Helminth communities ofNectomys squamipesnaturally infected by the exotic trematodeSchistosoma mansoniin southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maldonado Júnior ◽  
R. Gentile ◽  
C.C. Fernandes-Moraes ◽  
P.S. D'Andrea ◽  
R.M. Lanfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Subadult Female

AbstractThe water ratNectomys squamipesis endemic in Brazil and found naturally infected withSchistosoma mansoni. Helminth communities, their prevalences, intensity of infection and abundance inN. squamipesin an endemic area of schistosomiasis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied. Four species of nematodes (Physaloptera bispiculata, Syphacia venteli,Hassalstrongylus epsilonandLitomosoides chagasfilhoi) were recovered in 85.3%, two trematodes (Schistosoma mansoniandEchinostoma paraensei) in 38.8% and one cestode species (Raillietinasp.) in 1.7% of rats examined. Rats were infected with up to five helminth species each, and these were highly aggregated in distribution. ForH. epsilonandS. venteli, intensities and abundances were higher in adult male and subadult female hosts, respectively.Hassaltrongylus epsilon,P. bispiculata,S. venteliandS. mansoniwere classified as dominant species,L. chagasfilhoiandE. paraenseias co-dominant andRaillietinasp. as subordinated. No significant correlation was found in the intensity of infecton between each pair of helminth species.Schistosoma mansoniwas not related to any other helminth species according to their infection rates, althougthS. mansoniwas well established in the natural helminth comunity of the water rat.

scholarly journals Helminth community structure of the oven frog Leptodactylus latinasus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Corrientes, Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hamann ◽  
Cynthya González ◽  
Arturo Kehr
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Component Community ◽  
The City ◽  
Host Body Size

AbstractA total of 36 adult individuals of Leptodactylus latinasus were collected near the city of Corrientes, Province of Corrientes in Argentina. The main goals of this study were: (1) to determine the helminth parasite fauna of L. latinasus; (2) to determine the richness and diversity of parasites at the component and infracommunity levels; (3) to analyze the relationships between helminth, frog body size and sex, and (4) to identify and examine species affinity of helminth communities. The helminth component community of this frog’s population consisted of 17 species. The predominant groups of parasites were the trematodes (adults: Glypthelmins repandum, Catadiscus inopinatus and Haematoloechus longiplexus; larvae: Travtrema aff. stenocotyle, Bursotrema aff. tetracotyloides, Styphlodora sp., unknown opisthogonimid species, Petasiger sp. and unknown strigeid species), followed by the nematodes (Cosmocerca podicipinus, C. parva, C. rara, C. cruzi, Schrankiana schranki and Aplectana hylambatis); other groups of parasites were represented by only one species (unknown larval cestode species and Centrorhynchus sp.). All parasite helminth species showed an aggregated pattern of distribution. The most infected organs were kidneys, small intestine, large intestine and pharyngeal zone. The host body size was important in determining the parasites abundance of G. repandum. At the level of component community G. repandum was the species with highest prevalence of infection and Bursotrema aff. tetracotyloides was the dominant species. Helminth species showed four significant pairs of covariation and two significant pairs of association in the infracommunities of Leptodactylus latinasus.

scholarly journals Prevalence of helminth parasites in free-range chickens from selected rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mukaratirwa ◽  
M.P. Khumalo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count

A total of 79 chickens were randomly collected from 4 rural localities and processed to detect the presence of helminth parasites and their prevalences. Sixteen helminth species comprising 12 nematode and 4 cestode species were recorded from the 4 localities. Syngamus trachea and Cyathostoma spp. were the only helminth species recovered from the respiratory tract and the rest of the helminth species were from the gastrointestinal tract. The most prevalent nematode species across the 4 localities were Heterakis gallinarum (prevalence range 80-94.4 %), Gongylonema ingluvicola (43.3-86.7 %), Tetrameres americana (53.3-66.7 %) and Ascaridia galli (22.2-43.8 %) and for cestode species, Raillietina tetragona(16.7-40 %) and Skrijabinia cesticillus (3.3-13.3 %) were the most prevalent in that order.Heterakis gallinarum and T. americana had the highest intensity of infection in chickens acrossall the rural areas compared with other helminth species. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) observed in the sex distribution for As. galli, Baruscapillaria obsignata (syn. Capillaria obsignata), Eucoleus annulatus (syn. Capillaria annulata), Eucoleus contortus (syn. Capillaria contorta) and Subulura suctoria among the 4 rural areas. However, a significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the intensity of infection of both males and females for H. gallinarum and T. americana across the 4 localities studied. Tetrameres americana, A. galli, C. obsignata and C. annulata had prevalence and number of females higher than that of males, while H. gallinarum showed the opposite. Prevalence of H. gallinarum and T. americana as determined by faecal egg count were much lower compared with the prevalence as determined by post mortem examination, confirming the limitation of using faecal samples in determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in chickens.

