scholarly journals Physics and applications with laser-induced relativistic shock waves

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eliezer ◽  
J. M. Martinez-Val ◽  
Z. Henis ◽  
N. Nissim ◽  
S. V. Pinhasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Detonation Wave ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Relativistic Shock ◽  
Laser Acceleration ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Special Case

The laser-induced relativistic shock waves are described. The shock waves can be created directly by a high irradiance laser or indirectly by a laser acceleration of a foil that collides with a second static foil. A special case of interest is the creation of laser-induced fusion where the created alpha particles create a detonation wave. A novel application is suggested with the shock wave or the detonation wave to ignite a pre-compressed target. In particular, the deuterium–tritium fusion is considered. It is suggested that the collision of two laser accelerated foils might serve as a novel relativistic accelerator for bulk material collisions.

scholarly journals Relativistic shock waves induced by ultra-high laser pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalom Eliezer ◽  
Noaz Nissim ◽  
Erez Raicher ◽  
José Maria Martínez-Val
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Laser Irradiance ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Relativistic Shock ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
High Laser ◽  
Wave Compression ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis paper analyzes the one dimensional shock wave created in a planar target by the ponderomotive force induced by very high laser irradiance. The laser-induced relativistic shock wave parameters, such as compression, pressure, shock wave and particle flow velocities, sound velocity and temperature are calculated here for the first time in the context of relativistic hydrodynamics. For solid targets and laser irradiance of about 2 × 1024 W/cm2, the shock wave velocity is larger than 50% of the speed of light, the shock wave compression is larger than 4 (usually of the order of 10) and the targets have a pressure of the order of 1015 atmospheres. The estimated temperature can be larger than 1 MeV in energy units and therefore very excited physics (like electron positron formation) is expected in the shocked area. Although the next generation of lasers might allow obtaining relativistic shock waves in the laboratory this possibility is suggested in this paper for the first time.

On Generation of Ultra-High Pressure by Converging of Underwater Shock Waves

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Itoh ◽  
S. Kubota ◽  
S. Nagano ◽  
M. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Detonation Wave ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Underwater Shock Wave ◽  
Water Chamber ◽  
Metallic Compounds ◽  
Underwater Shock ◽  
Graph System

The characteristics of a new assembly for the shock consolidation of difficult-to-consolidate powders, such as inter-metallic compounds or ceramic materials, were investigated by both the experimental method and numerical simulation method. The assembly consists of an explosive container, a water chamber, and a powder container. Once the explosive is detonated, a detonation wave occurs and propagates, and then impinges on the water surface of the water chamber. After that, there occurs immediately an underwater shock wave in the water chamber. The underwater shock wave interacts with the wall of the chamber during its propagation so that its strength is increased by the converging effect. We used the usual shadow graph system to photograph the interaction process between detonation wave and water. We also used a Manganin piezoresistance gage to measure the converged pressure of the conical water chamber. Finally, we numerically investigated, in detail, the converging effects of the various conical water chambers on the underwater shock waves. The experimental results and the correspondingly numerical results agree quite well with each other.

NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN SUPERNOVA SHOCK WAVES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 2315-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Truran ◽  
W. D. Arnett ◽  
A. G. W. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Neutron Flux ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Stellar Envelope ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Thermonuclear Reactions ◽  
Supernova Explosions

It is generally assumed that element synthesis will take place readily under the extreme conditions believed to exist in supernova explosions. We have examined the types of thermonuclear reactions that can occur in a supernova shock wave which propagates through the stellar envelope, in which a temperature ~5 × 109 °K may occur for ~10−2 seconds. The calculations are performed using a network of nuclei connected to their neighbors by absorption or emission of neutrons, protons, alpha particles and photons (Truran et al. 1966). The results show that iron-peak elements can be produced by a supernova shock wave, but the iron-peak composition observed in nature is not produced unless some transformation of protons to neutrons has taken place in the material before the passage of the shock wave. Furthermore, a neutron flux sufficient to drive the rapid neutron-capture process is not attained under these conditions in the stellar envelope.

