Pseudometastases due to red marrow conversion

2011 ◽  
pp. 356-359
Author(s):  
Fergus V. Coakley
Keyword(s):  
Red Marrow ◽  
Marrow Conversion

scholarly journals Radiopharmacokinetic modelling and radiation dose assessment of 223Ra used for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Höllriegl ◽  
Nina Petoussi-Henss ◽  
Kerstin Hürkamp ◽  
Juan Camilo Ocampo Ramos ◽  
Wei Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Biokinetic Model ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Dose Coefficients ◽  
Modelling Study

Abstract Purpose Ra-223 dichloride (223Ra, Xofigo®) is used for treatment of patients suffering from castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. The objective of this work was to apply the most recent biokinetic model for radium and its progeny to show their radiopharmacokinetic behaviour. Organ absorbed doses after intravenous injection of 223Ra were estimated and compared to clinical data and data of an earlier modelling study. Methods The most recent systemic biokinetic model of 223Ra and its progeny, developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), as well as the ICRP human alimentary tract model were applied for the radiopharmacokinetic modelling of Xofigo® biodistribution in patients after bolus administration. Independent kinetics were assumed for the progeny of 223Ra. The time activity curves for 223Ra were modelled and the time integrated activity coefficients, $$ \overset{\sim }{a}\left({r}_S,{T}_D\right), $$ a ~ r S T D , in the source regions for each progeny were determined. For estimating the organ absorbed doses, the Specific Absorbed Fractions (SAF) and dosimetric framework of ICRP were used together with the aforementioned $$ \overset{\sim }{a}\left({r}_S,{T}_D\right) $$ a ~ r S T D values. Results The distribution of 223Ra after injection showed a rapid plasma clearance and a low urinary excretion. Main elimination was via faeces. Bone retention was found to be about 30% at 4 h post-injection. Similar tendencies were observed in clinical trials of other authors. The highest absorbed dose coefficients were found for bone endosteum, liver and red marrow, followed by kidneys and colon. Conclusion The biokinetic modelling of 223Ra and its progeny may help to predict their distributions in patients after administration of Xofigo®. The organ dose coefficients of this work showed some variation to the values reported from clinical studies and an earlier compartmental modelling study. The dose to the bone endosteum was found to be lower by a factor of ca. 3 than previously estimated.

Recommendations with Respect to the Improvement of Lubricating Qualities of Synovial Fluid in Artificial Joints

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
N S Gavrjushenko
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Plate Model ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Hip Endoprosthesis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Lubricating Properties

This paper gives a short description of the lubricating properties of yellow and red bone marrow taken from a femur of a cadaver. The experiments have been conducted on a ‘ball-on-plate’ model. The balls were made from steel 100 CR6 (German) and the plates were made from the same steel and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, German ‘Herulen’). The friction coefficients under loads of 50 and 300 N were determined with different combinations of friction components. It has been found that the lubricating properties of yellow and red marrow have advantages over synovial fluid. In the light of these results the author develops a new approach to the design of a new hip endoprosthesis.

Evaluation of methods for red marrow dosimetry based on patients undergoing radioimmunotherapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Hindorf ◽  
Ola Lindén ◽  
Jan Tennvall ◽  
Karin Wingårdh ◽  
Sven-Erik Strand
Keyword(s):  
Red Marrow ◽  
Evaluation Of Methods

scholarly journals Bone marrow transplantation in dogs after radio-ablation with a new Ho- 166 amino phosphonic acid bone-seeking agent (DOTMP)

