The Needham Question Today

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Redding
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Question Today ◽  
Needham Puzzle

The Needham Puzzle is part of a larger and very complex historical enigma. What explains the slow-down in scientific innovation in China about five hundred years ago? Also, after a recent forty-year period of growth not heavily dependent on spontaneous innovation, are such inherited influences returning to the surface as significant obstacles at a time when innovativeness is becoming more strategic?

Polymer platforms for micro- and nanomotor fabrication

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 7332-7342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Hermanová ◽  
Martin Pumera
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Autonomous Movement

Artificial, self-propelled micro- and nanomotors are small devices capable of autonomous movement, which are a powerful scientific innovation for solving various medical and environmental issues.

The Electrophysiological Correlates of Scientific Innovation Induced by Heuristic Information

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlong Luo ◽  
Xiumin Du ◽  
Xiaochen Tang ◽  
Entao Zhang ◽  
Haijiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Information ◽  
Scientific Innovation

scholarly journals Living data

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-517
Author(s):  
Barry Allen
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Question Today ◽  
Modes Of Existence ◽  
New Infrastructure ◽  
Do So

AbstractWe see new technologies changing how we live, and seemingly set to do so at a rising pace. How should we describe these changes, and what exactly is changing? I discuss the theory of technical change in Simondon, On the Modes of Existence of the Technical Object. Once we understand precisely what sort of change qualifies as “technical,” we see that the changes in question today have little to do with technology as such, more with a new infrastructure for its deployment.

“It just goes against the grain.” Public understandings of genetically modified (GM) food in the UK

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Gm Food ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
The Uk

This paper reports on one aspect of qualitative research on public understandings of food risks, focusing on lay understandings of genetically modified (GM) food in a UK context. A range of theoretical, conceptual, and empirical literature on food, risk, and the public understanding of science are reviewed. The fieldwork methods are outlined and empirical data from a range of lay groups are presented. Major themes include: varying “technical” knowledge of science, the relationship between knowledge and acceptance of genetic modification, the uncertainty of scientific knowledge, genetic modification as inappropriate scientific intervention in “nature,” the acceptability of animal and human applications of genetic modification, the appropriate boundaries of scientific innovation, the necessity for GM foods, the uncertainty of risks in GM food, fatalism about avoiding risks, and trust in “experts” to manage potential risks in GM food. Key discussion points relating to a sociological understanding of public attitudes to GM food are raised and some policy implications are highlighted.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION POTENTIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZKAHSTAN AND ITS PERSPECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (321) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Elvira Tlessova ◽  
◽  
Aizhan Khoich ◽  
Nazerke Kurash ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals REAKTUALISASI JIHAD DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERDAMAIAN DAN TOLERANSI

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Anisah Indriati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Scientific Innovation

<p class="16"><em>This article discusses the issue of jihad in Islamic sources. This effort is important because of the negative image of the Islamic Jihad command. Presented in this article about the meaning of jihad in Islamic sources and how to interpret contextually jihad with jihad fi sabilillah in accordance with the interests and capacities of each. Jihad does not only means qital or war. Jihad in the Qur'an is also </em><em>found in other, more beneficial to the institution</em><em> of humanity. In the contemporary era of jihad environmental, health and scientific innovation become necessary to save a human life.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Artikel ini membahas persoalan jihad dalam sumber ajaran Islam. Upaya ini penting dilakukan karena adanya Image Islam yang negatif dari adanya perintah jihad. Dalam artikel ini dikemukakan tentang pemaknaan jihad yang ada dalam sumber ajaran Islam dan bagaimana memaknai jihad secara kontekstual dengan melaksakan jihad fi sabilillah yang sesuai dengan kepentingan dan kapasitasnya masing-masing. Jihad tidak hanya bermkna qital atau berperang. Jihad dalam al-Quran juga ditemukan dalam bentuk lain yang lebih bermanfaat bagi intitusi kemanusiaan. Di era kekinian jihad lingkungan, kesehatan dan inovasi keilmuan menjadi suatu yang penting untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan manusia.</em></p>

scholarly journals THE CITY WALLS OF FLORENCE, A METHOD TO MANAGE INFORMATIONS OF A COMPLEX SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 457-464
Author(s):  
J. G. Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
History Of ◽  
City Walls ◽  
University Of Florence ◽  
The University ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Abstract. The city walls of Florence constitute a complex system: six circles and at least nine distinct phases of use and transformation, from the foundation of Florentia to Florence Capital, to contemporary adjustments. The DIDA, Department of Architecture of the University of Florence with the Municipality of Florence, has been carrying out since 2012 the FIMU project with the study of the various walls circuits and diachronic surveys of the surviving wall sections. The aim is to combine and harmonize the historical data with technical-scientific innovation, expressing its own vision of the relationship between the history of the city of Florence and the correct valorization of one of its important Landmark. Every citizen must be able to recognize in the traces of the past his belonging to a community, the results expected from this research are the realization of an informative-didactic and informative apparatus that will emphasize this important historical testimony of Florence and its transformations occurred over the centuries. Data acquisition, processing and visualization methods define this research as ‘experimental’ for the knowledge and evolution of a historic city that would contribute to elevating services for the technical scientific community and the citizen, to which data would become available currently ‘raw’ with the preparation of an apparatus based on a database through the ‘Open Data’ platform of the Municipality of Florence.

scholarly journals Sources of Scientific Innovation: A Meta-Analytic Approach (Commentary on Simonton, 2009)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Sulloway
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Puerperal Fever ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Scientific Achievement ◽  
Darwinian Theory ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Scientific Innovation

Innovations in science can be divided into at least four major types: radical revolutions (such as Copernican and Darwinian theory), technical revolutions (led by scientists such as Newton, Lavoisier, and Einstein), controversial innovations (for example, Semmelweis's theory of puerperal fever), and conservative innovations (eugenics and various vitalistic doctrines). Biographical predictors of support for scientific innovations are distinctly different depending on the type of innovation, as are the predictors of who initially engineers such innovations. A meta-analytic approach assessing each new scientific theory according to its salient features (including epistemological, ideological, and technical attributes) is required to make sense out of the varied predisposing factors associated with the origins of these innovations. These predisposing factors are not neatly classifiable in terms of Simonton's (2009, this issue) hierarchical model of domain-specific dispositions, although this model is applicable under some conditions. Instead, the principal sources of scientific achievement are largely a product of person-by-situation interaction effects that are dictated by the nature of the particular innovation.

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