scholarly journals Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Pediatric Isolated Dystonia: A 10-Year Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-335
Author(s):  
Wenying Xu ◽  
Hongxia Li ◽  
Chencheng Zhang ◽  
Bomin Sun ◽  
Yiwen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Motor Score ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stn Dbs

ABSTRACT:Objective:To evaluate the short-term and long-term clinical effectiveness and safety of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for medically intractable pediatric isolated dystonia.Methods:Using a longitudinal retrospective design, we assessed the clinical outcomes of nine patients who underwent STN-DBS for treatment-refractory pediatric isolated dystonia one decade ago (mean age at surgery: 15.9 ± 4.5 years). The primary clinical outcome used was assessed by retrospective video analyses of patients’ dystonia symptoms using the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, 1-year follow-up (1-yr FU), and 10-year follow-up (10-yr FU). Adverse side effects, including surgery-related, device-related, and stimulation-related effects, were also documented.Results:After STN-DBS surgery, the mean improvement in the BFMDRS motor score was 77.1 ± 26.6% at 1-yr FU and 90.4 ± 10.4% at 10-yr FU. Similarly, the mean BFMDRS disability score was improved by 69.5 ± 13.6% at 1-yr FU and by 86.5 ± 13.9% at 10-yr FU. The clinical improvements gained at 10-yr FU were significantly larger than those observed at 1-yr FU. Negative correlations were found between the duration of disease to age at surgery ratio (DD/AS) and the improvements in the BFMDRS motor score and total score at 1-yr FU and 10-yr FU.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this study provides the first clinical evidence for the short- and long-term effectiveness and safety of STN-DBS for pediatric isolated dystonia. Additionally, putative evidence is provided that earlier STN-DBS intervention in patients with refractory pediatric isolated dystonia may improve short- and long-term clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Microcatheter–Assisted Circumferential Trabeculotomy in Primary Congenital Glaucoma: Long-Term Clinical Outcomes

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Alberto Neri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Primary Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the long-term efficacy and clinical outcomes of microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy (MCT) in children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study including consecutive children with PCG who underwent MCT with > two years follow up. The primary outcome was surgical success, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 21 mmHg with (qualified) or without (complete) medications, measured at six months, one year, and then annually. Secondary outcomes were visual acuity (VA), refraction, axial length (AXL), complications, reinterventions, and number of medications. Results: Twelve eyes of ten patients were included. In eight children only one eye was affected. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age at surgery was 6.3 ± 4.1 months. The mean postoperative follow-up was 66 ± 35 months. The mean IOP was 34.3 ± 9.6 mmHg preoperatively and 14.6 ± 2.3 mmHg postoperatively at the last visit (p < 0.001). Complete success was achieved at all time points in 10 out of 12 eyes, while 2 eyes had a qualified success. At three years of age, the mean VA of the operated eyes was 0.25 ± 0.12 logMAR, the mean spherical equivalent was −0.78 ± 1.43 diopters, and the mean AXL was 23.78 mm. Transient hyphema was the only complication observed. None of the children required additional glaucoma surgery. Conclusions: Circumferential trabeculotomy for PCG effectively lowers the IOP at more than two years after surgery. Following this procedure, the prognosis for the visual function is good, and the refractive error is low. Postoperative complications were not significant.

