scholarly journals Diagnosing Human Capital as a Binding Constraint to Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Santos ◽  
Farah Hani
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Skill Accumulation ◽  
Development Context ◽  
Growth Accelerations ◽  
Human Capital Investments

The empirical literature on the contributions of human capital investments to economic growth shows mixed results. While evidence from OECD countries demonstrates that human capital accumulation is associated with growth accelerations, the substantial efforts of developing countries to improve access to and quality of education, as a means for skill accumulation, did not translate into higher income per capita. In this Element, we propose a framework, building on the principles of 'growth diagnostics', to enable practitioners to determine whether human capital investments are a priority for a country's growth strategy. We then discuss and exemplify different tests to diagnose human capital in a place, drawing on the Harvard Growth Lab's experience in different development context, and discuss various policy options to address skill shortages.

scholarly journals Cumulative Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-110
Author(s):  
Nur Cahyadi ◽  
Rema Hanna ◽  
Benjamin A. Olken ◽  
Rizal Adi Prima ◽  
Elan Satriawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Programs ◽  
Human Capital Investments

Conditional cash transfers provide income and promote human capital investments. Yet evaluating their longitudinal impacts is hard, as most experimental evaluations treat control locations after a few years. We examine such impacts in Indonesia after six years, where the program rollout left the experiment largely intact. We find static effects on many targeted indicators: childbirth using trained professionals increased dramatically, and under-15 children not in school fell by half. We observe impacts requiring cumulative investments: stunting fell by 23 percent. While human capital accumulation increased, the transfers did not lead to transformative economic change for recipient households. (JEL I21, I38, J13, J24, O15)

scholarly journals Health and Schooling Investments in Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Paul Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Wage Returns ◽  
Growth Regressions ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Household Heterogeneity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Wage Earners

Intercountry comparisons show Africa's health and education falls short of other regions, controlling for income, women's educations, and urbanization, but growth regressions do not clarify whether this low human capital caused slow growth. Microeconometric estimates of wage returns to schooling and health indicate relatively attractive private returns in several sub-Saharan countries, although data are severely limited. Biases due to household heterogeneity and selection into the sample of wage earners do not appear to alter these assessments that the quantity and quality of human capital investments will affect future economic growth in Africa and its more equitable distribution.

Human Capital in the Economic System of Modern Society: the Mechanism of Formation, Investment and Development Prospects in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
S. Zhukov ◽  
V. Zelic ◽  
S. Soima
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Development Prospects

As a result of the conducted research the problems of development of human capital and basic pre-conditions of providing of his competitiveness are certain. Analyzed the loud speaker of charges on development of education and health protection of summary budget of Ukraine and measures on the improvement of economic situation in Ukraine and providing of development of human capital are offered. The basic types of investments are certain in a human capital on levels and subjects of investing. The mechanism of forming of human capital is presented. The mechanism of forming of human capital is presented. It is grounded, that for strategic development of human capital of Ukraine and achievement of equilibrium and balanced of economy in the conditions of globalization modernization of public policy is needed in area of education, namely, creation of the system of education, oriented to forming and development of skills and jurisdictions of man, necessary for innovative activity. Keywords human capital, investments in a human capital, competitiveness, economic state of affairs, payment for work.

scholarly journals Occupational Choice and Investments in Human Capital in Informal Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucila Berniell
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Cross Country

AbstractInformality is pervasive in many developing countries and it can affect occupational and educational decisions. Cross-country data shows that the rate of entrepreneurship as well as the gap between the skill premium for entrepreneurs and for workers increase with the size of the informal economy. Also, in countries with larger informal sectors the fraction of high-skilled individuals that choose to be entrepreneurs is larger. To explain these facts, I develop a model economy with human capital investments, occupational choice and an informal sector, in which the investment in human capital improves the efficiency of labor as well as managerial skills, and the technology to produce goods exhibits capital-skill complementarity. Model predictions can account for cross-country evidence and also shed light on the mechanisms at work when the level of informality in the economy increases. In particular, a higher level of informality discourages human capital investments for workers while it incentivizes these investments for the case of some managers, mostly informal but talented.

Migrant Farmworker Earnings: A Human Capital Approach

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Shelley I. White-Means
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Health Capital ◽  
Migrant Farmworker ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Human Capital Investments

Migrant farmworkers are essential to the supply of low-cost agricultural produce. However, employment earnings of this vital labor force are approximately equal to the federal poverty income. This study examines the role of health capital investments in enhancing farmworker productivity and employment earnings. Health capital investments are found to have a larger marginal effect on earnings than other forms of human capital investments, such as education or experience.

scholarly journals TRENDS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN UKRAINE DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Oksana Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article is devoted to the characteristics of trends in the accumulation of human capital in Ukraine over the period of independence. The purpose of the article is to study the key factors that caused the existing trends in the accumulation of human capital during the period of independence of Ukraine. The novelty of the study lies in the application of a systematic approach to establishing the influence of the main factors on the accumulation of human capital in the country over the past twenty years.The expediency of the study of factors that directly affect the course of the processes of accumulating human capital at regional and national levels has been substantiated. The relationship between the quality of life of the population, the socio-economic development of the country and the volume of human capital has been established.The conditions (the number and structure of the current population; the number of live births and deaths per year and per 1000 people of the population; natural population decline, the number of marriages registered per year; total annual fertility rate, average life expectancy at birth), typical for Ukraine at the time of its independence in 1991, in the dynamics of demographic and socio-economic processes in Ukraine during the period of its independence have been analyzed.The tendencies that have been achieved by Ukraine in the nineteen years of independence in the field of socio-economic development, such as: the annual decline in the population and the total fertility rate; an increase in the mortality rate of the population; drop in GDP per capita and human development index are established. The key aspects of stabilizing the situation in the field of human capital accumulation in Ukraine, which should be based on the intensive development of the business environment, improving the quality of education, and comprehensive social protection of the population, have been substantiated.

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