Beef production from silage 3. The effect of supplements of hay and dried grass on the performance of beef cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
R. M. Tetlow ◽  
B. G. Gibbs ◽  
Margaret Gill
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT1. The primary growth of perennial ryegrass was cut between 7 and 9 June and ensiled with formic acid at 2·5 1/t. The regrowth was cut on 24 July; part was dried at high temperature (dried grass), the remainder was left to dry in the field (hay). The dried grass (DG) and part of the hay were ground and pelleted, the hay being pelleted alone (PH) or with the addition of formaldehyde at 20 g/kg crude protein (PHF). The remainder of the hay was offered in the chopped form (CH). The four supplements (CH, PH, PHF, DG) were offered at two levels, 6·5 (L) and 130 (H) g dry matter per kg live weight to 54 British Friesian steers (initial live weight, 110 kg) receiving the silage ad libitum.2. The silage had a high pH and a high proportion of the total nitrogen was in the form of ammonia, indicating poor fermentation. The solubility of nitrogen in the supplements was highest (262 g/kg total nitrogen) in CH, progressively less in PH and PHF and lowest (122 g/kg total nitrogen) in DG.3. Total dry-matter intake was highest with DG at the higher level of inclusion. Dry-matter intake was significantly higher for PH and PHF than for CH (P < 0·001). However, intake of digestible energy did not differ between hays. Live-weight gain was increased from a low level of 0·24 kg/day (silage alone) by all supplements, but this effect was greater with DG than with the hays (P < 0·001). Level of supplementation increased live-weight gain from 0·54 to 0·74 kg/day.4. Supplements of dried grass gave higher live-weight gains than did hay made from the same sward. However, the results indicate that supplementation of badly preserved silage with grass hay of good quality can produce acceptable levels of performance of up to 0·70 kg/day in 4-month-old steers. Processing of the hay had little effect on animal performance.

Effect of animal size on the response in the performance of beef cattle to an improvement in silage quality

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
W. A. McIlmoyle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Animal Size

ABSTRACTTwo experiments have been carried out to examine the interaction between animal size and the response in animal performance to an increase in the digestibility of grass silage. In experiment 1, grass silages harvested during July and August after regrowth intervals of 43 and 85 days were offered ad libitum both unsupplemented and supplemented with 2 kg of concentrates per head per day to British Friesian steers of (±s.e.) 170±1·9, 300±2·9 and 420±3·6 kg initial live weight. Earlier cutting did not affect silage dry-matter intake or live-weight gain but increased carcass gain by 0·12kg/day (P<0·01).In experiment 2, early-cut grass silage, made from two regrowths of perennial ryegrass, which were harvested during July and August after regrowth intervals of 43 and 48 days, and late-cut silage, made from a single regrowth, which was harvested in August after a regrowth interval of 90 days, were offered ad libitum to 84 Hereford-cross steers of (±s.e.) 170±3·4, 300±4·4 and 420±5|·2kg initial live weight. Earlier cutting increased silage dry-matter intake by 340 g/kg, live-weight gain by 0·23 kg/day and carcass gain by 0·18 kg/day (P<0·001). It i s concluded that increasing the digestibility of grass silage by cutting grass at an earlier stage of growth is likely to produce a substantial increase in the daily carcass gain of beef cattle and that the response to higher digestibility is as great with mature cattle as with young, growing animals.

Effects of supplementing maize and grass silages with barley, and maize silage with urea or ammonia, on the intake and performance of fattening bulls

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT1. Experiment 1. Six treatment groups of one British Friesian and four South Devon × British Friesian bulls, initially 432 kg mean live weight and aged 491 days, were offered individually maize or grass silage ad libitum plus 0, 5 or 10g barley dry matter per kg live weight daily for 80 days. The silages had similar digestible dry matter and estimated metabolizable energy contents but the grass silage contained more ammonia and acetic, propionic and butyric acids. Mean values for groups receiving respectively maize and grass silage diets were for dry-matter intake 17·7, 20·3, 20·4 and 13·0, 16·6, 18·7 g/kg live weight and for live-weight gain 1·00, 1·32, 1·46 and 0·65, 0·98, 1·22kg/day. Significantly more maize than grass silage dry matter was eaten when the silages were given alone and dry-matter intakes, live-weight and carcass gains were greater for maize silage diets. Dry-matter intake, live-weight and carcass gains, efficiency of feed use and carcass quality significantly improved when barley was given.2. Experiment 2. Six groups of five British Friesian bulls, initially 418 kg mean live weight and aged 474 days, were offered individually maize silage ad libitum with either urea or one of two quantities of aqueous ammonia mixed in at the time of feeding, plus 0 or 5 g barley dry matter per kg live weight daily for 90 days. The urea and ammonia-treated silages contained 125, 124 and 148 g crude protein per kg dry matter respectively, with pH values of 3·8, 3·9 and 4·3, and when given alone or with barley mean daily intakes (g dry matter per kg live weight) were 17·1, 18·6 for urea-treated silage diets, and 17·8, 18·8 and 16·9, 19·1 respectively for ammoniatreated silage diets. Live-weight gains were 0·69, 0·94, 0·63, 1·09, 0·64 and 1·07 kg/day. Ammonia treatment had no effect on intake or live-weight gain. Live-weight and carcass gains and carcass quality improved when barley was given.3. The maize silage offered in Experiment 1 contained similar metabolizable energy but more starch than that in Experiment 2 and was used more efficiently for live-weight gain.

