TO POPE INNOCENT IV

2014 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
Robert Grosseteste
Keyword(s):  
Pope Innocent Iv

The Testimony of the Russian ‘Archbishop’ Peter Concerning the Mongols (1244/5): Precious Intelligence or Timely Disinformation?

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
Pope Innocent Iv ◽  
Louis Ix

The first decade of the 21st century proved remarkably fertile in yielding up manuscripts relevant to the earliest direct contacts between Latin Europe and the Mongol empire – namely, those framed by the devastation of Rus´ (1237-40), Poland, Moravia and Hungary (1241-2) by the Mongols (or ‘Tartars’) and the subsequent despatch to the Mongol world of three parties of friars (1245-7) as envoys of Pope Innocent IV. These texts include:- (1) an early manuscript of the Epistula de vita secta et origine Tartarorum of the Hungarian Dominican Julian, who travelled to the Ural region in 1236–7 in search of the Hungarians’ pagan kinsmen in what was known as ‘Greater Hungary’, and returned with news of the imminent Mongol assault on Rus´; (2) two hitherto unknown letters from the Nestorian monk Simeon Rabban-ata to the Emperor Frederick II and King Louis IX of France, brought back from Azerbaijan in 1247 by one of Innocent IV's envoys, the Dominican André de Longjumeau; and (3) a second copy of the so-called ‘Tartar Relation’, an account produced in Poland in mid July 1247 by a Franciscan friar calling himself ‘C. de Bridia’ and closely linked with the most celebrated of the papal embassies to the Mongols, which was led by the Franciscan John of Plano Carpini and travelled across the Eurasian steppes as far as the court of the Qaghan Güyük in Mongolia.

GILBERT MARSHAL (III), EARL OF PEMBROKE

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 337-393
Keyword(s):  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Love Of God ◽  
Pope Innocent Iv ◽  
The Church

Notification that moved by love of God and reverence for Lord Pope Gregory the earl grants to the abbey his patronage of the church of St Leonard of Magor, Gwent, with its chapels and everything else belonging to it. Chepstow. 23 February 1238.B= Rome, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Register of Pope Innocent IV, fo. 474v (s. xiii).

A Vertical Sea: North Africa and the Medieval Mediterranean

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Allen Fromherz
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Call To Prayer ◽  
Pope Innocent Iv ◽  
North And South

An extraordinary letter was discovered in a neglected pile of medieval diplomatic correspondence in the Vatican Libraries: a letter from Al-Murtada the Almohad, Muslim Caliph in Marrakech to Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254). The letter, written in finest official calligraphy, proposes an alliance between the Caliph and the Vicar of Christ, the leader of an institution that had called for organized crusades against the Islamic world. While the history of Pope Innocent IV’s contacts with the Muslim rulers of Marrakech remains obscure, the sources indicate that Pope Innocent IV sent envoys south to Marrakech. One of these envoys was Lope d’Ayn. Lope became Bishop of Marrakech, shepherd of a flock of paid Christian mercenaries who were sent to Marrakech by that sometime leader of the reconquista, Ferdinand III of Castile, in a deal he had struck with the Almohads. Although they now had Christians fighting for them and cathedral bells competing with the call to prayer, the Almohads were powerful agitators of jihad against the Christians only decades before. Scholars know only a little about Lope d’Ayn’s story or the historical context of this letter between Caliph Murtada and the Pope. Although very recent research is encouraging, there is a great deal to know about the history of the mercenaries of Marrakech or the interactions between Jews, Muslims and Christians that occurred in early thirteenth century Marrakech. The neglect of Lope d’Ayn and the contacts between the Papacy and the Almohads is only one example of a much wider neglect of North Africa contacts with Europe in the secondary literature in English. While scholarship in English has focused on correspondence, commerce and travel from West to East, between Europe, the Levant and Egypt, there were also important cultural bridges being crossed between North and South, between North Africa and Europe in the Medieval Western Mediterranean.

