Twin Analysis as a Potential Tool for Examining Psychosocial Factors Associated with and Preceeding Smoking Behaviors

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Pedersen ◽  
B. Floderus-Myrhed
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

AbstractData from the young cohort of the Swedish Twin Registry are being used in an attempt to describe characteristics which distinguish among current, non- and ex- smokers prior to the development of a smoking habit versus those present after establishment of the habit (or lack of one). With twins as a sample of individuals, the psychosocial variables instability, extroversion, leisure activity, relative weight, alcohol, coffee and psycho-pharmaceutic drug use were examined jointly as predictors of current smoking status in multiple regression analyses. This phase was intended to replicate and expand upon earlier studies characterizing current, non- and ex-smokers. These analyses were then performed on MZ nonsmoking twin individuals who were classified on the basis of their cotwins' smoking status. Pattern of variation in the psychosocial variables across the groups of nonsmokers were similar to the pattern seen for current, ex- and nonsmokers. Characteristics in MZ nonsmokers which are predictive of their cotwins' smoking status may be interpreted as those present prior to development of a smoking habit. Selected results from these analyses will be presented.

PERSONALITY, DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND SMOKING STATUS AMONG TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikmet Yazici
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
University Students ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Turkish University Students

The association between the sociotropic/autonomic personality characteristics, depressive symptoms and cigarette-smoking status of 385 male and 241 female university students was examined. Depressive symptoms and sociotropic/autonomic personality were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (adapted for use in Turkey by Hisli [1998]) and the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (adapted for use in Turkey by Şahin, Ulusoy, & Şahin [1993]); smoking behaviors were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sociotropic/autonomic personality characteristics, depressive symptoms and cigarette-smoking status. Current smokers showed a trend, scoring higher than nonsmokers on depressive symptoms, and they also scored significantly higher than nonsmokers on autonomy. Results also show that depressive symptoms (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.05–1.10), and autonomy (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01–1.03) were predictive variables of current smoking status.

scholarly journals Age and Smoking Predict Antibody Titres at 3 Months after the Second Dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Yushi Nomura ◽  
Michiru Sawahata ◽  
Yosikazu Nakamura ◽  
Momoko Kurihara ◽  
Ryousuke Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Efficacy

Objective: We aimed to determine antibody (Ab) titres 3 months after the second dose of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and to explore clinical variables predicting these titres in Japan. Methods: We enrolled 378 healthcare workers (255 women, 123 men) whose blood samples were collected 91 ± 15 days after the second of two inoculations of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) given 3 weeks apart. Medical histories and demographic characteristics were recorded using a structured self-reported questionnaire. The relationships between Ab titres and these factors were analysed. Results: Median age (interquartile range (IQR)) of the participants was 44 (32–54) years. Median Ab titre (IQR) against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike antigen was 764 (423–1140) U/mL. Older participants had significantly lower Ab titres; median (IQR) Ab titres were 942 (675–1390) and 1095 (741–1613) U/mL in men and women in their 20s, respectively, but 490 (297–571) and 519 (285–761) U/mL in men and women in their 60–70s, respectively. In the age-adjusted analysis, the only risk factors for lower Ab titres were male sex and smoking. However, the sex difference may have arisen from the sex difference in smoking rate. Moreover, Ab titres were significantly lower in current smokers than in ex-smokers. Conclusions: The most important factors associated with low Ab titres were age and smoking habit. In particular, current smoking status caused lower Ab titres, and smoking cessation before vaccination may improve the individual efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine.

scholarly journals Age and smoking predict antibody titres at 3 months after the second dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushi Nomura ◽  
Michiru Sawahata ◽  
Yosikazu Nakamura ◽  
Momoko Kurihara ◽  
Ryousuke Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Efficacy

Objective: We aimed to determine antibody (Ab) titres 3 months after the second dose of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and to explore clinical variables predicting these titres in Japan. Methods: We enrolled 378 healthcare workers (255 women, 123 men) whose blood samples were collected 91 plus or minus 15 days after the second of two inoculations of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) given 3 weeks apart. Medical histories and demographic characteristics were recorded using a structured self-reported questionnaire. The relationships between Ab titres and these factors were analysed. Results: Median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of the participants was 44 (32-54) years. Median Ab titre (IQR) against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike antigen was 764 (423-1140) U/mL. Older participants had significantly lower Ab titres; median (IQR) Ab titres were 942 (675-1390) and 1095 (741-1613) U/mL in men and women in their 20s, respectively, but 490 (297-571) and 519 (285-761) U/mL in men and women in their 60s-70s, respectively. In the age-adjusted analysis, the only risk factors for lower Ab titres were male sex and smoking. However, the sex difference may have arisen from the sex difference in smoking rate. Moreover, Ab titres were significantly lower in current smokers than in ex-smokers. Conclusion: The most important factors associated with low Ab titres were age and smoking habit. In particular, current smoking status caused lower Ab titres, and smoking cessation before vaccination may improve the individual efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine.

