Positive Beliefs about Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ariella P. Lenton-Brym ◽  
Olivia Provost-Walker ◽  
Virginia Tsekova ◽  
Randi E. McCabe ◽  
Karen Rowa
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Event Processing ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Scale Scores

Abstract Background: Post-event processing (PEP) is an important maintenance factor of social anxiety disorder (SAD). This study examined psychometric properties of the Positive Beliefs about Post-Event Processing Questionnaire (PB-PEPQ; Fisak & Hammond, 2013), which measures metacognitive beliefs about PEP. Method: Participants receiving treatment for SAD (n = 71) and other anxiety and related disorders (n = 266) completed self-report questionnaires at several timepoints. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the PB-PEPQ's proposed unidimensional model. Subsequent exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor structure consisting of engaging in PEP to (1) review negative events (Negative scale), (2) review positive events (Positive scale), and (3) better understand one's social anxiety (Understand scale). Within the SAD subsample, PB-PEPQ scales demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.83–0.85) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.65–0.78). Convergent and criterion validity of the PB-PEPQ Negative scale were supported. PB-PEPQ scale scores were significantly higher within the SAD group, as compared with the other groups (generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder), supporting the scales’ discriminative validity. Conclusion: Findings support the reliability and validity of the PB-PEPQ in a clinical sample and reveal the measure's multifactorial structure.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Videoconference-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder in Japan: One-Year Follow-Up of a Single-Arm Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Matsumoto ◽  
Sayo Hamatani ◽  
Kazue Nagai ◽  
Chihiro Sutoh ◽  
Akiko Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BACKGROUND Face-to-face individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and internet-based CBT (ICBT) without videoconferencing are known to have long-term effectiveness for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, videoconference-delivered CBT (VCBT) has not been investigated regarding its long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of VCBT for patients with OCD, PD, or SAD in Japan via a 1-year follow-up to our previous 16-week single-arm study. METHODS Written informed consent was obtained from 25 of 29 eligible patients with OCD, PD, and SAD who had completed VCBT in our clinical trial. Participants were assessed at baseline, end of treatment, and at the follow-up end points of 3, 6, and 12 months. Outcomes were the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder–7 (GAD-7), and EuroQol-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L). To analyze long-term effectiveness, we used mixed-model analysis of variance. To analyze cost-effectiveness, we employed relevant public data and derived data on VCBT implementation costs from Japanese national health insurance data. RESULTS Four males and 21 females with an average age of 35.1 (SD 8.6) years participated in the 1-year follow-up study. Principal diagnoses were OCD (n=10), PD (n=7), and SAD (n=8). The change at 12 months on the Y-BOCS was −4.1 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=4.45, <i>P</i>=.04), the change in PDSS was −4.4 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=6.83, <i>P</i>=.001), and the change in LSAS was −30.9 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=6.73, <i>P</i>=.01). The change in the PHQ-9 at 12 months was −2.7 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=7.72, <i>P</i>=.007), and the change in the GAD-7 was −3.0 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=7.09, <i>P</i>=.009). QALY at 12 months was 0.7469 (SE 0.0353, 95% Cl 0.6728-0.821), and the change was a significant increase of 0.0379 (<i>P</i>=.01). Total costs to provide the VCBT were ¥60,800 to ¥81,960 per patient. The set threshold was ¥189,500 ($1723, €1579, and £1354) calculated based on willingness to pay in Japan. CONCLUSIONS VCBT was a cost-effective way to effectively treat Japanese patients with OCD, PD, or SAD. CLINICALTRIAL University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000026609; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000030495

scholarly journals Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (ASQ): development and validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. e100144
Author(s):  
Amanda Baker ◽  
Naomi Simon ◽  
Aparna Keshaviah ◽  
Amy Farabaugh ◽  
Thilo Deckersbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Clinical Control ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

BackgroundThe Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (ASQ) is a brief self-report questionnaire which measures frequency and intensity of symptoms and was developed to improve assessment of anxiety symptoms in a clinical setting. We examined the reliability and validity of the ASQ in patients with anxiety disorders and/or depression, non-clinical control subjects and college students.Methods240 outpatients with generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or major depressive disorder were administered the ASQ and additional questionnaires measuring depression and anxiety, as were 111 non-clinical control subjects and 487 college students. Factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and logistic regression were used to assess reliability and validity. Test–retest reliability of the ASQ was measured using a subset who were re-administered the ASQ after 4 weeks.ResultsFactor analysis revealed measurement of a single dimension by the ASQ. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were strong. The ASQ total score also significantly distinguished patients with an anxiety disorder from the clinical controls above and beyond the clinician-rated Hamilton Anxiety Scale.ConclusionsThe ASQ is a valid, reliable and effective self-rated measure of anxiety and may be a useful tool for screening and assessing anxiety symptoms in psychiatric as well as college settings.

