Dealing with a “Rogue State”: The Libya Precedent

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
American Law ◽  
Rogue State ◽  
State Sponsor

On June 30,2006, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice rescinded die United States designation of Libya as a state sponsor of terrorism. Her action ended nearly twenty-seven years of Libya’s pariah status in American law and rhetoric.The road to the rehabilitation of Libya was a long one in more than a temporal sense. During the 1980s, the country was widely perceived as the world’s strongest supporter of terrorism.The United States in particular saw Libya under the leadership of Muammar el-Qaddafi as a “rogue state” posing a serious threat to U.S. national security interests.This fear was confirmed by Libya’s destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988. A bomb placed by Libyan agents on board the aircraft en route to New York detonated over Lockerbie, Scodand, resulting in the deaths of 270 civilians, including 189 Americans. It was perhaps the single worst act of terrorism against the United States until the carnage of September 11, 2001.

scholarly journals Information Policy and Intellectual Freedom In American Libraries Before and After September 11, 2001: A Global Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Custer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After

This paper examines information policy in libraries before and after the tragic destruction of the Twin Towers in New York, New York, on September 11, 2001. It carefully considers libraries’ role in the history of intellectual freedom in the United States and on an international scale. It investigates the rocky road that citizens from almost all countries have traveled in attempting to gain open access to information throughout modern history. It appraises some of the advances certain areas of the world have made in regard to intellectual freedom. The paper also investigates some areas of the world that are still confronting various degrees of censorship today. The paper then discusses the effect September 11, 2001 had on intellectual freedom and libraries. It scrutinizes the USA Patriot Act that was quickly passed in the United States in response to the terrorist attack. In addition, the paper explores other legislation from around the world that was enacted in direct reply to September 11, 2001.

Allen Dulles and Covert Intervention

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
David P. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
National Security ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eisenhower Administration ◽  
Covert Action ◽  
The Press ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
Substantial Degree

This chapter examines the CIA in one of its most activist periods in the 1950s, under the leadership of Allen Dulles. An advocate for covert action and a man with considerable connections to the press, Dulles oversaw successful CIA interventions in Iran (Operation TPAJAX) in 1953 and Guatemala (Operation PBSUCCESS) in 1954. Though the ultimate outcome of the interventions would prove detrimental to the countries involved and to the United States’ own national security interests, the CIA and the Eisenhower administration viewed them as unalloyed successes. The press also generally did not report that the United States had been involved—with some notable exceptions. Dulles leaked details of the operations to a friendly reporter, so the CIA could take credit for its activities without formal acknowledgment. The New York Times also acquiesced to a request to keep a reporter out of Guatemala, but internal deliberations reveal a substantial degree of caution on the part of the Times’s management where the CIA was concerned.

Preemption in the Wake of 9/11

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Bashevkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
African American ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Secretary Of State

Chapter 5 assesses Condoleezza Rice’s contributions in the George W. Bush era as the first female national security advisor and first female African American secretary of state. In the wake of the events of 9/11, Rice developed a preemption argument that said the United States could not wait for attack before defending itself. This view, which underpinned the Bush administration’s decision to invade Iraq in 2003, was consistent with an aggressive approach to leadership that pre-dated Rice’s time in senior foreign policy office. In contrast to Albright’s sense of group consciousness, Rice was long committed to a “no victims” approach to discrimination—whether bias was based on race or sex. In that way, she amplified the conservative individualism of many Republican voters.

Publishing Robinson's Reports Of Cases Argued And Determined In The High Court Of Admiralty

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Gordan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
High Court ◽  
American Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Since the year 1798, the decisions of Sir William Scott, (now Lord Stowell) on the admiralty side of Westminster Hall, have been read and admired in every region of the republic of letters, as models of the most cultivated and the most enlightened human reason.James Kent, Commentaries on American Law Vol. 2, (New York: O. Halsted 1827), 526. Chancellor Kent's single, luminous sentence, published while Sir William Scott was still on the bench, presents the questions this article will explore. It investigates two interrelated aspects of the trajectory of the first decade of Sir William Scott's admiralty judgments: the history of their nearly simultaneous publication on both sides of the Atlantic and dissemination into the transnational “republic of letters” and the circumstances of their immediate absorption as precedents into the jurisprudence of the United States.

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