scholarly journals Satisfactory long-term clinical outcomes after bone marrow stimulation of osteochondral lesions of the talus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinten G. H. Rikken ◽  
Jari Dahmen ◽  
Sjoerd A. S. Stufkens ◽  
Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Ankle Osteoarthritis ◽  
Bone Marrow Stimulation ◽  
Marrow Stimulation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) at long-term follow-up. Methods A literature search was conducted from the earliest record until March 2021 to identify studies published using the PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane Library databases. Clinical studies reporting on arthroscopic BMS for OLTs at a minimum of 8-year follow-up were included. The review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Two authors independently conducted the article selection and conducted the quality assessment using the Methodological index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS). The primary outcome was defined as clinical outcomes consisting of pain scores and patient-reported outcome measures. Secondary outcomes concerned the return to sport rate, reoperation rate, complication rate, and the rate of progression of degenerative changes within the tibiotalar joint as a measure of ankle osteoarthritis. Associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated based on the primary and secondary outcome measures. Results Six studies with a total of 323 ankles (310 patients) were included at a mean pooled follow-up of 13.0 (9.5–13.9) years. The mean MINORS score of the included studies was 7.7 out of 16 points (range 6–9), indicating a low to moderate quality. The mean postoperative pooled American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 83.8 (95% CI 83.6–84.1). 78% (95% CI 69.5–86.8) participated in sports (at any level) at final follow-up. Return to preinjury level of sports was not reported. Reoperations were performed in 6.9% (95% CI 4.1–9.7) of ankles and complications related to the BMS procedure were observed in 2% (95% CI 0.4–3.0) of ankles. Progression of degenerative changes was observed in 28% (95% CI 22.3–33.2) of ankles. Conclusion Long-term clinical outcomes following arthroscopic BMS can be considered satisfactory even though one in three patients show progression of degenerative changes from a radiological perspective. These findings indicate that OLTs treated with BMS may be at risk of progressing towards end-stage ankle osteoarthritis over time in light of the incremental cartilage damage cascade. The findings of this study can aid clinicians and patients with the shared decision-making process when considering the long-term outcomes of BMS. Level of evidence Level IV.

Arthroscopic Versus Open Anterior Shoulder Stabilization: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial With 15-Year Follow-up With an Assessment of the Glenoid Being “On-Track” and “Off-Track” as a Predictor of Failure

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110182
Author(s):  
Craig R. Bottoni ◽  
John D. Johnson ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Sarah G. Raybin ◽  
James S. Shaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Shoulder Stabilization ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Open Stabilization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated equivalent short-term results when comparing arthroscopic versus open anterior shoulder stabilization. However, none have evaluated the long-term clinical outcomes of patients after arthroscopic or open anterior shoulder stabilization, with inclusion of an assessment of preoperative glenoid tracking. Purpose: To compare long-term clinical outcomes of patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability randomized to open and arthroscopic stabilization groups. Additionally, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were used to assess whether the shoulders were “on-track” or “off-track” to ascertain a prediction of increased failure risk. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A consecutive series of 64 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability were randomized to receive either arthroscopic or open stabilization by a single surgeon. Follow-up assessments were performed at minimum 15-year follow-up using established postoperative evaluations. Clinical failure was defined as any recurrent dislocation postoperatively or subjective instability. Preoperative MRI scans were obtained to calculate the glenoid track and designate shoulders as on-track or off-track. These results were then correlated with the patients’ clinical results at their latest follow-up. Results: Of 64 patients, 60 (28 arthroscopic and 32 open) were contacted or examined for follow-up (range, 15-17 years). The mean age at the time of surgery was 25 years (range, 19-42 years), while the mean age at the time of this assessment was 40 years (range, 34-57 years). The rates of arthroscopic and open long-term failure were 14.3% (4/28) and 12.5% (4/32), respectively. There were no differences in subjective shoulder outcome scores between the treatment groups. Of the 56 shoulders, with available MRI studies, 8 (14.3%) were determined to be off-track. Of these 8 shoulders, there were 2 surgical failures (25.0%; 1 treated arthroscopically, 1 treated open). In the on-track group, 6 of 48 had failed surgery (12.5%; 3 open, 3 arthroscopic [ P = .280]). Conclusion: Long-term clinical outcomes were comparable at 15 years postoperatively between the arthroscopic and open stabilization groups. The presence of an off-track lesion may be associated with a higher rate of recurrent instability in both cohorts at long-term follow-up; however, this study was underpowered to verify this situation.

