High-speed visualization of vortical cavitation using synchrotron radiation

High-speed X-ray phase-contrast imaging of the cavitating flow developing within an axisymmetric throttle orifice has been conducted using high-flux synchrotron radiation. A white X-ray beam with energy of 6 keV was utilized to visualize the highly turbulent flow at 67 890 frames per second with an exposure time of 347 ns. The working medium employed was commercial diesel fuel at flow conditions characterized by Reynolds and cavitation numbers in the range of 18 000–35 500 and 1.6–7.7, respectively. Appropriate post-processing of the obtained side-view radiographs enabled the detailed illustration of the interface topology of the arising vortical cavity. In addition, the visualization temporal and spatial resolution allowed the correlation of the prevailing flow conditions to the periodicity of cavitation onset and collapse, to the magnitude of the underlying vortical motion, as well as to the local turbulence intensity.

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High-speed synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast imaging for evaluating microscale damage mechanisms and tracking cracking behaviors inside cross-ply GFRCs

Composites Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108814 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108814

Author(s):

Jinling Gao ◽

Nesredin Kedir ◽

Cody Kirk ◽

Julio Hernandez ◽

Junyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Damage Mechanisms ◽

X Ray

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Synchrotron Radiation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging of the aortic walls in acute aortic dissection

JVS: Vascular Science ◽

10.1016/j.jvssci.2020.06.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 81-91

Author(s):

Koki Yokawa ◽

Masato Hoshino ◽

Naoto Yagi ◽

Yutaka Nakashima ◽

Kazunori Nakagawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Aortic Dissection ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Acute Aortic Dissection ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

X Ray

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ULTRAFAST X-RAY PHASE CONTRAST IMAGING OF A GASLESS REACTIVE SYSTEM USING 3RD GENERATION SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

10.1063/1.3295154 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

R. V. Reeves ◽

J. D. E. White ◽

E. M. Dufresne ◽

K. Fezzaa ◽

S. F. Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Reactive System ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

X Ray

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X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging of Liquid Film and Spray Development Inside an Aircraft Engine Swirler

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4045217 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 141 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Brandon A. Sforzo ◽

Alan L. Kastengren ◽

Katarzyna E. Matusik ◽

Felipe Gomez del Campo ◽

Christopher F. Powell

Keyword(s):

Liquid Film ◽

High Speed ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Air Flow ◽

High Energy ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Spray Cone ◽

Validation Data ◽

X Ray

Abstract Modern aircraft engines combine liquid fuel and air using an intricate flow device with many fuel and air flow passages. To date, the process by which the fuel atomizes within this swirler set has not been examined directly due to optical access limitations. In this work, high-speed X-ray phase-contrast imaging of a liquid spray inside a gas turbine engine swirler geometry is presented. Measurements were carried out at the 7-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory using the high-energy broadband X-ray beam. The synchrotron X-ray source provides the necessary photon energy and flux to capture time-resolved fluid phenomena within the confines of the relevant geometry while liquid and air are flowing. Spray nozzle hardware and geometries were provided by the National Jet Fuels Combustion Program (NJFCP), allowing for characterization of the spray using a commercially relevant configuration. Modified swirlers were three-dimensional printed with acrylic to improve imaging access while maintaining influential internal features. Water was used as a surrogate fluid for these studies to demonstrate the visualization capabilities. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric exit pressure conditions with a pressure drop of 6% across the swirler. High-speed imaging of the pilot spray cone revealed sheet breakup several millimeters downstream of the orifice exit, upon interaction with the radial assist air flow. These droplets and ligaments were observed to impinge on the inner filming surface of the swirler and flow toward the exit while developing a tangential flow. Under these conditions, the liquid film grows up to several hundred microns in thickness on the filming surface, and subsequently forms ligaments up to several millimeters in length before breaking up. This work demonstrates the capability of X-ray diagnostics in visualizing liquid flows within solid geometries of technical relevance. Furthermore, the spatial quantification of filming flows and liquid interaction with the swirler air provides validation data for modeling of the multiphase flows and surface interactions within the swirler.

