Academic Freedom in the European Union - Why the Single European Market is a Bad Reference Point

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamas Dezso Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
European Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Single European Market

Growth and Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
André Sapir
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

After two prosperous decades, the European Union suffered a serious setback in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with sluggish growth and weak competitiveness in high-tech sectors compared to the USA and Japan. The creation of the single European market in 1993 was a major boost to growth and competitiveness in Europe. Yet, today, even abstracting from the coronavirus crisis, the European Union again faces some economic troubles. Growth has been subdued for a while and the EU is suffering yet again from weak competitiveness in high-tech sectors compared to the USA and to China, which has replaced Japan as the main Asian powerhouse. At the same time, however, the geopolitical situation has changed dramatically. In the earlier days, the world was divided between East and West, and all three main economic powers, the EU, Japan, and the USA, were in the same political camp. Their rivalry was therefore purely economic. Today, there are political dividing lines between the three main economic powers. The EU’s competitiveness problem vis-à-vis China and the USA in some key technologies is therefore not just economic but also geopolitical. Yet, the European Union remains largely an economic entity, though it has started to think and even to act geopolitically. The obvious question is whether Europe will be able to repeat its achievement of nearly 30 years ago and come up with a new design that will boost its growth and competitiveness in this new geopolitical era, or whether this quest will prove elusory.

Controlled Dismantlement of the Eurozone: A Strategy to Save the European Union and the Single European Market

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kawalec ◽  
Ernest Pytlarczyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Single Currency ◽  
European Currency ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Coordination System ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Fiscal Austerity

Abstract The problems with a single currency in Europe are neither temporary nor curable. Any persistent defence of the euro will result in a long-lasting recession and high unemployment in countries using fiscal austerity to pursue ‘internal devaluation’. It may lead to a revival of populist and nationalist movements, political collapse and disorderly eurozone break-up. This article argues for a controlled segmentation of the eurozone via the exit of the most competitive countries and an agreement on a new European currency coordination system.

The state of democracy in the European Union in scenarios: federation, empire and Europe à la carte

2016 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu ◽  
A La Carte

The aim of the article is to present possible scenarios on maintaining democracy in the EU, while assuming different hypothetical directions in which it could develop as a federation, empire and Europe à la carte. Selected mechanisms, norms and values of the EU system that are crucial for the functioning of democracy in the European Union are the subject of this research. The abovementioned objective of scenario development is achieved through distinguishing the notions of policy, politics and polity in the research. In the analysis of the state of democracy in the European Union both the process (politics) and the normative approach (policy) have been adopted. The characterised norms, structures, values and democratic procedures in force in the EU will become a reference point for the projected scenarios. The projection refers to a situation when the existing polity transforms into a federation, empire or Europe à la carte. The article is to serve as a projection and is a part of a wider discussion on the future of the basis on which the European Union is build.

The Single European Market in Goods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidora Maletić ◽  
Catherine Barnard
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Administrative Tasks

The focus of this chapter is on the European Union administrative law that has arisen in the specific policy setting of the internal market. The creation of the internal market, which ‘shall comprise an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured’, is at the heart of the European Union integration project and consequently also of the EU’s administrative network structure. A number of the other chapters that follow in this collection are closely related to the present discussion, either through the specific type of product concerned, or by virtue of exploring a particular policy objective intertwined with the broader framework of the internal market. This chapter concentrates on the internal market and its administration more narrowly understood. Its focus is mainly on the administrative tasks, structures, procedures, and enforcement in the field of product regulation. However, this should not overlook the extent to which the underlying provisions, principles, and practices in this field relate, more widely, to the whole body of EU administrative law.

The Oxford Guide to Treaties

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Nation States

From trade relations to greenhouse gases, from shipwrecks to cybercrime, treaties structure the rights and obligations of states, international organizations, and individuals. For centuries, treaties have regulated relations among nation states. Today, they are the dominant source of international law. Thus, being adept with treaties and international agreements is an indispensable skill for anyone engaged in international relations. This revised and updated edition provides a comprehensive guide to treaties, shedding light on the rules and practices surrounding the making, interpretation, and operation of these instruments. The chapters are designed to introduce the law of treaties and offer practical insights into how treaties actually work. Foundational issues are covered, including what treaties are and when they should be used, alongside detailed analyses of treaty formation, application, interpretation, and exit. Special issues associated with treaties involving the European Union and other international organizations are also addressed. These are complimented by a set of model treaty clauses. Real examples illustrate the approaches that treaty-makers can take on topics such as entry into force, languages, reservations, and amendments. The book thus provides an authoritative reference point for anyone studying or involved in the creation or interpretation of treaties or other forms of international agreement.

