scholarly journals The Benefits and Costs of Automotive Regulations for Low-Income Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Kylie Conrad ◽  
John D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Distributional Analysis ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Cost Analyses ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Low Income Households

Abstract Benefit-cost analyses of regulations address Kaldor-Hicks efficiency but rarely investigate the distribution of benefits and costs as experienced by low-income households. In order to fill this gap, this article assembles the available evidence to determine how regulations of the automobile industry may impact the well-being of low-income Americans. The scope of the investigation includes air pollution, safety and fuel-economy regulations. We find that performing benefit-cost analyses for low-income households is more challenging than commonly understood. Given the difficulties in completing distributional analysis with available information, the authors offer practical suggestions on how to change the federal data systems and the rulemaking process to ensure that information is collected about how future automobile regulations impact the well-being of the poor.

scholarly journals Impulsive Consumption and Financial Well-Being: Evidence from an Increase in the Availability of Alcohol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Ben-David ◽  
Marieke Bos
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Liquidity Constraints ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Liquor Stores ◽  
Credit Demand ◽  
Commitment Devices ◽  
Low Income Households

Abstract The increased availability of alcohol may harm individuals who have present-focused preferences and consume more than initially planned. Using a nationwide experiment in Sweden, we study the credit behavior of low-income households around the expansion of liquor stores’ operating hours on Saturdays. Consistent with store closures serving as commitment devices, the policy led to higher credit demand, more default, increased dependence on welfare, and higher crime on Saturdays. The effects are concentrated on the young population due to higher alcohol consumption combined with tight liquidity constraints. The policy’s impact on indebtedness is estimated at 4.5 times the expenditure on alcohol.

scholarly journals The Merits of Universal Scholarships: Benefit-Cost Evidence from the Kalamazoo Promise

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Bartik ◽  
Brad Hershbein ◽  
Marta Lachowska
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Kalamazoo Promise ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Benefits And Costs

As higher education costs rise, many communities have begun to adopt their own financial aid strategy: place-based scholarships for students graduating from the local school district. In this paper, we examine the benefits and costs of the Kalamazoo Promise, one of the more universal and more generous place-based scholarships. Building upon estimates of the program’s heterogeneous effects on degree attainment, scholarship cost data, and projections of future earnings by education, we examine the Promise’s benefit-cost ratios for students differentiated by income, race, and gender. Although the average rate of return of the program is 11%, rates of return vary greatly by group. The Promise has high returns for both low-income and non-low-income groups, for non-Whites, and for women, while benefit assumptions matter more for Whites and men. Our results show that universal scholarships can reach many students and have a high rate of return, particularly for places with a high percentage of African American students. They also highlight the importance of disaggregating benefits and costs by subgroup when performing benefit-cost analysis when the treatment is heterogeneous.

scholarly journals The Effect of Economic Vulnerability on the Participation in Development Programs and the Socio-Economic Well-Being of Low-Income Households

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Wan Mustapa ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Low Income Households

This study intends to examine the effect of economic vulnerability on participation in development initiatives, household income, micro-enterprise income and net worth of micro-enterprise asset among low-income households in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. Adopting a cross-sectional design, this study collected data from randomly selected 450 micro-entrepreneurs who were being served by three major development organizations in Kelantan, Malaysia. The findings revealed that the level of economic vulnerability among the respondents had a significantly negative effect on the participation of development initiatives, household income, micro-enterprise income and the net worth of microenterprise asset among the low-income Kelantanese households. This study provided insights for a comprehensive policy formulation for rural development as it identified program participation issues and gaps faced by the targeted cohort, which if effectively addressed can lead to an increase in participation in development programs, together with household and micro-enterprise income and assets, among the low-income economically vulnerable households in Kelantan, Malaysia.

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