scholarly journals Helminth community structure of the oven frog Leptodactylus latinasus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Corrientes, Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hamann ◽  
Cynthya González ◽  
Arturo Kehr
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Component Community ◽  
The City ◽  
Host Body Size

AbstractA total of 36 adult individuals of Leptodactylus latinasus were collected near the city of Corrientes, Province of Corrientes in Argentina. The main goals of this study were: (1) to determine the helminth parasite fauna of L. latinasus; (2) to determine the richness and diversity of parasites at the component and infracommunity levels; (3) to analyze the relationships between helminth, frog body size and sex, and (4) to identify and examine species affinity of helminth communities. The helminth component community of this frog’s population consisted of 17 species. The predominant groups of parasites were the trematodes (adults: Glypthelmins repandum, Catadiscus inopinatus and Haematoloechus longiplexus; larvae: Travtrema aff. stenocotyle, Bursotrema aff. tetracotyloides, Styphlodora sp., unknown opisthogonimid species, Petasiger sp. and unknown strigeid species), followed by the nematodes (Cosmocerca podicipinus, C. parva, C. rara, C. cruzi, Schrankiana schranki and Aplectana hylambatis); other groups of parasites were represented by only one species (unknown larval cestode species and Centrorhynchus sp.). All parasite helminth species showed an aggregated pattern of distribution. The most infected organs were kidneys, small intestine, large intestine and pharyngeal zone. The host body size was important in determining the parasites abundance of G. repandum. At the level of component community G. repandum was the species with highest prevalence of infection and Bursotrema aff. tetracotyloides was the dominant species. Helminth species showed four significant pairs of covariation and two significant pairs of association in the infracommunities of Leptodactylus latinasus.

scholarly journals First study on the helminth community structure of the neotropical marsupial Metachirus myosuros (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Silva Cirino ◽  
Sócrates Fraga da Costa Neto ◽  
Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior ◽  
Rosana Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Host Body Size

Abstract Metachirus myosuros is a marsupial species widely distributed in South America. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about its helminth parasites and helminth community structure. The aims of this study were to describe the species composition and determine the parasitological parameters of helminth communities of M. myosuros in preserved areas of the Atlantic Forest, Igrapiúna, Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. Parasites were searched from 19 specimens of this marsupial (18 were infected with at least one species), counted and identified. Ten species of helminth parasites were obtained: 7 nematodes, 2 platyhelminths and 1 acanthocephalan. The most abundant species were Aspidodera raillieti, Cruzia tentaculata, Physaloptera mirandai and Viannaia conspicua (Nematoda). These species were also the only dominant ones in the component community. Male hosts had higher prevalence of P. mirandai and greater abundance of V. conspicua. We observed a relationship between host body size and helminth abundance in both male and female hosts, and between host body size and helminth species richness in female hosts. This was the first study to analyze the helminth fauna and helminth community structure of M. myosuros. This was the first report of occurrences of A. raillieti and Didelphonema longispiculata in M. myosuros.

Helminth communities ofNectomys squamipesnaturally infected by the exotic trematodeSchistosoma mansoniin southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maldonado Júnior ◽  
R. Gentile ◽  
C.C. Fernandes-Moraes ◽  
P.S. D'Andrea ◽  
R.M. Lanfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Subadult Female

AbstractThe water ratNectomys squamipesis endemic in Brazil and found naturally infected withSchistosoma mansoni. Helminth communities, their prevalences, intensity of infection and abundance inN. squamipesin an endemic area of schistosomiasis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied. Four species of nematodes (Physaloptera bispiculata, Syphacia venteli,Hassalstrongylus epsilonandLitomosoides chagasfilhoi) were recovered in 85.3%, two trematodes (Schistosoma mansoniandEchinostoma paraensei) in 38.8% and one cestode species (Raillietinasp.) in 1.7% of rats examined. Rats were infected with up to five helminth species each, and these were highly aggregated in distribution. ForH. epsilonandS. venteli, intensities and abundances were higher in adult male and subadult female hosts, respectively.Hassaltrongylus epsilon,P. bispiculata,S. venteliandS. mansoniwere classified as dominant species,L. chagasfilhoiandE. paraenseias co-dominant andRaillietinasp. as subordinated. No significant correlation was found in the intensity of infecton between each pair of helminth species.Schistosoma mansoniwas not related to any other helminth species according to their infection rates, althougthS. mansoniwas well established in the natural helminth comunity of the water rat.

Composition and structure of helminth communities in eels Anguilla anguilla from Italian coastal lagoons

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Kennedy ◽  
D. Di Cave ◽  
F. Berrilli ◽  
P. Orecchia
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure

AbstractThe composition and diversity of total and intestinal helminth component and infracommunities were determined in eels Anguilla anguilla from four shallow coastal lagoons near Rome. The lagoons differed principally in respect of their salinity. Only Lake Burano still received an input of freshwater, and both freshwater and marine helminth species were found in eels. In the other three lagoons all helminth species were marine or euryhaline and communities were dominated by digeneans. At component community level these three lagoons were far more similar to each other than to Lake Burano, but this distinction almost disappeared at infracommunity level. Species richness and diversity declined with increasing salinity at component community level but not at infracommunity level. Despite the changes and differences in helminth community composition, intestinal helminth infracommunity structure was very similar in all four lagoons and to that in eels from freshwater localities in Britain. The findings thus provide further and unexpected support for the view that some factor(s) other than supply side ones must be operating to produce the fundamental structural similarity in helminth communities in eels.