An observational study to determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in advanced cancer patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Webber ◽  
Andrew N Davies
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking

Context: observational studies in North America suggest alcohol dependence is a common problem in advanced cancer patients and is associated with a high burden of physical and psychological symptoms. The prevalence of all types of alcohol use disorders, and the relationship between alcohol use disorders and symptoms, has not been studied. Objectives: this observational, cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in patients with advanced cancer and establish if such patients have a higher symptom burden. Methods: sequential patients referred to the palliative medicine team at a United Kingdom cancer centre completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form (MSAS-SF). Results: 120 patients participated in the study. Twenty-two (18%) patients screened positively for the presence of an alcohol use disorder. This study found no significant association between alcohol use disorders and the presence of anxiety ( P = 0.38) or depression ( P = 0.81) on the HADS or the global distress index subscale ( P = 0.142), physical symptom distress index subscale ( P = 0.734), or the psychological distress index subscale ( P = 0.154) on the MSAS-SF. Current smoking status was the only independent predictor for the presence of an alcohol use disorder ( P < 0.001). Seven (6%) patients screened positively for high-risk alcohol use disorders. Current smoking status ( P < 0.001) and male gender ( p < 0.001) were independent predictors of this problem. Conclusions: alcohol use disorders in this cohort of patients were not associated with a higher symptom burden, and the prevalence was lower than the general United Kingdom population.

Contemplating to quit current smoking status: differences in behavioural and psychosocial patterns in a population-based cohort of current smokers

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Ladwig ◽  
Jens Baumert ◽  
Hannelore Löwel ◽  
Angela Döring ◽  
Heinz-Erich Wichmann
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Status Differences

scholarly journals Depression and substance abuse and dependency in relation to current smoking status and frequency of smoking among nondaily and daily smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J. Berg ◽  
Hefei Wen ◽  
Janet R. Cummings ◽  
Jasjit S. Ahluwalia ◽  
Benjamin G. Druss
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking

scholarly journals Associations between pain and current smoking status among cancer patients

Pain ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Ditre ◽  
Brian D. Gonzalez ◽  
Vani N. Simmons ◽  
Leigh Anne Faul ◽  
Thomas H. Brandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking

scholarly journals Changes in DNA methylation from pre- to post-adolescence are associated with pubertal exposures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luhang Han ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Akhilesh Kaushal ◽  
Faisal I. Rezwan ◽  
Latha Kadalayil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Epigenetic State ◽  
Immune System Development ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background Adolescence is a period characterized by major biological development, which may be associated with changes in DNA methylation (DNA-M). However, it is unknown to what extent DNA-M varies from pre- to post-adolescence, whether the pattern of changes is different between females and males, and how adolescence-related factors are associated with changes in DNA-M. Methods Genome-scale DNA-M at ages 10 and 18 years in whole blood of 325 subjects (n = 140 females) in the Isle of Wight (IOW) birth cohort was analyzed using Illumina Infinium arrays (450K and EPIC). Linear mixed models were used to examine DNA-M changes between pre- and post-adolescence and whether the changes were gender-specific. Adolescence-related factors and environmental exposure factors were assessed on their association with DNA-M changes. Replication of findings was attempted in the comparable Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Results In the IOW cohort, after controlling for technical variation and cell compositions at both pre- and post-adolescence, 15,532 cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites (of 400,825 CpGs, 3.88%) showed statistically significant DNA-M changes from pre-adolescence to post-adolescence invariant to gender (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.05). Of these 15,532 CpGs, 10,212 CpGs (66%) were replicated in the ALSPAC cohort. Pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified significant biological pathways related to growth and development of the reproductive system, emphasizing the importance of this period of transition on epigenetic state of genes. In addition, in IOW, we identified 1179 CpGs with gender-specific DNA-M changes. In the IOW cohort, body mass index (BMI) at age 10 years, age of growth spurt, nonsteroidal drugs use, and current smoking status showed statistically significant associations with DNA-M changes at 15 CpGs on 14 genes such as the AHRR gene. For BMI at age 10 years, the association was gender-specific. Findings on current smoking status were replicated in the ALSPAC cohort. Conclusion Adolescent transition is associated with changes in DNA-M at more than 15K CpGs. Identified pathways emphasize the importance of this period of transition on epigenetic state of genes relevant to cell growth and immune system development.

scholarly journals Treatable traits qualifying for nonpharmacological interventions in COPD patients upon first referral to a pulmonologist: the COPD sTRAITosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00438-2020
Author(s):  
Alex J. van ’t Hul ◽  
Eleonore H. Koolen ◽  
Jeanine C. Antons ◽  
Marianne de Man ◽  
Remco S. Djamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Severe Fatigue ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Impaired Health

IntroductionThe present study assessed the prevalence of nine treatable traits (TTs) pinpointing nonpharmacological interventions in patients with COPD upon first referral to a pulmonologist, how these TTs co-occurred and whether and to what extent the TTs increased the odds having a severely impaired health status.MethodsData were collected from a sample of 402 COPD patients. A second sample of 381 patients with COPD was used for validation. Nine TTs were assessed: current smoking status, activity-related dyspnoea, frequent exacerbations <12 months, severe fatigue, depressed mood, poor physical capacity, low physical activity, poor nutritional status and a low level of self-management activation. For each TT the odds ratio (OR) of having a severe health status impairment was calculated. Furthermore, a graphic representation was created, the COPD sTRAITosphere, to visualise TTs prevalence and OR.ResultsOn average 3.9±2.0 TTs per patient were observed. These TTs occurred relatively independently of each other and coexisted in 151 unique combinations. A significant positive correlation was found between the number of TTs and Clinical COPD Questionnaire total score (r=0.58; p<0.001). Patients with severe fatigue (OR: 8.8), severe activity-related dyspnoea (OR: 5.8) or depressed mood (OR: 4.2) had the highest likelihood of having a severely impaired health status. The validation sample corroborated these findings.ConclusionsUpon first referral to a pulmonologist, COPD patients show multiple TTs indicating them to several nonpharmacological interventions. These TTs coexist in many different combinations, are relatively independent and increase the likelihood of having a severely impaired health status.

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