scholarly journals Newer Volatile Anesthetic Agents in Cardiac Anesthesia: Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Mandke ◽  
Manjula Sarkar ◽  
Charulata Deshpande ◽  
Arun Maheshwari ◽  
Bhupesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Anesthetic ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cardiac Anesthesia ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Cardiac Anaesthesia ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Inhalational Anaesthesia

AbstractMyocardial protection with volatile anesthetic agents have been suggested by multiple studies. These studies, however, are scattered and are often limited to a particular aspect of cardiac anesthesia. Older inhalational agents like halothane is known to cause significant hepatic damage in patients undergoing long duration surgeries while isoflurane is known to have marked vasodilating properties that also affects the coronary arteries leading to coronary “steal” phenomenon. Additionally, newer agents, like sevoflurane and desflurane, have shown more prominent cardioprotective effects than older agents. We searched ScholarOne, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms “anaesthesia, inhalational,” “anaesthesia, intravenous, or TIVA,” and “Cardiac anaesthesia or Cardiac Surgery” were used. Additional studies were identified by review of the reference sections of all eligible studies. The aim of this review article is to bring together the evidences with newer inhalational agents and provide a holistic view of their benefits and shortcomings in cardiac anesthesia.

Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Pastor ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

scholarly journals Intensity of Task-Specific Training for Functional Ability Post-stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiu Ibrahim ◽  
Isa Usman Lawal ◽  
Conran Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Evidence Database

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe and present detailed protocol of a systematic review aimed at determining available research evidence regarding the intensity, and frequency of task-specific training ( TST ) that can best result in improved motor function and mobility outcomes in both upper and lower extremities in acute, sub-acute and chronic stroke survivors. Methods Literature search strategies were developed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and text key words related to stroke rehabilitation and the use of TST to search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (PubMed search engine), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar were searched for eligible articles published from inception to date. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, selected appropriate abstract/studies and extracted relevant data as yielded by the search based on the study inclusion criteria. Assessment of the study risk of bias and quality of included studies were appraised using the Cochrane’s tool for assessing risk of bias or other appropriate tools. Discussion This paper presented the description of the systematic review methods, and it is expected to guide researchers in conducting systematic review in similar fields of research. Sources of literature search terms and reviewers have been determined. Systematic review registration The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (130991)

scholarly journals What Is the Clinical Evidence Supporting Trauma Team Training (TTT): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Noonan ◽  
Olaussen ◽  
Mathew ◽  
Mitra ◽  
Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Team Training ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms

Background and Objectives: Major trauma centres manage severely injured patients using multi-disciplinary teams but the evidence-base that targeted Trauma Team Training (TTT) improves patients’ outcomes is unclear. This systematic review aimed to identify the association between the implementation of TTT programs and patient outcomes. Methods: We searched OVID Medline, PubMed and The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from the date of the database commencement until 10 of April 2019 for a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords relating to TTT and clinical outcomes. Reference lists of appraised studies were also screened for relevant articles. We extracted data on the study setting, type and details about the learners, as well as clinical outcomes of mortality and/or time to critical interventions. A meta-analysis of the association between TTT and mortality was conducted using a random effects model. Results: The search yielded 1136 unique records and abstracts, of which 18 full texts were reviewed. Nine studies met final inclusion, of which seven were included in a meta-analysis of the primary outcome. There were no randomised controlled trials. TTT was not associated with mortality (Pooled overall odds ratio (OR) 0.83; 95% Confidence Interval; 0.64–1.09). TTT was associated with improvements in time to operating theatre and time to first computerized tomography (CT) scanning. Conclusions: Despite few publications related to TTT, its introduction was associated with improvements in time to critical interventions. Whether such improvements can translate to improvements in patient outcomes remains unknown. Further research focusing on the translation of standardised trauma team reception “actions” into TTT is required to assess the association between TTT and patient outcome.

scholarly journals The Global Use of Mobile Based Applications in Tuberculosis (TB) Care: A Systematic Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Ncube ◽  
Saloshni Naidoo ◽  
Takafira Mdul
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Crucial Information