A note on the progressive carcass-weight changes of fattening store lambs

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYTwo experiments involving the sequential slaughter of intensively fattened store lambs were each carried out over a period of 12 weeks. In the first experiment the lambs were offered a concentrate diet ad libitum. In the second experiment they were offered swede turnips ad libitum with a limited amount of concentrates.In each experiment, similar groups of lambs were slaughtered at equal intervals in order to measure progressive changes in live weight, carcass weight and dry-matter intake. Carcass-weight gain as a proportion of live-weight gain was found to be 74% in the first experiment and 86% in the second experiment.

Intensive beef production. 12. Replacement of concentrates with chopped dried grass

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
R. Massie ◽  
A. MacDearmid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Trial

SUMMARY1. A growth trial was carried out using 24 British Friesian steers given diets containing (1) 100%, (2) 60%, (3) 40% and (4) 0% concentrates and chopped dried grass up to 100%.2. Daily dry-matter intake was significantly lower for steers on Treatment 1 than for steers on the other three treatments.3. Rate of live-weight gain declined from 1·18 to 0·88 kg/day and carcass gain from 625 to 430 g/day between steers on Treatments 1 and 4.4. Killing-out percentage dropped from 55·3% (1) to 51·9% (4) and the 8th-10th rib from steers on Treatments 3 and 4 contained significantly more crude protein and less ether-extractable matter than ribs from steers on Treatments 1 and 2.

scholarly journals Effects of High Ambient Temperature and Bypass Protein Supplementation on Performance of Crossbred Lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Dahlanuddin Dahlanuddin ◽  
C.J. Thwaites ◽  
J.V. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of dietary supplementation with a source ofbypass protein (cottonseed meal, CSM) on the performance of growing crossbred wethers fed lowdigestibility roughage at high ambient temperature. Sixteen unshorn Border Leicester x Merino lambsaged 6 months and weighing 24.90.37 kg were allocated into a 2x2 factorial design (2 diets and 2ambient temperatures). Each group was fed either wheaten chaff + 2% urea ad libitum or wheaten chaff +1% urea ad libitum + 100g/d cottonseed meal. The results show that respiration rate and rectal temperaturewere significantly affected by ambient temperature (P<0.01), but not by diet. Total dry matter intake wassignificantly higher (P<0.01) at lower temperature than at high temperature, and significantly higher(P=0.04) on the supplemented diet than on the control diet. Water intake tended (P=0.06) to be higher onthe CSM+ diet than on the control diet, and was significantly at greater (P<0.01) high ambient temperaturethan at low temperature. The concentration of NH3-N in the rumen fluid (ranged from 310±17 to 413±20mg N/L) did not differ significantly either between diets or ambient temperatures. Blood plasma ureanitrogen concentration was significantly higher in sheep on the control diet than in those on thesupplemented diet, and at low than high temperature. The organic matter digestibility was not significantlyaffected by temperature and diet. The rate of live weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) reduced by highambient temperature and the interaction between diet and temperature was significant (P<0.01). At lowtemperature, lambs on the supplemented diet grew significantly faster than those on the control diet, butnot at high temperature. In conclusion, high ambient temperature increases respiration rate, rectaltemperature and water intake but reduces dry matter intake and live weight gain. Supplementation with100 g/d of cottonseed meal could not outweigh the depressing effects of constant high ambienttemperature and humidity imposed in this experiment.

