efficient doses. Eight New Zealand rabbits were submitted to laparotomies demonstrating the surgical technique discipline of the local medical course. For pre-anesthetic medication, acepromazine 1 mg.kg-1 associated with ketamine 15 mg.kg-1 was used subcutaneously. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and oxygen under a laryngeal mask in a Mapleson D anesthesia system and under spontaneous breathing. Hydration was performed with 10 ml.kg-1 saline every hour. A thermal mattress was used. Precordial stethoscope, pulse oximetry and clinical parameters were used for monitoring. For euthanasia, ketamine 10 mg.kg-1 associated with potassium chloride 19.1% 1 ml.kg-1 was used intravenously. The average weight of the rabbits was 2721.25 ± 275.01 grams and the duration of the anesthetic procedure was 120 ± 87 minutes. Discussion. In long-term anesthesia, such as laparotomies, the use of pre-anesthetic medication and then anesthetic induction by the combination of agents is recommended. However, anesthetic management requires monitoring to prevent insufficient or excessive doses from occurring.

Proton Hopping In Living Systems.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemont Kier
Keyword(s):  
Living Systems ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Drug Receptor

: This review focuses on the two-century old concept of proton hopping. Introduced in 1806 by Grottus, it has evolved into an explanation of great diversity in describing many functions in living systems. It is a process involving water, which expands on the belief that life exists only in the presence of water. This review describes the mechanism of the process as it carries information through water. A focus is initially made on the process in water in the nerve systems. The nature of the process in these systems is described as the passage of proton hopping in living systems. In drug-receptor encounters, proton hopping is initiated, carrying specific information from these specialized encounters. The review continues with an explanation of sleep, arising from an alteration in proton hopping. A similar phenomenon of the effect of general anesthetic agents is described, as they interfere with by proton hopping. Finally, memory functions are addressed in the realm of events carried by proton hopping.

Individualized Dosing With Anesthetic Agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J M Lemmens ◽  
D R Stanski
Keyword(s):  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Individualized Dosing

scholarly journals General anesthesia with remimazolam in a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Suzuki ◽  
Matsuyuki Doi ◽  
Yoshiki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Mitochondrial Disease ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Anesthetic Agents

Abstract Background Systemic anesthetic management of patients with mitochondrial disease requires careful preoperative preparation to administer adequate anesthesia and address potential disease-related complications. The appropriate general anesthetic agents to use in these patients remain controversial. Case presentation A 54-year-old woman (height, 145 cm; weight, 43 kg) diagnosed with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes underwent elective cochlear implantation. Infusions of intravenous remimazolam and remifentanil guided by patient state index monitoring were used for anesthesia induction and maintenance. Neither lactic acidosis nor prolonged muscle relaxation occurred in the perioperative period. At the end of surgery, flumazenil was administered to antagonize sedation, which rapidly resulted in consciousness. Conclusions Remimazolam administration and reversal with flumazenil were successfully used for general anesthesia in a patient with mitochondrial disease.

scholarly journals Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Myocardial Protection and Preconditioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minati Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Myocardial Protection ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Volatile Anesthetic ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Anesthetic Preconditioning

AbstractPerioperative myocardial injury is common after any major surgical procedure even with best possible anesthesia and surgical management. Organ preservation during surgical procedure prevents morbidity and mortality. The effect of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial as well as other organ protection is well known. A variety of other agents also shown to have preconditioning thus protective effect on myocardium during anesthesia and surgery. The beneficial effect of volatile anesthetic preconditioning is well studied. However, the effect of intravenous anesthetic agents on this context is still way to go. This review is an attempt to look into the latest available research regarding the preconditioning and myocardial protective effect of intravenous anesthetic agents.

scholarly journals Newer Volatile Anesthetic Agents in Cardiac Anesthesia: Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Mandke ◽  
Manjula Sarkar ◽  
Charulata Deshpande ◽  
Arun Maheshwari ◽  
Bhupesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Anesthetic ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cardiac Anesthesia ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Cardiac Anaesthesia ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Inhalational Anaesthesia

AbstractMyocardial protection with volatile anesthetic agents have been suggested by multiple studies. These studies, however, are scattered and are often limited to a particular aspect of cardiac anesthesia. Older inhalational agents like halothane is known to cause significant hepatic damage in patients undergoing long duration surgeries while isoflurane is known to have marked vasodilating properties that also affects the coronary arteries leading to coronary “steal” phenomenon. Additionally, newer agents, like sevoflurane and desflurane, have shown more prominent cardioprotective effects than older agents. We searched ScholarOne, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms “anaesthesia, inhalational,” “anaesthesia, intravenous, or TIVA,” and “Cardiac anaesthesia or Cardiac Surgery” were used. Additional studies were identified by review of the reference sections of all eligible studies. The aim of this review article is to bring together the evidences with newer inhalational agents and provide a holistic view of their benefits and shortcomings in cardiac anesthesia.

A comparison of three anesthetic agents

AORN Journal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1562-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Geniton
Keyword(s):  
Anesthetic Agents
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