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Multiscale X-ray phase contrast imaging of human cartilage for investigating osteoarthritis formation

Journal of Biomedical Science ◽

10.1186/s12929-021-00739-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Annie Horng ◽

Johannes Stroebel ◽

Tobias Geith ◽

Stefan Milz ◽

Alexandra Pacureanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Human Cartilage ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Architectural Organization

Abstract Background The evolution of cartilage degeneration is still not fully understood, partly due to its thinness, low radio-opacity and therefore lack of adequately resolving imaging techniques. X-ray phase-contrast imaging (X-PCI) offers increased sensitivity with respect to standard radiography and CT allowing an enhanced visibility of adjoining, low density structures with an almost histological image resolution. This study examined the feasibility of X-PCI for high-resolution (sub-) micrometer analysis of different stages in tissue degeneration of human cartilage samples and compare it to histology and transmission electron microscopy. Methods Ten 10%-formalin preserved healthy and moderately degenerated osteochondral samples, post-mortem extracted from human knee joints, were examined using four different X-PCI tomographic set-ups using synchrotron radiation the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (France) and the Swiss Light Source (Switzerland). Volumetric datasets were acquired with voxel sizes between 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.7 and 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 µm3. Data were reconstructed by a filtered back-projection algorithm, post-processed by ImageJ, the WEKA machine learning pixel classification tool and VGStudio max. For correlation, osteochondral samples were processed for histology and transmission electron microscopy. Results X-PCI provides a three-dimensional visualization of healthy and moderately degenerated cartilage samples down to a (sub-)cellular level with good correlation to histologic and transmission electron microscopy images. X-PCI is able to resolve the three layers and the architectural organization of cartilage including changes in chondrocyte cell morphology, chondrocyte subgroup distribution and (re-)organization as well as its subtle matrix structures. Conclusions X-PCI captures comprehensive cartilage tissue transformation in its environment and might serve as a tissue-preserving, staining-free and volumetric virtual histology tool for examining and chronicling cartilage behavior in basic research/laboratory experiments of cartilage disease evolution.

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MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation

Optics Express ◽

10.1364/oe.25.013857 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 13857 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Margie P. Olbinado ◽

Xavier Just ◽

Jean-Louis Gelet ◽

Pierre Lhuissier ◽

Mario Scheel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Frame Rate ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

X Ray

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Three-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron RadiationThree-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron Radiation

10.21203/rs.2.23423/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qiang Tao ◽

Chen-Chen Gao ◽

Xue-Hong Tong ◽

Shizhen Yuan ◽

Tian-tian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Image Resolution ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Rat Stomach ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

X Ray ◽

3 Dimensional

Abstract Objectives This article shows an imaging method of the stomach that does not use imaging agents. X-ray phase-contrast images of different stages of gastric development were taken using X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (XILPCI). The aim of the study was to demonstrate that XILPCI is a micron imaging method for gastric structures. Methods The stomachs of 4-, 6- and 12-week-old rats were removed and cleaned. XILPCI has 1000 times greater soft tissue contrast than that of X-ray traditional absorption radiography. The projection images of the rats’ stomachs were recorded by an XILPCI charge coupled device (CCD) at 9 μm image resolution. Results The X-ray in-line phase-contrast images of the different stages of rat gastric specimens clearly showed the gastric architectures and the details of the gastroduodenal region. 3-dimensional stomach anatomical structure images were reconstruction. Conclusion The reconstructed gastric 3D images can clearly display the internal structure of the stomach. XILPCI may be a useful method for medical research in the future. Keywords: Synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging, 3-dimensional gastric structure images

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High speed synchrotron x-ray phase contrast imaging of dynamic material response to split Hopkinson bar loading

Review of Scientific Instruments ◽

10.1063/1.4789780 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 025102 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

M. Hudspeth ◽

B. Claus ◽

S. Dubelman ◽

J. Black ◽

A. Mondal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Hopkinson Bar ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Material Response ◽

X Ray ◽

Split Hopkinson Bar ◽

Split Hopkinson

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In situ observation of fracture processes in high-strength concretes and limestone using high-speed X-ray phase-contrast imaging

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2016.0178 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 375 (2085) ◽

pp. 20160178 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Niranjan D. Parab ◽

Zherui Guo ◽

Matthew Hudspeth ◽

Benjamin Claus ◽

Boon Him Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Loading ◽

High Speed ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

High Strength ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

In Situ Observation ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

X Ray ◽

Reactive Powder

The mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of geomaterials and construction materials such as concrete are reported to be dependent on the loading rates. However, the in situ cracking inside such specimens cannot be visualized using traditional optical imaging methods since the materials are opaque. In this study, the in situ sub-surface failure/damage mechanisms in Cor-Tuf (a reactive powder concrete), a high-strength concrete (HSC) and Indiana limestone under dynamic loading were investigated using high-speed synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast imaging. Dynamic compressive loading was applied using a modified Kolsky bar and fracture images were recorded using a synchronized high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging set-up. Three-dimensional synchrotron X-ray tomography was also performed to record the microstructure of the specimens before dynamic loading. In the Cor-Tuf and HSC specimens, two different modes of cracking were observed: straight cracking or angular cracking with respect to the direction of loading. In limestone, cracks followed the grain boundaries and voids, ultimately fracturing the specimen. Cracks in HSC were more tortuous than the cracks in Cor-Tuf specimens. The effects of the microstructure on the observed cracking behaviour are discussed. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.

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