Kształtowanie jednolitej wspólnej regulacji rynków rolnych w Unii Europejskiej i Polsce

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Osdoba
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The Common ◽  
European Standards

Pending the entry into force of the Common Agricultural Organization of Agricultural Markets in 2007, there were twenty one coexisting industry market organizations as defined in the relevant basic EU regulations. Merging in one legal act the provisions of several dozen other EU regulations and looking at the single European market in a holistic and not sectoral way, illustrates the current way of running the Common Agricultural Policy, which seeks to comprehensively address the problems of the European agricultural market. From 1st September 2017, there has been a National Support Center for Agriculture, which took over the tasks of two liquidated agencies: the Agricultural Property Agency and the Agricultural Market Agency. Adaptation of the Polish legislation within the framework of agricultural policy will have to take into account the changes taking place in the Common Agricultural Policy in the future. From 1st October 2017, the sugar-producing quota system which existed for the last 50 years, setting the limits for individual Member States of the European Union, was terminated. This was the last system of agricultural quotas within the European Union. Following the harmonization of the Polish legislation with European standards, we are aware of the fact that the EU law is constantly facing changes.

The Decline of the International Model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schütze
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Common Market ◽  
European Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
International Model ◽  
Regulatory Measures

The creation of a common market was (and is) a central task of the European Economic Community and today the European Union. The 1957 EEC Treaty thereby offered a variety of legal instruments to unite the different national markets into a ‘common’ European market. Originally, it closely followed the GATT suggestions in Article XXIV and outlawed customs duties (and equivalent measures), while it equally prohibited quantitative restrictions (and equivalent measures). The EEC Treaty also contained a non-discrimination provision for imported goods, yet the latter was textually confined to fiscal measures; and the question therefore arose how the 1957 Rome Treaty would regard State regulatory measures that discriminated against out-of-State goods. This chapter explores the constitutional choices made by the original Rome Treaty and the early Court with regard to market integration.

A Stronger Role for the European Supervisory Authorities in the EU27

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Busch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
European Market ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Approach ◽  
European Governance ◽  
Central Counterparties ◽  
Market Infrastructure

The chapter addresses two topics that are crucial to achieving more supervisory convergence in the European Union 27 (EU-27): (1) a more pan-European governance or decision-making structure of the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs); and (2) more direct supervisory powers to the ESAs, particularly (but not exclusively) to the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). These topics are analysed and discussed within the framework of the Commission's public consultation on the functioning of the ESAs; the Commission proposal of 29 June 2017 for a Regulation on a pan-European Personal Pension Product; the Commission's FinTech consultation of 23 March 2017; and the Commission proposal of 13 June 2017 to amend the European Market Infrastructure Regulation and the ESMA, which aims to introduce a more pan-European approach to central counterparties supervision.

LOCAL CULTURE MEETS SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET - AN ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDEPENDENT ENTREPRENEURS IN THE FRENCH BOOK RETAIL SECTOR

1999 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 365-388
Author(s):  
ELKE PIOCH ◽  
RUTH A. SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
European Market ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Changing Role

The introduction of the Single European Market (SEM) acted as a catalyst to internationalization activities throughout the European Union (EU). Set against the backdrop of a wider study of retail change within the SEM this industry case study examines the changing role of the independent sector within French book retailing in the face of a growing trend towards cross-border activity. The interplay between consumer culture and the dynamics of the changing structural components of the market is discussed against the backdrop of a wider EU context. Barriers and challenges as well as opportunities for international activities are examined and the respective positioning of the different types of retail capital considered. Conclusions highlight the importance of entrepreneurial style rather than the size of the firm as a driver of international activity and present a discussion of likely future trends in this market.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document