Sequencing, People Movements and Mass Politicization in European and Trans-Tasman Single Markets

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Leslie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
European Market ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
National Authority ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods

This article demonstrates the utility of comparative historical approaches and tools for temporal analysis in comparative regional integration. Over three decades Australian and New Zealand policymakers constructed a Trans-Tasman Single Economic Market that, like the Single European Market, creates supra-national authority and removes administrative barriers to free movement of goods, services capital and people. Like the Single European Market, the Trans-Tasman Single Economic Market regulates internal movements of people liberally. In Europe, some argue, liberal regulation of people movements has led to politicization of integration. In Australia and New Zealand integration has no mass political salience. This article compares European and trans-Tasman integration to explain these divergent outcomes. It shows how differing sequences of events can explain varying levels of mass mobilization around integration in the two cases. In Europe ‘economic integration’ preceded the liberalization of people movements. Trans-Tasman integration reversed this sequence.

scholarly journals The role of the Single Euro Payments Area for the potential single European market

Equilibrium ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Anna Pyka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Single Market ◽  
European Market ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Local Solutions ◽  
The Creation

The creation of Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is the next stage of economic integration of Europe connected with clearings and payments area. The idea behind the activities within SEPA programme is the introduction of mechanisms for effective Euro payments in Europe and treatment of this area as a single market with all the consequences to do with the time of transaction and charges occurring. According to SEPA, different local solutions will be replaced by a common payment system and unified standards regulated by homogenous consumer law. This in turn shall bring in the following effects: easy, fast, safe and cheap payments for the whole European market. This article shows the conditions of implementation of SEPA programme and the consequences stemming from the single payments area.

scholarly journals Mixing Business with Politics? The Role and Influence of the Australia New Zealand Leadership Forum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simon Le Quesne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Strategic Relationships ◽  
High Level ◽  
Key Participants ◽  
Unofficial Diplomacy

<p>Since 2004, the Australia New Zealand Leadership Forum (ANZLF), an annual bilateral business-led Forum, has facilitated the engagement of high level state and non-state Australian and New Zealand actors in debate, unofficial dialogue, networking, information and idea exchange. Yet very little is known about the event, who participates and what the ANZLF produces. Drawing on extensive interviews with key participants and organisations, this thesis examines the Forum’s genesis, its form and modalities, and the substance of the meetings. While the literature on “track two” diplomacy and regional integration often exaggerates the importance of business and other non-official actors in the process, evidence from the ANZLF case suggests that these participants merely promote, but do not transform trans-Tasman economic integration policy. Rather, the ANZLF has served as a tool for governments to expand their capacities and to draw on alternative resources. The ANZLF is an example of unofficial diplomacy helping governments to build strategic relationships with a variety of non-governmental actors to advance specific objectives. From a New Zealand perspective, the thesis argues the Leadership Forum has been beneficial in building relationships, networks and trust as the country engages in asymmetrical integration with Australia.</p>

scholarly journals Mixing Business with Politics? The Role and Influence of the Australia New Zealand Leadership Forum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simon Le Quesne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Strategic Relationships ◽  
High Level ◽  
Key Participants ◽  
Unofficial Diplomacy

<p>Since 2004, the Australia New Zealand Leadership Forum (ANZLF), an annual bilateral business-led Forum, has facilitated the engagement of high level state and non-state Australian and New Zealand actors in debate, unofficial dialogue, networking, information and idea exchange. Yet very little is known about the event, who participates and what the ANZLF produces. Drawing on extensive interviews with key participants and organisations, this thesis examines the Forum’s genesis, its form and modalities, and the substance of the meetings. While the literature on “track two” diplomacy and regional integration often exaggerates the importance of business and other non-official actors in the process, evidence from the ANZLF case suggests that these participants merely promote, but do not transform trans-Tasman economic integration policy. Rather, the ANZLF has served as a tool for governments to expand their capacities and to draw on alternative resources. The ANZLF is an example of unofficial diplomacy helping governments to build strategic relationships with a variety of non-governmental actors to advance specific objectives. From a New Zealand perspective, the thesis argues the Leadership Forum has been beneficial in building relationships, networks and trust as the country engages in asymmetrical integration with Australia.</p>

Africa’s prospects for infrastructure development and regional integration: energy sector

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethèl Teljeur ◽  
Mayuree Chetty ◽  
Morné Hendriksz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

Energy sector development is required to enable greater regional economic integration (harmonization of legal and regulatory frameworks for energy, coordination of energy infrastructure investments, etc.) in Africa. This can address problems associated with fractured energy infrastructure investment and allowing African nations to develop more shared facilities. In addition, regional integration facilitates trade of energy resources and services via sub-regional power pools. Despite the current attempts to integrate regional infrastructure via power pools, actual trade within these pools is low, and the opportunity to derive efficiencies from integrated regional resource planning is missed in favour of national plans. Different stages and design of energy market liberalization or (re-) regulation and the desire for energy self-sufficiency (“security of supply”) hinder the development of bilateral or multilateral projects. Investment in interconnection capacity is required to facilitate intra-power pool trade and achieve the efficiencies associated with the pooling of demand and integrated energy planning.

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