emulsion explosives
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Author(s):  
G.P. Bersenev ◽  
A.V. Glebov ◽  
V.A. Kutuev

The article reviews the results of the VIII Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation "Technology and Safety of Drilling and Blasting Operations in Surface and Underground Mines of the Urals" which was held at the Ekaterinburg-EXPO Exhibition Center and the Uralasbest Industrial Complex as part of the IX Urals Mining Industry Forum and the URAL MINING' 21 Exhibition dedicated to the Year of Science and Technology in the Russian Federation and the 30th Anniversary of the Urals Mining and Industrial Association. The article also informs about the winners of the Ural Mining Award 2021 and about the research and engineering reports and presentations made during the conference and dedicated to blasting operations. Results are summarized of the visiting seminar at the Uralasbest Industrial Complex, where the Chief Engineer of Promtekhvzvzryv Company N.A. Chistyakov and General Director of the Urals Explosives Association G.P. Bersenev conducted tours to the open-pit mine, the 'Poremit' Plant - the first emulsion explosives production facility in the Urals, a bulk explosives storage, the museum and training center of the Urals Asbestos Mining and Processing Complex. Following the tours of the training center site of the Processing Complex, the second part of the conference was held, during which a number of reports were delivered. Upon completion of the seminar, the Urals Explosives Association awarded honorary certificates and valuable gifts to specialists of the Promtekhvzvzryv Company for their contribution to improvement of drilling and blasting technology and organization of labor on blasting sites. The article is concluded by a summary of the Conference's decisions.


Author(s):  
I.A. Pytalev ◽  
D.V. Domozhirov ◽  
E.E. Shvabenland ◽  
A.A. Prokhorov ◽  
V.V. Pronin

Increasing the production capacity of open-pit and strip mines while ensuring the efficiency of the mining enterprise can be achieved through enhancing the quality of rock preparation prior to excavation. The use of emulsion explosives and the transition to the high-bench technology can reduce the cost of mining operations by optimizing the drilling and blasting parameters. The article reviews methods to improve the efficiency of rock preparation for extraction based on the applicable scientific and methodological principles and it proposes a method to regulate the density of emulsion explosives. Schemes are presented for calculation of drilling and blasting parameters when implementing technical measures aimed at improving the blasting quality through rock preparation for extraction in conditions of overburden and mining operations with bench height of 15 m and higher. Parameters of drilling and blasting operations on high benches are justified with differentiation of the charge density along the length of the blast hole by controlling the delivery of the gas-generating additive. A simulation has been performed and the results of pilot tests of the emulsion explosive charge density control at the Ural deposits are presented.


Author(s):  
М.А. Пашкевич ◽  
М.А. Коротаева

Деятельность горнодобывающих предприятий неотрывно сопряжена с ведением взрывных работ. В настоящее время наиболее распространенными взрывчатыми веществами являются эмульсионные взрывчатые вещества, граммониты, амоналы, аммониты и другие взрывчатые вещества, содержащие нитрат аммония, который в процессе взрывания переходит в сточные воды в форме нитрат- и нитрит-ионов, а также ионов аммония. Превышение предельно допустимой концентрации азотных соединений в водных объектах может приводить к эвтрофикации. В результате данного процесса происходит нарушение экологического баланса водоемов, а именно увеличение численности различных гидробионтов, уменьшение прозрачности воды и содержания растворенного кислорода. Помимо этого в водоемах осуществляется преобразование нитратной формы азота в нитритную, которая негативно воздействует на нервную и сердечно-сосудистую системы человека при употреблении воды из такого водоема. На данный момент существуют физико-химические, химические и биологические методы очистки вод от азотных соединений. Использование каждого из перечисленных методов обуславливается параметрами карьерных сточных вод и требованиями, предъявляемыми к качеству очистки. Цель работы. Целью работы является обзор методов биологической очистки, которые могут применяться для удаления соединений азота из карьерных сточных вод, а также определение наиболее перспективного метода при условии большого объема образования карьерных сточных вод. Методы исследования. Методы исследования включают в себя анализ и сравнение биологических методов очистки, которые могут использоваться для удаления азотных соединений из образующихся сточных вод в карьере. Результаты работы. Рассмотрены различные виды процессов и систем, включая процесс нитрификации и денитрификации, Anammox-процесс, фито-очистные системы, биоплато, биопруды и системы микроводорослей. Приведены факторы, влияющие на эффективность работы данных процессов и систем, а также дана сравнительная характеристика с выделением достоинств и недостатков каждого из них. Наиболее предпочтительным методом биологической очистки большого объема образующихся карьерных сточных вод признан метод комплексной очистки по типу constructedwetlands с комплексным применением видов высшей и низшей растительности. The activities of mining enterprises are inextricably linked with the conduct of blasting operations. Currently, the most common explosives are emulsion explosives, grammonites, amons, ammonites and other explosives containing ammonium nitrate, which, during the blasting process, passes into wastewater in the form of nitrate and nitrite ions, as well as ammonium ions. Exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of nitrogen compounds in water bodies can lead to eutrophication. As a result of this process, there is a violation of the ecological balance of reservoirs, as well as an increase in the number of various hydrobionts, a decrease in the transparency of water and the content of dissolved oxygen. In addition, the nitrate form of nitrogen is converted into nitrite in reservoirs, which negatively affects the nervous and cardiovascular system of a person when drinking water from such a reservoir. At the moment, there are physico-chemical, chemical and biological methods of water treatment from nitrogen. The use of each of these methods is determined by parameters of quarry wastewater and the requirements for treatment quality. Aim. The aim of the work is to review the methods of biological purification that are used for nitrogen compounds from quarry wastewater. Methods. The research methods include the analysis and comparison of biological treatment methods. Results. The factors affecting the efficiency of these processes and systems are presented, as well as these comparative characteristics, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The most preferred biological treatment method of a large volume of formed quarry wastewater is the recognized methods of complex treatment according to the type of constructed wetlands with the complex use of higher and lower plant species.


