The effect of Pleistocene glacial morphogenesis on the genetic structure of the humid- and cold-tolerant root vole Microtus oeconomus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in Poland, central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Jancewicz ◽  
Ewa Falkowska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Pleistocene Glaciations ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
Root Vole ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Configuration ◽  
Hygrophilous Species

AbstractDuring the Pleistocene in the northern part of Europe and Asia, the presence of ice sheets not only limited the range of species but also influenced landscape and thus the contemporary habitat system that determines the pattern of biodiversity. The aim of the research was to find out whether and how a lowland landscape, which formed as a result of subsequent Pleistocene glaciations (five) that in Eurasia covered various and generally successively smaller areas, affected the genetic differentiation of a species. The research was carried out in eastern Poland on the root vole Microtus oeconomus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia), a model boreal and hygrophilous species. Samples were collected from 549 vole individuals at 33 locations. Based on the analysis of 12 microsatellite loci and the 908 bp of cytochrome b sequences (mitochondrial DNA), the genetic structure of M. oeconomus in the landscape zones of the Polish Lowlands was determined. The results show that the latitudinal variability of the relief in eastern Poland (resulting from different ranges of Pleistocene ice sheets) and the related specific configuration of hydrogenic habitats are reflected in the genetic differentiation of the root vole. Therefore, it may be concluded that the history of landscape development affects the genetic structure of hydrophilic species.

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation of Reintroduced Père David’s Deer (Elaphurus davidianus) Based on Population Genomics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumiao Zhang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Yiping Li ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Defu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Père David’S Deer ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Elaphurus Davidianus

The reintroduction is an important conservation tool to restore a species in its historically distribution area, but the rate of reintroduction success varies across species or regions due to different reasons. Genetic evaluation is important to the conservation management of reintroduced species. Conservation concerns relate to genetic threats for species with a small population size or severely historically bottle-necked species, such as negative consequences associated with loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding. The last 40years have seen a rapid increasing of population size for Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus), which originated from a limited founder population. However, the genetic structure of reintroduced Père David’s deer has not been investigated in terms of population genomics, and it is still not clear about the evolutionary history of Père David’s deer and to what extent the inbreeding level is. Conservation genomics methods were used to reconstruct the demographic history of Père David’s deer, evaluate genetic diversity, and characterize genetic structure among 18 individuals from the captive, free-ranging and wild populations. The results showed that 1,456,457 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained for Père David’s deer, and low levels of genome-wide genetic diversity were observed in Père David’s deer compared with Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Sika deer (Cervus nippon). A moderate population genetic differentiation was detected among three populations of Père David’s deer, especially between the captive population in Beijing Père David’s deer park and the free-ranging population in Jiangsu Dafeng National Nature Reserve. The effective population size of Père David’s deer started to decline ~25.8ka, and the similar levels of three populations’ LD reflected the genetic impacts of long-term population bottlenecks in the Père David’s deer. The findings of this study could highlight the necessity of individual exchange between different facilities, and genetic management should generally be integrated into conservation planning with other management considerations.

scholarly journals Unraveling the genetic structure of the coconut scale insect pest (Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne) outbreak populations in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeselle M. Serrana ◽  
Naoto Ishitani ◽  
Thaddeus M. Carvajal ◽  
Billy Joel M. Almarinez ◽  
Alberto T. Barrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe Philippines suffered from a devastating outbreak of the coconut scale insect pest, Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne inflicting significant economic losses to the country’s coconut industry. Despite the massive outbreak, little is known about the population and dispersal history of this invasive pest in the Philippines. Here, we examined the genetic diversity, structure and demographic history of A. rigidus sampled from localities with reported outbreaks from 2014 to 2017. We analyzed the genetic structure of seven A. rigidus outbreak populations using mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α markers. Both markers and all methods of population genetic structure analyses indicate clear differentiation among the A. rigidus populations separating the northern (i.e., Luzon provinces) from the southern (i.e., Basilan and Zamboanga Peninsula) regions of the Philippines. Very low or no genetic differentiation was observed within and amongst the populations per geographic region indicating two unrelated outbreak events of the pest originating from two genetically uniform populations isolated in each respective region. Historical data supports the resurgence of an established A. rigidus population in the south which could have been driven by sudden climatic changes or human-induced habitat imbalance. Given no historical information, we disregard the possible resurgence from the northern population and infer that the outbreak could have resulted from a recent introduction of a non-native A. rigidus in the region. Our study provides valuable information on the genetic differentiation of the two A. rigidus groups that would be useful for developing and implementing biological control strategies against this pest in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Genetic Structure of the Coconut Scale Insect Pest (Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne) Outbreak Populations in the Philippines

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Joeselle M. Serrana ◽  
Naoto Ishitani ◽  
Thaddeus M. Carvajal ◽  
Billy Joel M. Almarinez ◽  
Alberto T. Barrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
History Of

Despite the fact that massive outbreaks of the coconut scale insect pest, Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are inflicting significant economic losses to the Philippines’ coconut industry, little is known about the population and dispersal history of this invasive pest in the country. Here, we examined the genetic diversity, structure and demographic history of A. rigidus sampled from localities with reported outbreaks from 2014 to 2017. We analyzed the genetic structure of the outbreak populations using mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α markers. Both markers and all methods of population genetic structure analyses indicate clear differentiation among the A. rigidus populations separating the north from the southern regions of the Philippines. Very low or no genetic differentiation was observed within and amongst the populations per geographic region indicating two unrelated outbreak events of the pest originating from two genetically uniform populations isolated in each respective region. Historical data supports the resurgence of an established A. rigidus population in the south which could have been driven by sudden climatic changes or human-induced habitat imbalance. Our study provides valuable information on the genetic differentiation of the two A. rigidus groups that would be useful for developing and implementing biological control strategies against this pest in the Philippines.