Helminth communities of the barbel Barbus barbus from large river systems in Austria

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Laimgruber ◽  
C. Schludermann ◽  
R. Konecny ◽  
A. Chovanec
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Large River ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Pomphorhynchus Laevis ◽  
Barbus Barbus ◽  
Helminth Communities

AbstractThe composition and diversity of the total and intestinal component endohelminth communities were determined in the cyprinid barbel from three study areas in two large river systems in Austria. Two sample sites in the Danube and one site in the River Drau are the only free flowing stretches of these rivers in Austria. Nine helminth species were identified, with the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis being dominant in the Danube, with up to 100% prevalence. In the Drau, where the dominant species was the cestode Bathybothrium rectangulum, species diversity was higher than in the Danube.

scholarly journals The prevalence and intensity of infection with helminth parasites in Mus spretus from the Setubal Peninsula of Portugal

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
C. Barnard ◽  
J. L. Hurst ◽  
P. K. McGregor ◽  
F. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Stomach Musculature

AbstractThe results of a 5 year study of helminth parasites of Mus spretus, are reported. Six nematode and 5 cestode species were identified but no helminth showed 100% prevalence in M. spretus, the most commonly encountered nematode and cestode species being Syphacia obvelata (46·6%) and Taenia taeniaeformis (22·4%). Among the more unusual helminth species identified was Eucoleus bacillatus, a capillariid nematode inhabiting the stomach musculature. This species was identified in 3 of the 5 years of the study. The results are discussed in the broader context of previous studies and the epidemiology of rodent helminth infections in general.

Helminth communities of two sympatric skinks (Mabuya agilis and Mabuya macrorhyncha ) from two ‘restinga’ habitats in southeastern Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vrcibradic ◽  
C.F.D. Rocha ◽  
C.R. Bursey ◽  
J.J. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Helminth Communities

AbstractThe helminth fauna of two sympatric congeneric skinks (Mabuya agilis and M. macrorhyncha) from two distinct ‘restinga’ habitats (Praia das Neves and Grussaí) in southeastern Brazil were studied, totalling four data sets (sample sizes ranging from 11 to 28). A total of ten helminth species were associated with the skinks: Raillietiella sp., Paradistomum parvissimum, Pulchrosomoides elegans, Oochoristica ameivae, Hexametra boddaertii, parapharyngodon sceleratus, Physalopteroides venancioi, Physaloptera sp., an unidentified acuariid nematode and an unidentified centrorhynchid acanthocephalan. Except for Hexametra boddaertii (found only in Grussaí) and Pulchrosomoides elegans (found only in Praia das Neves), all helminth species were present at both localities. Half of the helminth species were present only as larvae and, in most cases, appear to represent paratenic parasitism. Overall prevalences of infection were high for both host species in both localities. Mabuya agilis tended to have richer and more diverse infracommunities than M. macrorhyncha. Some parameters of infection by individual helminth species seem to be related to the ecology of each Mabuya species. The parasite faunas were qualitatively very similar among species and/or localities, but quantitative similarities were more varied, due to differential representativeness of individual helminth species among host populations. The helminth communities of both skink species can be classified as non-interactive, being composed of site-specialists and immature stages of non-lizard parasites.

scholarly journals Endoparasitic helminths of water frog complex in Poland: do differences exist between the parental species Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax lessonae, and their natural hybrid Pelophylax esculentus?

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Popiołek ◽  
B. Rozenblut-Kościsty ◽  
M. Kot ◽  
W. Nosal ◽  
M. Ogielska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
Pelophylax Ridibundus ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Pelophylax Esculentus ◽  
Cosmocerca Ornata

AbstractParasitic fauna of water frogs was mainly studied in the second half of the 20th century. However, these studies were done without differentiation into species and hybrids and pooled the 3 taxa as “water frogs” or “green frogs”. The aim of this study was to make an inventory of helminth species as well as their prevalence and intensity of infection in the two parental species (Pelophylax ridibundus and P. lessonae) and the hybrid (P. esculentus) of water frogs from 3 big populations composed of hundreds or thousands of individuals inhabited natural and seminatural landscapes in Poland. Eight helminth species were found: Polystoma integerrimum, Diplodiscus subclavatus, Opisthoglyphe ranae, Gorgodera cygnoides, Haematoloechus variegatus, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and Acanthocephalus ranae. The results were compared with data from other, polish and European studies. Additionally we compared the level of infection among water frog taxa.

scholarly journals Behaviour of albino and melanic variants of Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Mollusca: Planorbidae) following infection by Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM. Allegretti ◽  
JF. Carvalho ◽  
LA. Magalhães ◽  
EM. Zanotti-Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Belo Horizonte

