DO WEAK OR STRONG ACIDS REMOVE CARBONATE CONTAMINATION FROM ANCIENT TOOTH ENAMEL MORE EFFECTIVELY? THE EFFECT OF ACID PRETREATMENT ON RADIOCARBON AND δ13C ANALYSES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rachel Wood ◽  
Andre Barros Curado Fleury ◽  
Stewart Fallon ◽  
Thi Mai Huong Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Skeletal Material ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Strong Acids

ABSTRACT In hot environments, collagen, which is normally targeted when radiocarbon (14C) dating bone, rapidly degrades. With little other skeletal material suitable for 14C dating, it can be impossible to obtain dates directly on skeletal materials. A small amount of carbonate occurs in hydroxyapatite, the mineral phase of bone and tooth enamel, and has been used as an alternative to collagen. Unfortunately, the mineral phase is often heavily contaminated with exogenous carbonate causing 14C dates to underestimate the true age of a sample. Although tooth enamel, with its larger, more stable crystals and lower porosity, is likely to be more robust to diagenesis than bone, little work has been undertaken to investigate how exogenous carbonate can be effectively removed prior to 14C dating. Typically, acid is used to dissolve calcite and etch the surface of the enamel, but it is unclear which acid is most effective. This study repeats and extends earlier work using a wider range of samples and acids and chelating agents (hydrochloric, lactic, acetic and propionic acids, and EDTA). We find that weaker acids remove carbonate contaminants more effectively than stronger acids, and acetic acid is the most effective. However, accurate dates cannot always be obtained.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Acetic Acid Pretreatment Catalyzed by Fe(NO3)3 of Corn Stover

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yu ◽  
Jun Qi ◽  
Shuting Zhang ◽  
Xuebin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Helium Ion Microscopy for the Imaging of Organic Matrix and Mineral Phase in Developing Tooth Enamel

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1640-1641
Author(s):  
C. Huyuan ◽  
J. Marshman ◽  
J. Dobeck ◽  
B. Goetze ◽  
F.B. Bidlack
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Helium Ion ◽  
Ion Microscopy

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.

Optimization of dilute acetic acid pretreatment of mixed fruit waste for increased methane production

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouvik Saha ◽  
Byong-Hun Jeon ◽  
Mayur B. Kurade ◽  
Shekhar B. Jadhav ◽  
Pradip K. Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Fruit Waste

Acetic acid pretreatment improves the hardness of cooked potato slices

2017 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlin Zhao ◽  
Hussain Shehzad ◽  
Shoulei Yan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Qingzhang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Potato Slices

scholarly journals Effects of Ammonia Inhalation and Acetic Acid Pretreatment on Colonization Kinetics of Toxigenic Pasteurella multocida within Upper Respiratory Tracts of Swine

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1260-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. C. Hamilton ◽  
J. M. Roe ◽  
C. M. Hayes ◽  
A. J. F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Morphometric Index ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Kinetics Of

Pigs reared in intensive production systems are continuously exposed to ammonia released by the microbial degradation of their excrement. Exposure to this gas has been shown to increase the severity of the disease progressive atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig’s upper respiratory tract by Pasteurella multocida. The etiological mechanism responsible for this synergy was investigated by studying the colonization kinetics of P. multocida enhanced by ammonia and comparing them with those evoked by an established disease model. Three-week-old Large White piglets were weaned and allocated to five experimental groups (groups A to E). Pigs in groups A and B were exposed continuously to ammonia at 20 ppm for the first 2 weeks of the study. Pigs in group C were pretreated with 0.5 ml of 1% acetic acid per nostril on days −2 and −1 of the study. On day 0 all the pigs in groups A, C, and D were inoculated with 1.4 × 108 toxigenic P. multocida organisms given by the intranasal route. The kinetics of P. multocida colonization were established by testing samples obtained at weekly intervals throughout the study. The study was terminated on day 37, and the extent of turbinate atrophy was determined by using a morphometric index. The results of the study showed that exposure to aerial ammonia for a limited period had a marked effect on the colonization of toxigenic P. multocidain the nasal cavities of pigs, which resulted in the almost total exclusion of commensal flora. In contrast, ammonia had only a limited effect on P. multocida colonization at the tonsil. The exacerbation of P. multocida colonization by ammonia was restricted to the period of ammonia exposure, and the number ofP. multocida organisms colonizing the upper respiratory tract declined rapidly upon the cessation of exposure to ammonia. During the exposure period, the ammonia levels in mucus recovered from the nasal cavity and tonsil were found to be 7- and 3.5-fold higher, respectively, than the levels in samples taken from unexposed controls. Acetic acid pretreatment also induced marked colonization of the nasal cavity which, in contrast to that induced by ammonia, persisted throughout the time course of the study. Furthermore, acetic acid pretreatment induced marked but transient colonization of the tonsil. These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of ammonia acts through an etiological mechanism different from that evoked by acetic acid pretreatment. A strong correlation was found between the numbers of P. multocida organisms isolated from the nasal cavity and the severity of clinical lesions, as determined by using a morphometric index. The data presented in the paper highlight the potential importance of ammonia as an exacerbating factor in respiratory disease of intensively reared livestock.

scholarly journals Profiling of Collagens from Swim Bladder of Catfish (Pangasius sp.) by Acid Extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
Gressty Sari Br Sitepu ◽  
Joko Santoso ◽  
Wini Trilaksani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Swim bladders of catfish contain high protein, therefore it is can be used as a raw material for collagen. The study aims to determine the chemical characteristics of swim bladders, the pretreatment of non-collagen, extraction of collagen dissolves acid and to evaluate the characteristics of collagen. The method of this study is KOH pretreatment with a concentration of 0,05; 0,1; and 0,15 for 12 hours. The extraction process is done by soaking the sample in a solution of acetic acid with a concentration of 0,25; 0,5 and 0,75 M (ratio 1:10; b/v) and extraction time for 24; 48; and 72 hours at 4oC. The experimental design used for alkaline and acetic acid pretreatment were factorial completely randomized design. The result showed that the protein content of swim bladder was 85,26% (db), the profile of amino acids were dominated by three amino acids namely glycine (56,85 mg/g), prolyne (31,03 mg/g), and alanyne (23,85 mg/g). Using 0,05 M KOH for 8 h was selected as the best pretreatment method for collagen extraction. Extraction method using 0,50 M acetic for 48 h resulted he best collagen which revealed the existence of a triple helix structure and had Tg 84oC.

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