scholarly journals Explosion waves and shock waves III-The initiation of detonation in mixtures of ethylene and oxygen and of carbon monoxide and oxygen

1935 ◽  
Vol 152 (876) ◽  
pp. 418-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Payman ◽  
H. Titman ◽  
Jocelyn Field Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Detonation Wave ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
And Shock Waves ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Detonating Gas

This series of papers has so far dealt mainly with non-maintained or partially maintained atmospheric shock waves, and only incidentally with the fully maintained "detonation" wave. It is generally accepted that the detonation wave in an explosive gas mixture is a shock wave produced by the rapid combustion of the mixture, sufficiently intense to cause almost instantaneous ignition of the gas through which it passes, and continuous maintained by the combustion thereby started. An account of some preliminary experiments, using the "wave-speed" camera to record the movement of the flame and of the invisible shock waves in front of the flame in gas mixtures prior to detonation, has already been given by one of us. Those experiments related mainly to hydrogen-oxygen and methane-oxygen mixtures whose aptitude to detonate may be regarded as moderate, for the continuation of the work, mixtures with oxygen have again been used, but a more readily detonating gas, ethylene, was chosen. Experiments were also made with carbon monoxide, because the flame usually requires a comparatively long run before detonation is established. These two gases have the advantage, not shared by hydrogen and methane, that their predetonation flames are sufficiently actinic for good records to be obtained by direct photography for comparison with corresponding "wave-speed" records. All gas mixtures used were saturated with water vapour.

scholarly journals Ultrafast ignition with relativistic shock waves induced by high power lasers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalom Eliezer ◽  
Noaz Nissim ◽  
Shirly Vinikman Pinhasi ◽  
Erez Raicher ◽  
José Maria Martinez Val
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Radiation Pressure ◽  
Ponderomotive Force ◽  
Relativistic Hydrodynamics ◽  
Pressure Shock ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
High Power Lasers ◽  
Relativistic Shock ◽  
Wave Induced

Abstract In this paper we consider laser intensities greater than $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}10^{16}\ \mathrm{W\ cm}^{-2}$ where the ablation pressure is negligible in comparison with the radiation pressure. The radiation pressure is caused by the ponderomotive force acting mainly on the electrons that are separated from the ions to create a double layer (DL). This DL is accelerated into the target, like a piston that pushes the matter in such a way that a shock wave is created. Here we discuss two novel ideas. Firstly, the transition domain between the relativistic and non-relativistic laser-induced shock waves. Our solution is based on relativistic hydrodynamics also for the above transition domain. The relativistic shock wave parameters, such as compression, pressure, shock wave and particle flow velocities, sound velocity and rarefaction wave velocity in the compressed target, and temperature are calculated. Secondly, we would like to use this transition domain for shock-wave-induced ultrafast ignition of a pre-compressed target. The laser parameters for these purposes are calculated and the main advantages of this scheme are described. If this scheme is successful a new source of energy in large quantities may become feasible.

scholarly journals Relativistic shock waves in the laboratory

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalom Eliezer ◽  
Jose Maria Martinez Val ◽  
Shirly Vinikman Pinhasi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Ponderomotive Force ◽  
High Power Lasers ◽  
Relativistic Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Relativistic Shock ◽  
Relativistic Fluid ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractDue to the recent developments in high power lasers in the multi-petawatt domain it seems now feasible to accelerate a micro-foil to relativistic velocities. In this paper, we calculate analytically the high velocities achieved by the ponderomotive force of the irradiating laser. The accelerated foil collides with a second foil resulting in the creation of the relativistic shock waves. The density, pressure, temperature, and shock wave velocities are calculated within the context of relativistic fluid dynamics. The calculated thermodynamic parameters that are achieved in these collisions are enormous.

scholarly journals Effects of Reversed Shock Waves on Operation Mode in H2/O2 Rotating Detonation Chambers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8296
Author(s):  
Yanliang Chen ◽  
Xiangyang Liu ◽  
Jianping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Detonation Wave ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Rotating Waves ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Rotating Detonation