Biblical Authority in the Writing of Pope Innocent IV (1243-54)

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Susan Martin
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Medieval Theology ◽  
Biblical Authority ◽  
Important Impact ◽  
Christian Unity ◽  
Pope Innocent Iv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theological Thinking

When discussing the thirteenth-century concept of Christian unity, Jack Watt asserted, ‘Too little is as yet known of the interaction of theological and canonical thought to be able to say with precision just what the canonists contributed to this development among more abstract thinkers and what they received from it.’ Thirty-five years on this comment largely remains true for our knowledge of the inter-relation of theology and canon law in the thirteenth century. Little attention has been paid to the impact of theology on canon law, and even less to canon law on theological thinking. G.R. Evans claimed, ‘Canon law glosses tend to be conservative and less theologically sophisticated than contemporary theological work.’ That comment could be seen as an explanation for how little attention has been paid to the theological content of canonical writing. However, canon law glosses were written principally to investigate law. The area of ‘sophistication’ was different. Yet, this is not to say that there was no interest in theological questions and their possible solutions on the part of the canonists. All canon lawyers had a theological education, and they cited biblical references to support their arguments extensively. This paper aims to show that the use and understanding of contemporary medieval theology had an important impact on the writing of thirteenth-century canon lawyers, which should not be readily overlooked by modern scholars.

The Law and Procedure of War Crime Trials

1943 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert G. D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Law ◽  
Pope Innocent Iv

In the preparation of the trials for “war crimes” committed during the present global conflict, students of international law will indeed recognize that a milestone in the development of legal science has been reached. As will become apparent from some of the facts to be presented in this study, we are about to see a new legal principle adopted in international relations: Impossibile est quod universitas delinquat. In consonance with various plans for general postwar reconstruction, the principle so succinctly phrased by Pope Innocent IV, in times no less perturbed than the present, is finally defeating the entrenched adherents of its counterpart, first enunciated by the skilled Bartolus of Saxeferato. Individual criminals and their accomplices are to be held responsible, not “nations” or peoples.

scholarly journals Emissaries of the Pope in the Mongol Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Vadim Trepavlov ◽  
Anton Gorskiy
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Unique Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
Pope Innocent Iv ◽  
The Many

The letter by the emissary of Pope Innocent IV in the Mongol Empire, Franciscan votary, John of Plano Carpini, Ystoria Mongalorum — “History of the Mongols” is one of the most renowned written records of the European writing of the 13th century. The letter is a report of the mission between 1245 and 1247, when John of Plano Carpini et al visited Batu Khan bases on the Volga and bases of Güyük Khan (supreme khan) in Mongolia. The project provides for publishing an extensive version of the “History of the Mongols” based on two best list of works: Wolfenbüttel and Cambridge. Unlike the Italian edition of 1989, where the text is reconstructed based on both lists, this publication is prepared according to the Russian tradition of archeography: one of the lists serves as the basis, while the other one is used in versions. The book by John of Plano Carpini includes unique information on the Mongol Empire, its structure, mechanism of control, army, and law. The book offers extensive information on customs and lifestyle of the Mongols and the many Eurasian peoples they conquered. Ystoria Mongalorum is a precious source on the history of Rus’ in the first years following Batu Khan invasion. Unlike the previous editions of the paper, the new one will include detailed commentaries explaining the realia, figures, toponyms, ethnonyms, etc. that appear in the text.

The Inquisition Brotherhood: Cofradía de San Pedro Martir of Colonial Mexico

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Greenleaf
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Patron Saint ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Pope Innocent Iv

As part of its religious, social and political mission, personnel of Mexico's Holy Office of the Inquisition were organized into a brotherhood, the Cofradía de San Pedro Martir, patron saint of the Inquisition. Although the Inquisition had functioned in New Spain from 1522, the brotherhood was not formally established until 1656. San Pedro Martir differed in many respects from other urban and rural confraternities in the viceroyalty. An outgrowth of Cruce-signati in the medieval inquisition, the Cofradía founded by Pope Innocent IV in 1252 after the murder of Inquisitor Peter Martir of Verona, came to Spain in the late fifteenth century. In the Iberian peninsula “Colegios de Familiares” formed and later developed into Cofradías whose membership was drawn from the Familiatura, a body of non-salaried Inquisition police known as Familiares.

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