The behaviour of the albino and melanic variants of Biomphalaria glabrata of Belo Horizonte (MG. Brazil) was studied comparatively, in terms of their respective susceptibilities to infection by Schistosoma mansoni of the same origin, through observation of the elimination of cercariae for a three-month period and the calculation of mortality and infection rates, in control and in infected snails. The number of amoebocytes, granulocytes and hyalinocytes in the circulating hemolymph during different periods of infection was analyzed. The evolution of the infection in the tissues was observed by means of histological cross-sections. The melanic variant showed greater susceptibility to infection and a higher mortality rate. The albino variant showed a higher number of circulating amoebocytes, both granulocytes and hyalinocytes. A higher number of degenerated sporocysts were seen in the histological cross-sections of the albino variant. The results suggest that the melanic variant of B. glabrata was more susceptible to infection by S. mansoni than was the albino variant.

Tapeworm larvae in Artemia franciscana (Crustacea: Anostraca) in the Godolphin lakes of Dubai (United Arab Emirates) throughout an annual cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivakumar ◽  
K. Hyland ◽  
R.K. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Brine Shrimps

AbstractA total of 1840 brine shrimps (Artemia franciscana) were examined for cestode larvae at monthly intervals between November 2015 and June 2016. Of these, 663 (36.03%) specimens were infected with cysticercoids of seven cestode species in numbers between one and sixteen. During the first four months of examination, the percentage of infected shrimps was low but rose significantly with increasing temperatures in March, reaching maximum values in May. Flamingolepis liguloides and Flamingolepis flamingo showed the highest prevalence overall, at 25.3 and 10.7%, respectively. The intensity of infection was 1–10 and 1–4 cysticercoids, respectively. Eurycestus avoceti, Wardium stellorae, Gynandrotaenia stammeri, Anomotaenia tringae and Confluaria podicipina occurred at lower prevalence of 4.5, 3.2, 1.7, 0.3 and 0.05%, respectively. Up to four species were detected in one host.

Gill ectoparasite assemblages of two non-native Cichla populations (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in Brazilian reservoirs

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. Yamada ◽  
L.N. Santos ◽  
R.M. Takemoto
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
Invasion Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Peacock Bass

AbstractThe gills of 41 Cichla piquiti and 39 C. kelberi from Itaipu and Lajes reservoirs, respectively, Brazil, were examined to describe the ectoparasite assemblages of these two non-native peacock-bass populations. All ectoparasite species of the two studied hosts (C. piquiti and C. kelberi) were dominant, but Ascocotyle sp. (metacercariae) was the prevalent (58.53%) and most abundant helminth species in C. piquiti hosts, while Sciadicleithrum ergensi was the dominant species in C. kelberi hosts. Gill ectoparasites of C. piquiti and C. kelberi showed a typical pattern of overdispersion or aggregation, which is commonly reported for many other freshwater fishes. Ectoparasite prevalence and abundance did not vary between host sexes of the two Cichla populations. The prevalence and abundance of Ascocotyle sp. were positively correlated with C. piquiti standard length (SL), but only the abundance of S. ergensi showed a positive correlation with C. kelberi SL. Although environmental differences between reservoirs might also have influenced the results, we anticipated that the presence of a close congener in Itaipu reservoir and the lack of other Cichla species in Lajes reservoir were the key factors to explain the contrasts between C. piquiti and C. kelberi gill ectoparasites. Overall, our results suggest that the trend of parasite species loss through the invasion process may have contributed to the establishment of non-native C. piquiti and C. kelberi populations in Brazilian reservoirs.

scholarly journals Experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni of Biomphalaria straminea from different parts of the Northeast of Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Malek ◽  
M. Z. Rouquayrol
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
The State ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Biomphalaria Straminea ◽  
Albino Strain ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Parts

In the western part of the State of Bahia Biomphalaria straminea and B. glabrata both occur, but in the majority of cases they do not share the same habitat. In the State of Ceará, however, B. straminea is the sole snail host of Schistosoma mansoni. In this survey, no naturally infected B. straminea was found among snails collected from Bahia and Ceará, evidently because of the very low infection rates. The susceptibility of laboratory-reared specimens to infection with a Puerto Rican strain of S. mansoni was then tested experimentally. In general, the snails showed very low susceptibility. The infection rates were 1.1% among snails from Redenção (Ceará); 2.3% in those from Pentecoste (Ceará); 2.9% in snails from São Desidério (Bahia), while they were very high among an albino strain (NIH) of B. glabrata used as control. Another group of B. straminea from São Desidério was exposed to a Bahian strain of S. mansoni and the infection rate was still very low (3.6%) Apparently, the very low susceptibility of B. straminea, despite high snail density, is correlated with moderate infection rates with S. mansoni among humans, as shown by the results of stool examinations conducted by SUCAM in the municipalities of Redenção and Pentecoste, in Ceará.

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