Prevalence and features of spontaneous recurrent images in social anxiety disorder: findings from a Korean community sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Eun Suh ◽  
Kyung-Ah Chang ◽  
Ji Un Hwang ◽  
Jung-Hye Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Distress Level ◽  
Negative Images

AbstractBackground:Previous studies have indicated that people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often experience spontaneous, recurrent images (SRI). It was assumed that Koreans with interdependent self-views may contain more features related to social contexts in their self-images than those reported in Western cultures.Aims:In the present study, we aimed to explore the prevalence and content of SRIs in individuals with SAD in Korea. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between features of SRIs and variables of SAD.Method:Sixty-four individuals with SAD (27.00 ± 7.42 years, 64.1% female), diagnosed with SAD, completed self-report questionnaires related to social anxiety. Afterwards, a semi-structured interview was used to assess features and content of the individuals’ SRI.Results:Thirty (47%) of the participants reported experiencing SRIs in social situations. The content of the SRIs were classified under three themes: negative self-images, negative images of others, and abstract images. The distress level of SRIs was positively associated with social phobia scales (r = .385, p < .05) and physical anxiety symptoms (r = .478, p < .05). Frequency of SRIs was positively associated with avoidance scores (r = .402, p < .05).Conclusions:The results demonstrated differences in the prevalence and content of the SRIs between Western and non-Western cultures. Fewer individuals with SAD in Korea reported having SRIs, and the content of these SRIs involved people other than the self. Some features of SRIs were associated with variables of SAD.

Predicting post-event processing in social anxiety disorder following two prototypical social situations: State variables and dispositional determinants

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kiko ◽  
Stephan Stevens ◽  
Anna Katharina Mall ◽  
Regina Steil ◽  
Martin Bohus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Event Processing ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Social Situations

Changes in picturing of ‘self’ in social anxiety disorder: a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Tanaka ◽  
Osamu Kobori ◽  
Michko Nakazato
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Projective Drawing ◽  
Scale Scores

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by significant distress regarding social performance situations. Patients experience strong embarrassment about how they are perceived by others due to increased self-focused attention. This case report presents two cases of SAD and the effects of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on ‘picturing of self’ (e.g. self-picturing and self-projection). The goal was to demonstrate the changes in ‘picturing of self’ using brief video feedback (VF) as a treatment and projective drawing as an assessment method of CBT, especially with SAD. The CBT consisted of psychoeducation and case formulation, cognitive restructuring, and behavioural experiments. In one case VF was used to provide additional means by showing the patient's own actual moving figure, the self-picture. For the other case, the patient was instructed to ‘draw a person’ and the changes in drawing style were assessed. Through the course of CBT, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale scores reduced significantly in both cases. ‘Picturing of self’ changed as a result of the use of CBT. Brief VF and projective drawing would be useful for individuals to see the change in themselves.

It hurts but I still need it: a qualitative investigation of post-event processing in social anxiety disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-369
Author(s):  
Naoki Yoshinaga ◽  
Kota Takaoka ◽  
Osamu Kobori
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Event Processing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Intermittent Reinforcement ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Do So

AbstractBackground:It has been proposed that both positive and negative metacognitive beliefs sustain engagement in post-event processing (PEP). However, it is unknown: (1) whether individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) actually derive the benefits from PEP that they expect; (2) if this is not the case, how their positive beliefs are maintained; and (3) if they are aware of the counterproductive effects of PEP, why they still perform PEP.Aims:To explore the phenomenology of the processes involved in PEP from the perspective of SADs, in order to address the research questions above.Method:Twenty-one participants suffering from SAD received individual semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.Results:Analysis revealed three main themes: (1) ‘Only, safe and useful way to improve myself’: SADs feel the need to improve their social performance, and they believe that PEP is the only, safe, and private way to do so, which is an underlying motive for them to do PEP; (2) ‘It hurts more than helps me’: however, through PEP, they do not seem to obtain the benefit that they expect, or only find a variety of counterproductive outcomes; (3) ‘Better safe than sorry’: they sometimes find makeshift solutions to improve their social performance during PEP, which may maintain their PEP as a form of intermittent reinforcement. They weigh up such costs and benefits, and choose to perform PEP while feeling conflicted about PEP.Conclusions:The results suggest that: (1) SADs rarely obtain the benefits from PEP that they expect; (2) their positive metacognitive beliefs are maintained by solutions they sometimes find during PEP; and (3) SADs choose to perform PEP while feeling conflicted; while PEP ironically maintains and exacerbates negative self-beliefs/images, it is the only safe and useful way to improve their social performance. These findings support and expand on the theories of PEP.

The Appraisal of Social Concerns Scale: Psychometric Validation With a Clinical Sample of Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke T. Schultz ◽  
Richard G. Heimberg ◽  
Thomas L. Rodebaugh ◽  
Franklin R. Schneier ◽  
Michael R. Liebowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Social Concerns
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