Intensive beef production 13. Replacement of concentrates with root crops

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
R. Massie
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Matter Basis

SUMMARY1. Two growth trials and a digestibility trial were carried out with a total of 84 British Friesian steers to investigate the substitution of root crops for a part of the concentrates in an all-concentrate diet. In Trial 1 six experimental diets were offered ad libitum and contained, on a dry-matter basis, (1) 100% concentrates, (2) 34%, (3) 66%, (4) 87% sliced swedes and (5) 66%, (6) 87% whole potatoes. In Trial 2, five diets were offered ad libitum and contained (1) 100% concentrates or (2) 34%, (3) 50%, (4) 66%, (5) 100% swedes.2. In both the growth trials when the steers weighed less than 350 kg live weight, daily dry-matter intake was lower for steers offered the highest proportion of swedes than for steers offered concentrates. Substitution of potatoes for concentrates resulted in a higher daily dry-matter intake and daily live-weight gain than did substitution of swedes.3. In Trials 1 and 2 rate of live-weight gain and in Trial 2 carcass gain were similar for steers on treatments 1 and 2. In Trial 2 liveweight gain declined from 1-05 to 0-87 kg/day and carcass gain declined from 0-62 to 0-51 kg/day between steers on treatments 1 and 5. 4. The replacement of concentrates with swedes or potatoes did not affect the overall digestibility of dry matter.

The protein requirements of rapidly growing steers

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
H. B. Bowers ◽  
G. McKiddie
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

1. Two growth trials and digestibility trials were carried out with 54 steers given diets containing either 11%, 14% or 17% crude protein in the dry matter and the same concentration of metabolisable energy.2. There were no significant differences in either dry-matter intake or live-weight gain by the steers given the diets containing 14% or 17% crude protein. Dry-matter intake was lower for the steers given the diet containing 11% crude protein and their live-weight gain was lower up to 250 kg live weight. Beyond 250 kg live weight their live-weight gain was similar to that of the steers on the two other treatments.3. Both dry-matter digestibility and apparent nitrogen digestibility were lowest for those steers given the diet containing 11% crude protein.

A report on the treatment of beef cattle with tranquilisers and antibiotics

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dodsworth ◽  
C. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Live Weight Gain

The results are given from trials which were designed to demonstrate the effects of feeding antibiotics and a tranquiliser to beef cattle. In Trial 1 the feeding of 80 mg. aureomycin daily produced no significant effect. In Trial 2 the feeding of neither 2·5 mg. hydroxyzine nor 80 mg. terramycin nor the two combined produced any significant effect except to depress the level of intake of dry-matter over the whole trial period. This reduction in drymatter intake did not lead to an increase in efficiency of conversion (lb. dry-matter intake per lb. live-weight gain). In trial 2 the tranquiliser tetrahydrozoline was unsuccessfully used at the beginning of the trial in an attempt to reduce the loss in live-weight suffered when the animals were tied up.

A note on red clover silage for cattle finishing

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Day ◽  
R. D. Harkess ◽  
D. M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTTrials were carried out over two winters to compare red clover and grass silage for cattle finishing.The silages were mixed to give rations containing 0,25,50,75 or 100% red clover dry-matter and were offered ad libitum to individually fed British Friesian-type steers. Significant differences in dry-matter intake occurred but the effect of silage type on animal performance was not significant. Barley supplementation had a significant effect on both total dry-matter intake and daily live-weight gain.

An evaluation of red clover silage for beef production

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
W. A. McIlmoyle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTTwo experiments have been conducted to compare wilted, formic acid-treated red clover and unwilted, formic acid-treated grass silages for beef production, and to examine the effects of digestibility of red clover and level of concentrate supplementation on food intake and animal performance.In experiment 1, 12 groups of four British Friesian steers (initial live weight 229 kg) were given red clover silages of high and low dry-matter digestibility (0·70 and 0·60 respectively) and grass silage (0·71) ad libitum for a period of 11 weeks. Silage dry-matter intake and live-weight gain for the steers given red clover of high digestibility, red clover of low digestibility and grass silages were 7·75, 0·89; 6·91, 0·69; and 5·59, 0·59 kg/day respectively.In experiment 2, 12 groups of four British Friesian steers (initial live weight 332 kg) were given red clover silage with a dry-matter digestibility of 0·63 and grass silage with a value of 0·76 ad libitum, either unsupplemented or supplemented, with 2 kg/day of fortified barley per head for a period of 19 weeks. Silage dry-matter intake, live-weight gain and carcass gain were 8·52, 0·63, 0·32 and 6·98, 0·78, 0·43 kg/day for the unsupplemented and supplemented red clover silage treatments, and 6·82, 0·59, 0·31 and 5·75, 0·75, 0·44 kg/day for the unsupplemented and supplemented grass silage treatments respectively. The performance of the cattle offered red clover silage was similar to that of cattle offered grass silage of 0·12 higher digestibility, largely as the result of higher dry matter intakes achieved on red clover silage.

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