Long-term outcome of pallidal stimulation for Meige syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Horisawa ◽  
Taku Ochiai ◽  
Shinichi Goto ◽  
Takeshi Nakajima ◽  
Nobuhiko Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Meige Syndrome ◽  
Pallidal Stimulation ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEMeige syndrome is characterized by blepharospasm and varied subphenotypes of craniocervical dystonia. Current literature on pallidal surgery for Meige syndrome is limited to case reports and a few small-scale studies. The authors investigated the clinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in patients with Meige syndrome.METHODSSixteen patients who underwent GPi DBS at the Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital between 2002 and 2015 were included in this study. Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) movement subscale (BFMDRS-M) scores (range 0–120) obtained at the following 3 time points were included in this analysis: before surgery, 3 months after surgery, and at the most recent follow-up evaluation.RESULTSThe patients’ mean age (± SD) at symptom onset was 46.7 ± 10.1 years, and the mean disease duration at the time of the authors’ initial evaluation was 5.9 ± 4.1 years. In 12 patients, the initial symptom was blepharospasm, and the other 4 patients presented with cervical dystonia. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 66.6 ± 40.7 months (range 13–150 months). The mean total BFMDRS-M scores at the 3 time points were 16.3 ± 5.5, 5.5 ± 5.6 (66.3% improvement, p < 0.001), and 6.7 ± 7.3 (58.9% improvement, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate long-term efficacy for GPi DBS for the majority of patients with Meige syndrome.

scholarly journals Bariatric surgery in patients with type 1 diabetes: special considerations are warranted

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204201881882220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohar Landau ◽  
Galit Kowen-Sandbank ◽  
Daniela Jakubowicz ◽  
Asnat Raziel ◽  
Nasser Sakran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Mean

Objective: We examined short and long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: We reviewed the records of all adults insured by Maccabi Healthcare Services during 2010 -2015, with body mass index (BMI) ⩾30 kg/m2 and T1DM; and compared weight reduction and glucose control according to the performance of bariatric surgery. BMI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were extracted for baseline and every 6 months, for a mean 3.5 years. Results: Of 52 patients, 26(50%) underwent bariatric surgery. Those who underwent surgery were more often female and with a longer duration of diabetes. Immediately postoperative, 4(15%) developed diabetic ketoacidosis, while 6(23%) experienced severe hypoglycemic episodes. The mean BMI decreased among surgery patients: from 39.5±4.4 to 30.1±5.0 kg/m2 ( p < 0.0001); and increased among those who did not undergo surgery: from 33.6±3.9 to 35.1±4.4 kg/m2 ( p = 0.49). The mean HbA1c level decreased during the first 6 months postoperative: from 8.5±0.9% to 7.9±0.9%; however, at the end of follow-up, was similar to baseline, 8.6±2.0% (p = 0.87). For patients who did not undergo surgery, the mean HbA1c increased from 7.9±1.9% to 8.6±1.5% ( p = 0.09). Conclusions: Among individuals with obesity and T1DM, weight loss was successful after bariatric surgery, but glucose control did not improve. The postoperative risks of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemic episodes should be considering when performing bariatric surgery in this population.

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in isolated dystonia

Neurology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill L. Ostrem ◽  
Marta San Luciano ◽  
Kristen A. Dodenhoff ◽  
Nathan Ziman ◽  
Leslie C. Markun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Spasmodic Torticollis ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Term Tolerability ◽  
Stn Dbs ◽  
Deep Brain

Objective:To report long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of a large cohort of patients with medically refractory isolated dystonia treated with subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS).Methods:Twenty patients (12 male, 8 female; mean age 49 ± 16.3 years) with medically refractory isolated dystonia were studied (14 were followed for 36 months). The primary endpoints were change in Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) motor score and Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) total score at 36 months compared to preoperative baseline. Multiple secondary outcomes were also assessed (ClinicalTrials.govNCT00773604).Results:Eighteen of 20 patients showed improvement 12 months after STN DBS with sustained benefit persisting for 3 years (n = 14). At 36 months, BFMDRS motor scores improved 70.4% from a mean 17.9 ± 8.5 to 5.3 ± 5.6 (p = 0.0002) and total TWSTRS scores improved 66.6% from a mean 41.0 ± 18.9 to 13.7 ± 17.9 (p = 0.0002). Improvement at 36 months was equivalent to that seen at 6 months. Disability and quality of life measures were also improved. Three hardware-related and 24 stimulation-related nonserious adverse events occurred between years 1 and 3 (including 4 patients with dyskinesia).Conclusions:This study offers support for long-term tolerability and sustained effectiveness of STN DBS in the treatment of severe forms of isolated dystonia.Classification of evidence:This study provides Class IV evidence that STN DBS decreases long-term dystonia severity in patients with medically refractory isolated dystonia.