Operation modes are an important topic in the research of Rotating Detonation Chamber (RDC) as it can affect the stability of RDC. However, they have not been discussed in detail due to the limitation of measurement means in experiments. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanism of different operation modes by numerical simulation. In this paper, a numerical simulation for RDCs with separate injectors is carried out. Different operation modes and mode switching are analyzed. There is a series of reversed shock waves in the flow field. It was found that they have great effects on operation mode and mode switching in RDCs. A reversed shock wave can transit into a detonation wave after passing through isolated fresh gas region where fresh gas and burnt gas distribute alternatively. This shock-to-detonation transition (SDT) phenomenon will influence the ignition process, contra-rotating waves mode and mode switching in RDCs. SDT makes the number of detonation wave increases, resulting in multi-wave mode with one ignition. Moreover, quenching of detonation waves after collision and SDT after passing through isolated fresh gas region are the mechanism of contra-rotating waves mode in RDCs with separate injectors. In addition, when the inlet total temperature increases, a shock wave is easier to transit into a detonation wave. The distance that a shock wave travels before SDT decreases when temperature increases. This will result in mode switching. Therefore, SDT determines that there is a lower bound of detonation wave number.

scholarly journals Hemispherical shock wave decay in laser-matter interaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irith Gilath ◽  
Shalom Eliezer ◽  
Shalom Eliezer ◽  
Tuvia Bar
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Target Thickness ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Wave Decay ◽  
Matter Interaction ◽  
Ablation Pressure

A high-irradiance short pulsed laser was used to generate hemispherical shock waves in planar targets. A linear relationship was obtained between the laser energy for threshold spall conditions (EL) and the cubic target thickness (d): EL = 45.3d3 + 4.9, where EL is in J and d is in mm. It is found that the laser-induced ablation pressure decays with the distance to a power slightly greater than 2.

The initiation of condensed explosives by shock waves from metals

1958 ◽  
Vol 246 (1245) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Detonation Wave ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Incident Shock ◽  
Shock Strength ◽  
Solid Explosive ◽  
Condensed Explosives

When a shock wave is transmitted from a metal to a solid explosive a pure shock wave is transmitted into the explosive. The shock generally builds up to a complete detonation wave but in some cases it fails to initiate the explosive. In the former case an effective delay time in the initiation of the explosive is observed. Initiation delays have been measured in 2 in. diam. sticks of 60/40 RDX/TNT as a function of incident shock strength in mild steel and aluminium .

scholarly journals Assessment of the Parameters of a Shock Wave on the Wall of an Explosion Cavity with the Refraction of a Detonation Wave of Emulsion Explosives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3976
Author(s):  
Pavel Igorevich Afanasev ◽  
Khairullo Faizullaevich Makhmudov
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Detonation Wave ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Explosion Products ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Jouguet Point

At present, studying the parameters of shock waves at pressures up to 20 GPa entails a number of practical difficulties. In order to describe the propagation of shock waves, their initial parameters on the wall of the explosion cavity need to be known. With the determination of initial parameters, pressures in the near zone of the explosion can be calculated, and the choice of explosives can be substantiated. Therefore, developing a method for estimating shock wave parameters on an explosion cavity wall during the refraction of a detonation wave is an important problem in blast mining. This article proposes a method based on the theory of breakdown of an arbitrary discontinuity (the Riemann problem) to determine the shock wave parameters on the wall of the explosion cavity. Two possible variants of detonation wave refraction on the explosion cavity wall are described. This manuscript compares the parameters on the explosion cavity wall when using emulsion explosives with those obtained using cheap granular ANFO explosives. The detonative decomposition of emulsion explosives is also considered, and an equation of state for gaseous explosion products is proposed, which enables the estimation of detonation parameters while accounting for the incompressible volume of molecules (covolume) at the Chapman–Jouguet point.

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