CONTINUOUS SENTENCES PRESERVED UNDER REDUCED PRODUCTS

Abstract Defective blood products that are recalled because of safety or potency deviations can trigger adverse health events and constrict the nation’s blood supply chain. However, the underlying characteristics and impact of blood product recalls are not fully understood. In this study, we identified 4700 recall events, 7 reasons for recall, and 144 346 units affected by recalls. Using geospatial mapping of the newly defined county-level recall event density, we discovered hot spots with high prevalence and likelihood of blood product recall events. Distribution patterns and distribution distances of recalled blood products vary significantly between product types. Blood plasma is the most recalled product (87 980 units), and leukocyte-reduced products (34 230 units) are recalled in larger numbers than non-leukocyte-reduced products (8076 units). Donor-related reasons (92 382 units) and sterility deviations (22 408 units) are the major cause of blood product recalls. Monetary loss resulting from blood product recalls is estimated to be $17.9 million, and economic sensitivity tests show that donor-related reasons and sterility deviations contribute most to the overall monetary burden. A total of 2.8 million days was required to resolve recall events, and probabilistic survival time analysis shows that sterility deviations and contamination took longer to resolve because of their systemic effect on blood collection and processing. Our studies demonstrate that better donor screening procedures, rigorous sterility requirements, improved containment methods, and mitigation of recall events in high-prevalence regions will enable a more robust blood supply chain.

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Time-dependent aldosterone metabolism in toad urinary bladder

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1988.254.4.f547 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 254 (4) ◽

pp. F547-F553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. S. Brem ◽

M. Pacholski ◽

D. J. Morris

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Toad Urinary Bladder ◽

Matched Pairs ◽

Na Transport ◽

Reduced Products ◽

Metabolic Transformation

Aldosterone (Aldo) metabolism was examined in the toad bladder. Bladders were incubated with [3H]aldosterone (10(-7) M) for 5 h, 1 h, or 10 min. Tissues were analyzed for metabolites using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In separate experiments, Na+ transport was assessed by the short-circuit current (SCC) technique. Following a 5-h tissue incubation, about 25% of the [3H]-aldosterone was converted into metabolites including a polar monosulfate metabolite, 20 beta-dihydroaldo (20 beta-DHAldo), small quantities of 5 beta-reduced products, and a variety of 5 alpha-reduced Aldo products including 5 alpha-DHAldo, 3 alpha,5 alpha-tetrahydroaldo (3 alpha,5 alpha-THAldo), and 3 beta,5 alpha-THAldo. Tissues metabolized approximately 10% of the labeled hormone into the same compounds by 1 h. Measurable quantities of these metabolites were also synthesized by bladders exposed to Aldo for only 10 min and then incubated in buffer for an additional 50 min without Aldo. Bladders pretreated with the spironolactone, K+-canrenoate (3.5 X 10(-4) M), and stimulated with Aldo (10(-7) M) generated a peak SCC 44 +/- 6% of that observed in matched pairs stimulated with Aldo (P less than 0.001; n = 6). K+-canrenoate also markedly diminished [3H]aldosterone metabolism at both 5 and 1 h. Thus, metabolic transformation of Aldo begins prior to hormone-induced increases in Na+ transport. Both the generation of certain metabolites (e.g., 5 alpha-reductase pathway products) and the increase in Na+ transport can be selectively inhibited by K+-canrenoate.