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis remains one of the world’s deadliest communicable diseases despite being preventable and curable. The use of mobile phones has increased worldwide over the past decade and this has created opportunities to use mobile phones as intervention tools in health care including in promoting prevention, treatment and adherence monitoring and evaluation. However, the potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to fight TB remains largely untapped. Many countries are still researching further on how to use eHealth and mHealth effectively in the fight against TB. This systematic review protocol seeks to explore the mobile based applications that are being used in TB care globally and will provide crucial information to inform programming for the national TB programme, bringing the focus on interventions that really influence improving TB outcomes.Methods: A systematic review will be conducted through online searches using comprehensive Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms in various combinations. Information sources will include the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed. The review will be done by 2 reviewers who will resolve discrepancies through consensus. Narrative data synthesis will be done.Discussion: Analysis of the selected studies will provide information on the use of the mobile applications in TB care globally. Conclusions will be based on the best available scientific evidence. The results will provide crucial information to inform programming for the national TB programme, bringing the focus on interventions that really influence improving TB outcomes. This will result in the effective use of resources by channelling them where there is the greatest impact in terms of reducing morbidity and mortality due to TB in Zimbabwe. Systematic review protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42020154793

scholarly journals Burden and Determinant of Inadequate Dietary Diversity among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hagos Degefa Hidru ◽  
Meresa Berwo Mengesha ◽  
Yared Hailesilassie ◽  
Fissaha Tekulu Welay
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
English Language ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms

Background. Inadequate dietary diversity intake during pregnancy results in increased risks of negative maternal and perinatal outcomes. About one million neonates die on the first day of life due to inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy as a result of maternal complication and adverse birth outcomes. This review summarizes the burden of inadequate dietary diversity and its determinants among pregnant women at the national level of Ethiopia. Methods. Studies were retrieved from selected electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Random-effects model meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled burden of inadequate dietary diversity and its determinants at a 95% confidence interval with its respective odds ratio (OR) using statistical R-software version 3.6.1. Moreover, quality appraisal of the included studies, publication bias, and level of heterogeneity were checked with subgroup analysis and sensitivity influential test. The searches were restricted to articles published in the English language only, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) was used to help expand the search in advanced PubMed search. Result. A total of 850 articles were identified through the initial search of which 21 studies were included in the final review yielding a total sample size of 9,230 pregnant women. The pooled prevalence of inadequate dietary diversity was 53% (95% CI: 44%, 62%). Food insecurity [AOR = 2.18, (95% CI: 1.02, 4.63)], family size of greater than four [AOR = 1.46, (95% CI: 1.10, 1.95)], rural residence [AOR = 4.52, (95% CI: 1.02, 20.09)], no formal educational status [AOR = 4.50, (95% CI: 1.02, 20.09)], and a lack of counseling about dietary diversity [AOR = 2.75, (95% CI: 2.17, 3.48)] were among the significantly associated factors for inadequate dietary diversity. Conclusion. In this review, there was a high prevalence of inadequate dietary diversity among pregnant women at the national level in Ethiopia. Therefore, strengthening early counseling and diagnosis of dietary intake and undernutrition during the antenatal care period is important.

scholarly journals Free Periosteal Flaps with Scaffold: An Overlooked Armamentarium for Maxillary and Mandibular Reconstruction

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4373
Author(s):  
Remo Accorona ◽  
Luca Gazzini ◽  
Roberto Grigolato ◽  
Enrico Fazio ◽  
Letizia Nitro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Mandibular Reconstruction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Radial Forearm

Introduction: Head and neck bone reconstruction is a challenging surgical scenario. Although several strategies have been described in the literature, bone free flaps (BFFs) have become the preferred technique for large defects. Revascularized free periosteal flaps (FPFs) with support scaffold represents a possible alternative in compromised patient, BFF failure, or relapsing cancers as salvage treatment. However, only few clinical applications in head and neck are reported in literature. Purpose of the study was to systematically analyse the results of functional and oncologic maxillary and mandibular reconstruction with FPF with scaffold. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the dedicated literature was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines searching on Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Researchgate and Google Scholar databases using relevant keywords, phrases and medical subject headings (MeSH) terms. An excursus on the most valuable FPF’ harvesting sites was also carried out. Results: A total of 7 studies with 55 patients were included. Overall, the majority of the patients (n = 54, 98.1%) underwent an FPF reconstruction of the mandibular site. The most used technique was the radial forearm FPF with autologous frozen bone as scaffold (n = 40, 72.7%). The overall rate of complications was 43.7%. The success rate intended as scaffold integration resulted to be 74.5%. Conclusions: Maxillary and mandibular reconstruction with FPF and scaffold is a possible alternative in patient unfit for complex BFF reconstruction and it should be considered as a valid alternative in the sequential salvage surgery for locally advanced cancer. Moreover, it opens future scenarios in head and neck reconstructive surgery, as a promising tool that can be modelled to tailor complex 3D defects, with less morbidities to the donor site.