Author(s):  
N.I. Akinin ◽  
◽  
A.S. Garmashov ◽  
V.V. Rudomazin ◽  
◽  
...  

The results are presented concerning improving the thermostatic method for studying the chemical compatibility of modern industrial emulsion explosives based on the ammonium nitrate with surrounding materials, the increased reactivity of which can lead to spontaneous ignition and even explosion. An assessment of the compatibility of emulsion explosives with sulphide ores was conducted using an original thermocouple methodology developed at the D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, fixation of the thermal effects of the interaction of shell-free explosives based on the ammonium nitrate with sulfide minerals. Improved thermocouple method allows to determine chemical compatibility of the industrial explosives with the reactive rocks. It is distinguished by the possibility of continuous recording of the thermocouple measurements during tests using an oscilloscope and combines the reliability of the results with small laboratory weights of the test samples (no more than 20 g, which ensures safety testing). Temperature measurement accuracy is ± 2 °С. It is concluded that the method used is able to identify the cases of the most dangerous interaction from the practice point of view using the emulsion explosives when the pyrite content in the ore exceeds 85 %. The results of experiments on the applicability of thermocouple measurements to testing low-activity rocks, highly reactive pyrite ores, mixed sulfide ores of medium activity, as well as on the identification of the main regularities of heat release during the interaction of emulsion explosives with the sulfide ores are considered.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5818
Author(s):  
Mateusz Polis ◽  
Karolina Nikolczuk ◽  
Andrzej Maranda ◽  
Agnieszka Stolarczyk ◽  
Tomasz Jarosz

The current focus on both environmental and general safety is an important issue in the field of explosives. As such, environmentally-friendly explosives, based on hydrogen peroxide (HTP) as an oxidising agent, are of significant interest. These explosives can be designed to undergo self-deactivation, denying access to them by any unlawful third parties that may attempt scavenging blasting sites for any residual energetic materials. Such deactivation also improves blasting safety, as, after a set time, misfired charges no longer pose any explosive threat. In this work, we have designed HTP-based explosive formulations that undergo deactivation after approximately 12 h. To this effect, Al powders were used both as fuels and HTP decomposition promoters. The shock wave parameters and ability to perform mechanical work of the proposed explosive formulations are comparable to those of dynamites and bulk emulsion explosives, and the details of the changes of these parameters over time are also reported.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Le Yao ◽  
Yang-Fan Cheng ◽  
Qi-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yu Xia ◽  
Fang Fang-Hu ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
V.A. Tikhonov ◽  
V.V. Radkov ◽  
T.S. Morozova

Extensive engineering experience accumulated at AZOTTECH helps the company to develop and implement new types of equipment. In conditions when capital construction and infrastructure development are not possible in hard-to-reach areas of the country, this equipment provides mobility and availability in mining operations. This article presents a new type of equipment for preparation of non-explosive components of blasting compounds, i.e. a modular mobile plant or a mini-plant. The technological process and the main associated equipment are described. Calculation of efficient fuel consumption for autonomous heat and power supply is made. Recommendations on the optimal operation modes for this type of equipment with the distribution of the workload per the main process operations are provided. The mini-plant can be optimized both in terms of cost parameters, and customer process conditions. Its efficiency is on the same level with that of a modular plant for preparation of non-explosive components of blasting compounds. The advantages of a mobile plant offer more application possibilities in any mining conditions. The use of mini-plants will help not only large operations, but also small service companies to increase their competitiveness and reduce costs when planning blasting operations already at the beginning of the construction phase of hazardous production facilities, and in certain cases to avoid construction of large-size complexes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3976
Author(s):  
Pavel Igorevich Afanasev ◽  
Khairullo Faizullaevich Makhmudov

At present, studying the parameters of shock waves at pressures up to 20 GPa entails a number of practical difficulties. In order to describe the propagation of shock waves, their initial parameters on the wall of the explosion cavity need to be known. With the determination of initial parameters, pressures in the near zone of the explosion can be calculated, and the choice of explosives can be substantiated. Therefore, developing a method for estimating shock wave parameters on an explosion cavity wall during the refraction of a detonation wave is an important problem in blast mining. This article proposes a method based on the theory of breakdown of an arbitrary discontinuity (the Riemann problem) to determine the shock wave parameters on the wall of the explosion cavity. Two possible variants of detonation wave refraction on the explosion cavity wall are described. This manuscript compares the parameters on the explosion cavity wall when using emulsion explosives with those obtained using cheap granular ANFO explosives. The detonative decomposition of emulsion explosives is also considered, and an equation of state for gaseous explosion products is proposed, which enables the estimation of detonation parameters while accounting for the incompressible volume of molecules (covolume) at the Chapman–Jouguet point.


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