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Reduced products of logical matrices

Studia Logica ◽

10.1007/bf00373095 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 19-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Janusz Czelakowski

Keyword(s):

Reduced Products ◽

Logical Matrices

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Syntheses, theoretical studies, and crystal structures of [Ni(II)SSRRL](PF6)2 and [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6) that contains anagostic interactions

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/cjc-2020-0136 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Peyton C. Bainbridge ◽

Rudy L. Luck ◽

Nick K. Newberry

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Structural Data ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Redox Potentials ◽

X Ray ◽

H Nmr ◽

Irreversible Oxidation ◽

Square Planar ◽

Reduced Products ◽

Reversible Reduction

The syntheses of two square planar nickel complexes containing the condensation and subsequently reduced products obtained by reacting [Ni(en)3](BF4)2 and acetone are reported. The complexes 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1(S),4(S),8(R),11(R)-tetraazacyclotetradecane-nickel(II)[PF6]2 and 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1(S),4(R),8(S),11(R)-tetraazacyclotetradecane-nickel(II)[Cl][PF6] labelled as [Ni(II)SSRRL](PF6)2 and [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6), respectively, were found to have slightly different solubilities that allowed for their purification. The complexes were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and UV–vis spectra. Redox potentials, determined by cyclic voltammetry, established that [Ni(II)SSRRL](PF6)2 exhibits a reversible oxidation (E1/2(ox) = 0.85 V) and reduction (E1/2(red) = −1.59 V), whereas [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6) displays an irreversible oxidation (Epa(ox) = 1.37 V) and reversible reduction (E1/2(red) = −1.62 V) relative to the ferrocene couple at 0.0 V. Single crystal X-ray determinations established that one of the compounds, [Ni(II)SSRRL](PF6)2, contained two [Formula: see text] anions, whereas the other compound, [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6), contained one Cl− and one [Formula: see text] anion. In the solid state, compound [Ni(II)SSRRL](PF6)2 was held together by H-bonds between H atoms on the Ni containing dication and F atoms in the [Formula: see text] anion. Compound [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6) crystallized in the form of dimers held together by interactions between H atoms attached to N atoms on adjacent cations binding to two Cl− anions in the middle with these dimers held together by further H-bonding to interstitial [Formula: see text] anions. Complex [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6) was found to contain anagostic interactions on the bases of NMR (downfield shift in C–H protons) and structural data (2.3 < d(H-Ni) < 2.9 Å), as well as theoretical calculations.

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Reduction of hexavalent chromium by Microbacterium paraoxydans isolated from tannery wastewater and characterization of its reduced products

Journal of Water Process Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101748 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 101748

Author(s):

Sandhya Mishra ◽

Shaohua Chen ◽

Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale ◽

Rijuta Ganesh Saratale ◽

Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hexavalent Chromium ◽

Tannery Wastewater ◽

Reduced Products ◽

Microbacterium Paraoxydans

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The Preparation of Ferronickel Powder from Nickel-Contained Sodium Jarosite Residue

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.536 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 536-542

Author(s):

Rui Ren ◽

Shu Ping Zheng ◽

Qian Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Reduction ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Reduction Temperature ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Percent Reduction ◽

Alkaline Decomposition ◽

Reduced Products ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Solid Liquid

nickel and iron was recovered as ferronickel from sodium jarosite residue containing nickel, the processes include alkaline decomposing residue, hydrogen reducing precipitations produced in alkaline decomposition process and magnetic separating reduced precipitations. The effects of alkaline decomposition temperature, the concentration of NaOH solution and solid/liquid ratio on the process of alkaline decomposing residue were examined. Meanwhile, the influence of hydrogen reduction temperature on the reduced products was studied, too. The results shown the natrojarosite in residue can be near completely decomposed to form hydroxide precipitations in the process of alkaline decomposition. In the process of hydrogen reduction, the rise of reduction temperature can increase the percent reduction for both nickel and iron in reduced results. But it is easier to reduce nickel than to reduce iron at the range of 750°C-950°C. When hydrogen reduction temperature was 950 °C, the percent reduction for nickel and iron in hydrogen reduction process was 95.81% and 94.4%, respectively. XRD tests indicated, except for ferronickel, there were still some impurities such as barium sulfate and barium oxide in reduced product. SEM test indicated the particles of precipitations will become fused together during hydrogen reduction process, so it is difficult to magnetic separate ferronickel purely from reduced results. The content of nickel and iron in magnetic separating product was only 11.64% and 62.40%.

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