Long-term outcome following ilioinguinal neurectomy for chronic pain

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Zacest ◽  
Stephen T. Magill ◽  
Valerie C. Anderson ◽  
Kim J. Burchiel
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Chronic Groin Pain ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Ilioinguinal Nerve ◽  
The Mean

Object Ilioinguinal neuralgia is one cause of chronic groin pain following inguinal hernia repair, and it affects ~ 10% of patients. Selective ilioinguinal neurectomy is one proposed treatment option for carefully selected patients. The goal of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of patients who underwent selective ilioinguinal neurectomy for chronic post-hernia pain. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical assessment, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome in 26 patients with ilioinguinal neuralgia who underwent selective ilioinguinal neurectomy performed by the senior author (K.J.B.) at Oregon Health & Science University between 1998 and 2008. Data were collected from patient charts and a follow-up telephone questionnaire. Results Twenty-six patients (14 men and 12 women) had a clinical diagnosis of ilioinguinal neuralgia based on a history of radiating neuropathic groin, medial thigh, and genitalia pain. One patient had bilateral disease (therefore there were 27 surgical cases). A selective nerve block was performed in 21 (81%) of 26 patients and was positive in 20 (77%) of the 26. In all but 2 patients, pain onset followed abdominal surgery (for hernia repair in 18 patients), and was immediate in 16 (67%) of 24 patients. The mean patient age was 48.7 years, and the mean duration of pain prior to neurosurgical consultation was 3.9 years. Surgery was performed after induction of local or general anesthesia in 17 and 10 cases, respectively. The ilioinguinal nerve was identified in 25 cases, and the genitofemoral nerve in 2, either entrapped in mesh, scar, or with obvious neuroma (22 of 27 cases). The identified nerve was doubly ligated, cut, and buried in muscle at its most proximal point. At the 2-week follow-up evaluations, 14 (74%) of 19 patients noted definite pain improvement. Nineteen (73%) of the 26 patients were contacted by telephone and agreed to participate in completing long-term follow-up questionnaires. The mean follow-up duration was 34.78 months. Return of pain was reported by 13 (68%) of 19 patients. Using a verbal numerical rating scale (0–10), pain was completely relieved in 27.8%, better in 38.9%, no better in 16.7%, and worse in 16.7% of patients. Conclusions Ilioinguinal neurectomy is an effective and appropriate treatment for selected patients with iatrogenic ilioinguinal neuralgia following abdominal surgery. Although a high proportion of patients reported some long-term recurrence of pain, complete or partial pain relief was achieved in 66.7% of the patients observed.