Helminths infecting the parthenogenetic whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus nativo in a restinga habitat of Bahia State, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Menezes ◽  
D. Vrcibradic ◽  
J.J. Vicente ◽  
G.F. Dutra ◽  
C.F.D. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
North America ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Records ◽  
Host Body Size

AbstractA sample of 101 specimens of the unisexual whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus nativo (Squamata; Teiidae) from a coastal site in Bahia State, Brazil were examined for the presence of endoparasites. Of these, 35 (34.7%) harboured helminths. Six helminth species were recovered from C. nativo, including five nematodes (Physaloptera retusa, Physalopteroides venancioi, Subulura lacertilia, Skrjabinelazia intermedia and Parapharyngodon sp., and one cestode (Oochoristica ameivae), all representing new host records. Most lizards were infected by a single species of helminth and none by more than three. Infection rates were neither significantly influenced by host body size nor by environmental factors. The results are compared with data from studies on other whiptail species in both South and North America.

Spatial variation in helminth community structure in the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufaL.): effects of definitive host density

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CALVETE ◽  
J. A. BLANCO-AGUIAR ◽  
E. VIRGÓS ◽  
S. CABEZAS-DÍAZ ◽  
R. VILLAFUERTE
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Community ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Abundance Index ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Parasite Communities

Parasite community ecology has recently focused on understanding the forces structuring these communities. There are few surveys, however, designed to study the spatial repeatability and predictability of parasite communities at the local scale in one host. The purpose of our study was to address the relationship between infracommunity and component community richness, and to describe spatial variations on the local scale, of helminth parasite communities in an avian host, the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa). We sampled 235 wild partridges from 8 separate localities, with different partridge population densities, in the Ciudad Real and Toledo provinces of central Spain, and we determined their overall and intestinal helminth species. We found that habitat variables (mean temperature and land use) were not significantly associated with any component community. The partridge population abundance index was directly correlated with the prevalence and mean intensity of infection but not with component community species richness. There was a curvilinear relationship between infracommunity and component community species richness, as well as negative interspecific associations, for the helminth species assemblage parasitizing the intestine. A nestedness/anti-nestedness pattern, considered as part of a continuum, was associated with prevalence, mean intensity and partridge population abundance index, but not with component community richness. Increases in the partridge population abundance index and the prevalence and mean intensity of infection were associated with increases in helminth community nestedness. Although negative interactions between helminth species could not be ruled out as forces structuring helminth communities, our results suggest that parasite community structure in the red-legged partridge was primarily determined by the extrinsic influence of parasite habitat heterogeneity and its amplification of the differing probabilities of colonization of parasite species.

Helminth communities in the burrowing toad, Rhinella fernandezae, from Northeastern Argentina

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hamann ◽  
Arturo Kehr ◽  
Cynthya González
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Host Body Size

AbstractThe main goals of this study were to determine the richness and diversity of helminth parasites of Rhinella fernandezae at the component and infracommunity levels and determine the ecological implications of different biotic and abiotic factors. Specimens were collected near the city of Corrientes, Corrientes Province, Argentina. Prevalence of infection was 94% in the specimens examined (n = 65). The helminth component community in R. fernandezae in this area was comprised a total of 22 species. Of all helminth species, only three (Catadiscus inopinatus, Cosmocerca podicipinus and C. parva) were dominant (importance value: I > 1.0) in the community. The most abundant species were B. tetracotyloides (d = 0.43) among the larvae and C. podicipinus (d = 0.09) among adult worms. At the infracommunity level, the mean individual species richness (2.28 ± 1.48) (mean ± SD) was no more than 3 helminth species per infected host; the diversity and equitability of helminths were 0.23 ± 0.21 and 0.48 ± 0.38, respectively. The host body size was the main factor in determining the parasite abundance. Species richness was significantly and positively correlated with host body size. The parasite helminth species predominantly showed an overdispersed pattern of distribution. Helminth species showed two negative and significant pairs of covariation and one significant pair of association (P < 0.05). R. fernandezae has a wide variety of parasites relating to the host microhabitat, mobility and feeding habits.