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Parks ◽  
TG Kawakami ◽  
MJ Avila ◽  
R White ◽  
GR Cain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Beta Particle ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Bone Biopsies ◽  
Total Body

beta-emitting 166Ho (t1/2 = 26.78 hours, E(beta)max = 1.8 MeV) complexed with the phosphonic acid chelator, 1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) (DOTMP) at a ligand-to-metal ratio of 1.5:1 binds to bone. This radioactive complex is a marrow-ablating radiopharmaceutical that appears useful for preparation of bone marrow (BM) transplant recipients without the morbidity usually associated with total body irradiation preparatory regimens. We have found with seven splenectomized young adult beagle dogs that a 166Ho radiopharmaceutical dosage of 370 MBq/kg body weight provides an initial skeletal radioactivity burden of at least 1.5 GBq/kg skeleton and results in complete ablation of hematopoietic marrow cell populations within 7 days. The beta particle flux distribution in BM-forming skeletal tissue is not uniform. Red marrow radiation doses varied from 30 to 115 Gy as estimated by direct radioassay and autoradiographic analyses of both bone biopsies and postmortem samples; the median value of 61 Gy agreed with our theoretical expectations. In vivo radioactivity distribution was evaluated with nuclear imaging methods. Apparently, normal hematopoiesis was restored in three dogs with autologous BM transplants performed 5 to 6 days after administration of the marrow ablative radiopharmaceutical, 166Ho-DOTMP. BM biopsies at 7 to 10 months posttransplantation indicate continued normal hematopoietic activity.

Subperiosteal Composite Xenograft(Kiel bone) with Autologous Red Marrow for a Fibrous Dysplasia

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Chang Ju Lee ◽  
Seung Rim Park ◽  
Sung Kee Chang ◽  
Jeong Hwan Oh ◽  
Seong Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Dysplasia ◽  
Red Marrow

scholarly journals Preclinical Incorporation Dosimetry of [18F]FACH—A Novel 18F-Labeled MCT1/MCT4 Lactate Transporter Inhibitor for Imaging Cancer Metabolism with PET

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Sattler ◽  
Mathias Kranz ◽  
Barbara Wenzel ◽  
Nalin T. Jain ◽  
Rareş-Petru Moldovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Weighting Factors ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Positron Emission

Overexpression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) has been shown for a variety of human cancers (e.g., colon, brain, breast, and kidney) and inhibition resulted in intracellular lactate accumulation, acidosis, and cell death. Thus, MCTs are promising targets to investigate tumor cancer metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET). Here, the organ doses (ODs) and the effective dose (ED) of the first 18F-labeled MCT1/MCT4 inhibitor were estimated in juvenile pigs. Whole-body dosimetry was performed in three piglets (age: ~6 weeks, weight: ~13–15 kg). The animals were anesthetized and subjected to sequential hybrid Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (PET/CT) up to 5 h after an intravenous (iv) injection of 156 ± 54 MBq [18F]FACH. All relevant organs were defined by volumes of interest. Exponential curves were fitted to the time–activity data. Time and mass scales were adapted to the human order of magnitude and the ODs calculated using the ICRP 89 adult male phantom with OLINDA 2.1. The ED was calculated using tissue weighting factors as published in Publication 103 of the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP103). The highest organ dose was received by the urinary bladder (62.6 ± 28.9 µSv/MBq), followed by the gall bladder (50.4 ± 37.5 µSv/MBq) and the pancreas (30.5 ± 27.3 µSv/MBq). The highest contribution to the ED was by the urinary bladder (2.5 ± 1.1 µSv/MBq), followed by the red marrow (1.7 ± 0.3 µSv/MBq) and the stomach (1.3 ± 0.4 µSv/MBq). According to this preclinical analysis, the ED to humans is 12.4 µSv/MBq when applying the ICRP103 tissue weighting factors. Taking into account that preclinical dosimetry underestimates the dose to humans by up to 40%, the conversion factor applied for estimation of the ED to humans would rise to 20.6 µSv/MBq. In this case, the ED to humans upon an iv application of ~300 MBq [18F]FACH would be about 6.2 mSv. This risk assessment encourages the translation of [18F]FACH into clinical study phases and the further investigation of its potential as a clinical tool for cancer imaging with PET.