scholarly journals Intensity of Task Specific Training for Functional ability Post-stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiu Ibrahim ◽  
Isa Usman Lawal ◽  
Conran Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Evidence Database

Abstract Background To describe and present detailed protocol of a systematic review aimed at determining available research evidence regarding the intensity, and frequency of Task-Specific Training that can best result in improved motor function, and mobility outcomes in both upper and lower extremities in acute, sub-acute and chronic stroke survivors. Methods Literature search strategies will be developed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and text key words related to stroke rehabilitation and the use of TST to search for relevant RCTs. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (PubMed search engine), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar will be searched for eligible articles published from inception to date. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, select appropriate abstract/studies and extract relevant data as yielded by the search base on the study inclusion criteria. Assessment of the study risk of bias and quality of included studies will be appraised using the Cochrane’s tool for assessing risk of bias or other appropriate tool. Discussion This paper presented the description of the systematic review methods, and it is expected to guide researchers in conducting systematic review in similar field of research. Sources of literature search terms and reviewers have been determined. Systematic review registration The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (130991)

scholarly journals Dysencephalia Splanchnocystica, AKA Meckel–Gruber syndrome: A Systematic Review and the First Case Report from Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hussein Assi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Imam
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Meckel Syndrome ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Meckel-Gruber syndrome is categorised under the broad “umbrella” of syndromic ciliopathies. There is a shortage of epidemiological studies surveying the region of the Middle East and Arabic countries. Materials and methods: The review of the literature was conducted systematically, from the 1st to the 9th of June 2018, across medical and paramedical electronic databases including PubMed-NCBI, the Cochrane Library, and Elsevier database via predefined Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. The words used included all possible combinations of synonyms for Meckel syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, Gruber syndrome, Dysencephalia Splanchnocystica, ciliopathies, and syndromic ciliopathies. Results: The total number of hits for all databases was 2089963 distributed as 2085668 (NCBI-PubMed), 1052 (The Cochrane Library), and 3243 (Elsevier). The most informative combination of keywords was [(Ciliopathies AND “Meckel syndrome type-1”]. The total number of reference material was restricted to twenty-six. The level-of-evidence of our study is level-2b, by the categorisation scheme adopted by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. Our case report represents the first documented case in literature from Iraq. The diagnosis was based on the history of consanguinity of the parents, prior history of induced abortion of a malformed male fetus, and the diagnostic clinical triad postnatally of occipital encephalocele, post-axial polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys manifested as bilateral abdominal distension primarily affecting the loin. Conclusion: Future cases from Iraq should be investigated, via ecological and aggregate analytics, in correlation with chemical and radiological exposure following the American invasion of Iraq.

Characteristics of the Frequency-Following Response to Speech in Neonates and Potential Applicability in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1618-1635
Author(s):  
Céline Richard ◽  
Mary Lauren Neel ◽  
Arnaud Jeanvoine ◽  
Sharon Mc Connell ◽  
Alison Gehred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Clinical Potential

Purpose We sought to critically analyze and evaluate published evidence regarding feasibility and clinical potential for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes of the frequency-following responses (FFRs) to speech recordings in neonates (birth to 28 days). Method A systematic search of MeSH terms in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied HealthLiterature, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline (R) and E-Pub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Web of Science, SCOPUS, COCHRANE Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Manual review of all items identified in the search was performed by two independent reviewers. Articles were evaluated based on the level of methodological quality and evidence according to the RTI item bank. Results Seven articles met inclusion criteria. None of the included studies reported neurodevelopmental outcomes past 3 months of age. Quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Protocol variations were frequent. Conclusions Based on this systematic review, the FFR to speech can capture both temporal and spectral acoustic features in neonates. It can accurately be recorded in a fast and easy manner at the infant's bedside. However, at this time, further studies are needed to identify and validate which FFR features could be incorporated as an addition to standard evaluation of infant sound processing evaluation in subcortico-cortical networks. This review identifies the need for further research focused on identifying specific features of the neonatal FFRs, those with predictive value for early childhood outcomes to help guide targeted early speech and hearing interventions.

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