Genetic variability and demographic history of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from Brazil inferred by mtDNA sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Albernaz ◽  
K.L. Silva-Brandão ◽  
P. Fresia ◽  
F.L. Cônsoli ◽  
C. Omoto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
History Of

AbstractIntra- and inter-population genetic variability and the demographic history of Heliothis virescens (F.) populations were evaluated by using mtDNA markers (coxI, coxII and nad6) with samples from the major cotton- and soybean-producing regions in Brazil in the growing seasons 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10. AMOVA indicated low and non-significant genetic structure, regardless of geographical scale, growing season or crop, with most of genetic variation occurring within populations. Clustering analyzes also indicated low genetic differentiation. The haplotype network obtained with combined datasets resulted in 35 haplotypes, with 28 exclusive occurrences, four of them sampled only from soybean fields. The minimum spanning network showed star-shaped structures typical of populations that underwent a recent demographic expansion. The recent expansion was supported by other demographic analyzes, such as the Bayesian skyline plot, the unimodal distribution of paired differences among mitochondrial sequences, and negative and significant values of neutrality tests for the Tajima's D and Fu's FS parameters. In addition, high values of haplotype diversity (Ĥ) and low values of nucleotide diversity (π), combined with a high number of low frequency haplotypes and values of θπ<θW, suggested a recent demographic expansion of H. virescens populations in Brazil. This demographic event could be responsible for the low genetic structure currently found; however, haplotypes present uniquely at the same geographic regions and from one specific host plant suggest an initial differentiation among H. virescens populations within Brazil.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Colonisation History of the Tool-Using New Caledonian Crow

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e36608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Abdelkrim ◽  
Gavin R. Hunt ◽  
Russell D. Gray ◽  
Neil J. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
New Caledonian Crow ◽  
Caledonian Crow ◽  
History Of

Holarctic phylogeography of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus): implications for late Quaternary biogeography of high latitudes

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brunhoff ◽  
K. E. Galbreath ◽  
V. B. Fedorov ◽  
J. A. Cook ◽  
M. Jaarola
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
Root Vole

Contrasting patterns of genetic structure and disequilibrium in populations of a stone-cased caddisfly (Tasimiidae) from northern and southern Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Slater Schultheis ◽  
Richard Marchant ◽  
Jane Margaret Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
New Recruits ◽  
Genetic Patchiness

In marine and freshwater invertebrate populations, microscale genetic differentiation or ‘genetic patchiness’ is thought to result from variation in the abundance and genetic composition of new recruits at a particular location. In the present study, the role of the adult emergence patterns in genetic patchiness was examined using mtDNA and two microsatellite loci to compare patterns of genetic differentiation in asynchronously (subtropical) and synchronously emerging (temperate) populations of the stone-cased caddisfly Tasimia palpata. A 550 base pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was sequenced in at least 14 individuals from each population. Genetic structure was detected only at the reach scale in the subtropical populations and no genetic differentiation was detected in temperate populations. There were more deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in subtropical populations than in temperate populations where 44% and 12.5%, respectively, of tests for deviations from HWE were significant. Although distinct patterns of genetic structure and deviations from HWE were observed in the subtropical and temperate populations of T. palpata, no conclusive evidence was found to suggest that the differences are caused by differences in emergence patterns. We hypothesise that genetic patchiness must be caused by post-recruitment processes, most likely the preservation of oviposition ‘hotspots’ in subtropical streams.

Concluding remarks

1977 ◽  
Vol 280 (972) ◽  
pp. 373-374
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Great Range ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheets

The conclusion of this two day meeting finds us with a very great deal on which we may congratulate ourselves. In the first place there is the extremely large attendance, embracing scientists of all ages, and graced and illuminated by the attendance of many overseas colleagues of experience and distinction. In the second place we have the great range of scientific disciplines that are now applied to our field of study, many now extremely sophisticated, and the corresponding extension of Quaternary Studies into fields of evidence not hitherto exploited. In the early days of palynology of laminated lake sediments one could write of deciphering the ‘annals of the lakes’, but beginning by reading the record of lakes, peat bogs, coastal, fluviatile, glacial and periglacial geology, we have progressed to translating the long and detailed records of the deep oceans, and now the encapsulated history of the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. We have been introduced to the marvellous potential of the great CLIMAP Project, and all [biologists in the British Isles at least will now have to consider whether their hypotheses of past biotic history satisfy the new principle that we can all see emerging as ‘McIntyre’s Gate’.

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