ORGAN ABSORBED DOSE ESTIMATION REFLECTING SPECIFIC ORGAN MASSES WITH SIMPLE SCALING OF REFERENCE DOSES USING THE ORGAN MASSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
Kentaro Manabe ◽  
Shuji Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Organ Dose ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Simple Scaling ◽  
Specific Organ ◽  
Reference Doses

Abstract Estimating organ absorbed doses in consideration of person-specific parameters is important for radiation protection in diagnostic nuclear medicine. This study proposes a straightforward method for estimating the organ dose that reflects a specific organ mass by scaling the reference organ dose using the inverse ratio of the specific organ mass to the reference organ mass. For the administration of radiopharmaceuticals labelled by 99mTc or 123I, the organ doses for the liver, spleen, red marrow and thyroid obtained by the method were compared with those generated by a Monte Carlo simulation. The discrepancies were less than 14% for the liver, spleen and thyroid. Conversely, in some cases, the red marrow discrepancies were greater than 30% due to the wide distribution of red marrow in the trunk and head regions. This study confirms that the method of scaling organ doses can be effective for estimating mass-specific doses for solid organs.

scholarly journals Biodistribution and dosimetry of a single dose of albumin-binding ligand [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 in patients with mCRPC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasko Kramer ◽  
René Fernández ◽  
Wencke Lehnert ◽  
Luis David Jiménez-Franco ◽  
Cristian Soza-Ried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Albumin Binding ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes

Abstract Introduction PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy with lutetium-177 has emerged as an effective treatment option for metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Recently, the concept of modifying PSMA radioligands with an albumin-binding entity was demonstrated as a promising measure to increase the tumor uptake in preclinical experiments. The aim of this study was to translate the concept to a clinical setting and evaluate the safety and dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56, a novel PSMA radioligand with albumin-binding properties. Methods Ten patients (71.8 ± 8.2 years) with mCRPC received an activity of 3360 ± 393 MBq (120–160 μg) [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 followed by whole-body SPECT/CT imaging over 7 days. Volumes of interest were defined on the SPECT/CT images for dosimetric evaluation for healthy tissue and tumor lesions. General safety and therapeutic efficacy were assessed by measuring blood biomarkers. Results [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 was well tolerated, and no severe adverse events were observed. SPECT images revealed longer circulation of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 in the blood with the highest uptake in tumor lesions at 48 h post injection. Compared with published data for other therapeutic PSMA radioligands (e.g. PSMA-617 and PSMA I&T), normalized absorbed doses of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 were up to 2.3-fold higher in tumor lesions (6.64 ± 6.92 Gy/GBq) and similar in salivary glands (0.87 ± 0.43 Gy/GBq). Doses to the kidneys and red marrow (2.54 ± 0.94 Gy/GBq and 0.29 ± 0.07 Gy/GBq, respectively) were increased. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that the concept of albumin-binding PSMA-radioligands is feasible and leads to increased tumor doses. After further optimization of the ligand design, the therapeutic outcomes may be improved for patients with prostate cancer.

scholarly journals RADIOACTIVE IRON ABSORPTION IN CLINICAL CONDITIONS: NORMAL, PREGNANCY, ANEMIA, AND HEMOCHROMATOSIS

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Balfour ◽  
P. F. Hahn ◽  
W. F. Bale ◽  
W. T. Pommerenke ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Normal Absorption ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Radio iron is a tool which makes iron absorption studies quite accurate in dogs and reasonably satisfactory in human beings. This method is vastly superior to others previously used. Normal human pregnancy without significant anemia may show active radio iron absorption—16 to 27 per cent of iron intake. The pregnant woman as a rule shows 2 to 10 times the normal absorption of radio iron. Diseased states in which iron stores are known to be very abundant—pernicious anemia, hemochromatosis, familial icterus, and Mediterranean anemia —show very little absorption, probably less than normal. This is in spite of a severe anemia in all conditions except hemochromatosis. Chronic infections in spite of anemia show no utilization of radio iron, whether it may be absorbed or not. Leukemia shows little utilization of radio iron in red cells in spite of absorption (autopsy), probably because of white cells choking the red marrow. Polycythemia shows very low values for iron absorption as do normal persons. Two pregnant women showed only normal iron absorption. We believe that reserve stores of iron in the body, rather than anemia, control iron absorption. This control is exerted upon the gastro-intestinal mucosa which can refuse or accept iron under various conditions.

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