Influence of social status on the helminth community of late-winter mallards

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1937-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Gray ◽  
Paul N. Gray ◽  
Danny B. Pence
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Males And Females

The influence of body condition, molting status, sex, and pairing status on the helminth community at the component community level (all parasites in all individuals of a given host species in a defined geographic region) of an infrapopulation of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) wintering on the Southern High Plains of Texas was examined. From a data matrix of 45 mallards (15 pairs and 15 unpaired males), pairing status was the most important variable that accounted for significant differences in helminth abundances. In six of 15 common helminth species (Sobolevicanthus gracilis, Microsomacanthus hopkinsi, Amidostomum acutum, Capillaria anatis, Capillaria contorta, and Epomidiostomum uncinatum), abundances were significantly higher in unpaired males than in paired birds. Abundance of only one of 15 helminth species (E. uncinatum) differed significantly between paired males and females. The significantly higher helminth abundances of unpaired males may be due to their potentially more gregarious and mobile behavior, which increases their exposure to certain helminth species. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating social status in experimental designs involving waterfowl.

scholarly journals Helminths of the Marbled Goby (Pomatoschistus Marmoratus) a Mediterranean Immigrant in the Black Sea Fauna

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. e-25-e-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Kvach
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Great Tendency ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites

Helminths of the Marbled Goby (Pomatoschistus Marmoratus) a Mediterranean Immigrant in the Black Sea FaunaThe marbled goby,Pomatoschistus marmoratus(Risso, 1810), the Mediterranean immigrant in the Black Sea fauna, was examined for the metazoan parasites. In total, 12 parasite species were found to occurre. The component community consists of 7 trematode species, two nematodes, two acanthocephalans, and one cestode species. Two parasite species (Aphalloides coelomicolaandDichelyne minutus) were represented by both adults and larvae, four parasite species were presented by adults (Asymphylodora pontica, Paratimonia gobii, Acanthocephaloides propinquus, andTelosentis exiguus), and six species were presented by larvae (Bothriocephalus gregarius, Cryptocotyle concavum, C. lingua, Pygidiopsis genata, Timoniella imbutiforme, andContracaecum microcephalum).T. imbutiformehas the great tendency to join the infracommunity. The core of parasite fauna of the marbled goby consists of two specialists,A. coelomicolaandP. gobii, which immigrated to the Black Sea together with their hosts. The co-immigration is a result of co-evolution of the parasites' and host's life cycles.

Explaining variability in parasite aggregation levels among host samples

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Parasite Aggregation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Host Body Size

SUMMARYAggregated distributions among individual hosts are a defining feature of metazoan parasite populations. Heterogeneity among host individuals in exposure to parasites or in susceptibility to infection is thought to be the main factor generating aggregation, with properties of parasites themselves explaining some of the variability in aggregation levels observed among species. Here, using data from 410 samples of helminth parasites on fish hosts, I tested the contribution of (i) within-sample variation in host body size, taken as a proxy for variability in host susceptibility, and (ii) parasite taxon and developmental stage, to the aggregated distribution of parasites. Log-transformed variance in numbers of parasites per host was regressed against log mean number across all samples; the strong relationship (r2 = 0·88) indicated that aggregation levels are tightly constrained by mean infection levels, and that only a small proportion of the observed variability in parasite aggregation levels remains to be accounted for by other factors. Using the residuals of this regression as measures of ‘unexplained’ aggregation, a mixed effects model revealed no significant effect of within-sample variation in host body size or of parasite taxon or stage (i.e. juvenile versus adult) on parasite aggregation level within a sample. However, much of the remaining variability in parasite aggregation levels among samples was accounted for by the number of individual hosts examined per sample, and species-specific and study-specific effects reflecting idiosyncrasies of particular systems. This suggests that with most differences in aggregation among samples already explained, there may be little point in seeking universal causes for the remaining variation.

Gill ectoparasite assemblages of two non-native Cichla populations (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in Brazilian reservoirs

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. Yamada ◽  
L.N. Santos ◽  
R.M. Takemoto
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
Invasion Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Peacock Bass

AbstractThe gills of 41 Cichla piquiti and 39 C. kelberi from Itaipu and Lajes reservoirs, respectively, Brazil, were examined to describe the ectoparasite assemblages of these two non-native peacock-bass populations. All ectoparasite species of the two studied hosts (C. piquiti and C. kelberi) were dominant, but Ascocotyle sp. (metacercariae) was the prevalent (58.53%) and most abundant helminth species in C. piquiti hosts, while Sciadicleithrum ergensi was the dominant species in C. kelberi hosts. Gill ectoparasites of C. piquiti and C. kelberi showed a typical pattern of overdispersion or aggregation, which is commonly reported for many other freshwater fishes. Ectoparasite prevalence and abundance did not vary between host sexes of the two Cichla populations. The prevalence and abundance of Ascocotyle sp. were positively correlated with C. piquiti standard length (SL), but only the abundance of S. ergensi showed a positive correlation with C. kelberi SL. Although environmental differences between reservoirs might also have influenced the results, we anticipated that the presence of a close congener in Itaipu reservoir and the lack of other Cichla species in Lajes reservoir were the key factors to explain the contrasts between C. piquiti and C. kelberi gill ectoparasites. Overall, our results suggest that the trend of parasite species loss through the invasion process may have contributed to the establishment of non-native C. piquiti and C. kelberi populations in Brazilian reservoirs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document