scholarly journals Long-term evolution of calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff: clinical and radiological evaluation 10 years after diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Compagnoni ◽  
Alessandra Menon ◽  
Simone Radaelli ◽  
Francesco Lanzani ◽  
Mauro B. Gallazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Calcific Tendinitis ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder has a tendon involvement that could evolve to rotator cuff tear and shoulder osteoarthritis. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tears in patients affected by calcific tendinitis at a minimum follow-up of 10 years after diagnosis. Methods Patients diagnosed with calcific tendinitis of the shoulder with a minimum follow-up of 10 years were contacted and invited for a clinical and radiological evaluation. Information on the demographics, affected and dominant side, bilateral shoulder pain, type of treatment, habits, systemic or musculoskeletal diseases, reoperation of the index shoulder, and subjective satisfaction was collected. The clinical evaluation was performed using Constant–Murley score (CMS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES), and numerical rating scale (NRS); isometric strength in forwarding flexion and abduction was also measured. Each patient also underwent an ultrasound examination to evaluate rotator cuff tendon integrity and a shoulder radiograph to evaluate osteoarthritis. Results Seventy-nine patients were available for a phone interview, and 35 agreed to be examined. The mean age was 58.89 (± 7.9) years at follow-up. The prevalence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis was 17.14% in the study population, with significant progression in 14.29% of the cases, without rotator cuff full-thickness tears. x-Ray examination showed residual calcifications in 31 patients, with a mean diameter of 5.54 mm. In 30 cases, there was a reduction of the diameter; in 4 cases, the calcification increased in size; and in 1 case, the size did not change. The mean ASES score was 74.1 (± 22.7) in the group with calcifications larger than 2 mm and 89.4 (± 8.2) in patients with smaller calcifications (p = 0.08) without correlation with the type of treatment performed. Conclusions Calcific tendinitis is a self-resolving disease without rotator cuff tears at long-term follow-up or degenerative glenohumeral progression. Level of Evidence: 3, cohort study.

scholarly journals Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Isolated Cervical Dystonia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yin ◽  
Mingming Zhao ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Stn Dbs ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proven to be an alternative target choice for refractory isolated cervical dystonia (CD). However, assessments of its short and long-term safety, efficacy, and sustained effectiveness have been limited to few reports. Here, we evaluated nine consecutive refractory isolated CD patients who underwent bilateral STN DBS and accepted to short and long-term follow-up in this retrospective study. Seven time points were used to see the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) scores (pre-operation [baseline], 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months post-operation and last follow-up) to assess improvement of dystonic symptoms. The 36-item Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36) scores obtained at pre-operation and last follow-up to assess the changes in quality of life. All patients tolerated surgery well and acquired observable clinical benefits from STN DBS therapy. All patients achieved a considerable improvement in quality of life at the last follow-up. The hardware-related adverse events can be tolerated and the stimulation-related adverse events can be ameliorated by programming. Our data support the idea that bilateral STN DBS is a safety and effective method for the treatment of refractory isolated CD, with persistent and remarkable improvement in both movement and quality of life.

Modified Elmslie–Trillat Procedure for Recurrent Dislocation of the Patella

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genya Mitani ◽  
Takashi Maeda ◽  
Tomonori Takagaki ◽  
Kosuke Hamahashi ◽  
Kenji Serigano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Recurrent Dislocation ◽  
Postoperative Outcomes ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Tilting Angle ◽  
Kujala Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dislocation Of The Patella

AbstractMany groups have reported good to excellent clinical outcomes of the Elmslie–Trillat (ET) procedure for recurrent dislocation of the patella. However, the mean follow-up period of these studies was no more than 5 years. We hypothesized that the long-term postoperative outcomes of the modified ET procedure for recurrent dislocation of the patella would be acceptable compared with those of other procedures. The long-term postoperative outcomes of patients treated with the modified ET procedure were examined. A total of 31 knees in 27 patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella who underwent a modified ET procedure (without medial capsular plication) were evaluated. The mean follow-up period was 13.0 years. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were examined to determine the Q-angle, tilting angle, lateral shift ratio, sulcus angle, congruence angle, and Insall–Salvati index. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on the Fulkerson patellofemoral joint evaluation score, Kujala score, and the presence of the apprehension sign. Radiological evaluation revealed significant postoperative improvements in the Q-angle, tilting angle, lateral shift ratio, congruence angle, Kujala score, and Fulkerson score (p < 0.001). Sixty-eight percent of all patients had a “good” or “excellent” Fulkerson score. The apprehension sign continued to be shown for six knees. Progression of osteoarthritic changes was observed in three knees, and one knee was symptomatic. The modified ET procedure provided satisfactory outcomes based on radiological and clinical evaluations. These results show the long-term effectiveness and safety of the modified ET procedure for recurrent patellar dislocation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document