Taste responses of calves to various concentrations of different salts

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Mehren ◽  
D. C. Church
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Cupric Chloride ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Chemical Concentration ◽  
Monobasic Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Taste Response ◽  
Rejection Threshold ◽  
Preference Threshold

SUMMARYExperiments were conducted to observe the taste responses of male and female calves to various levels of sodium salts, chloride solutions, and trace minerals. Animals were penned individually and given a completely pelleted ration ad libitum. Trace mineralized salt was freely available.Using water as a basis for determination, a non-discrimination zone was established. This zone represented an intake ranging from 63 to 37%. Preference threshold was set at 80% of intake, while the rejection threshold was set at 20% of intake. Responses were determined by expressing the intake of the test solution as a percentage of the total intake during the test period. Responses at a given chemical concentration were measured during two 8-hr periods.Taste response observations were made on the following: 0·02, 0·08, 0·32 or 1·25% sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate, monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), dibasic sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and manganese chloride. In addition, observations were made when 0·02, 0·08, 0·32 or 1·25% NaHCO3, Na2SO4, or Na2HPO4 were offered in opposition to equal concentrations of NaCl. The responses to 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 p.p.m. concentrations of cupric chloride, zinc chloride, molybdenum trioxide and cobaltous chloride were observed also.

scholarly journals Infectivity ofPasteurella tularensisclouds

1961 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein

The infectivity ofPasteurella tularensisclouds decreases with age, for guineapigs challenged by the peritoneal and respiratory routes. No decrease occurs in mice challenged peritoneally. The loss of infectivity depends to some extent on age of culture but more especially on culture medium used. Cultures grown in a partially hydrolysed casein medium and aged 2–3 weeks lose infectivity severely in clouds held 20 hr. at 85%r.h., whereas if grown in cysteine broth with catalase (CBC) no loss occurs in this time until cultures are aged several months. Chloride ion, yeast extract and casein hydrolysate are shown to be infectivity depressors when used in culture media or when added to suspensions before spraying. Sodium chloride in CBC can be replaced adequately by sodium sulphate or sodium phosphate for growth of the organism.

scholarly journals LEACHING OF URANIUM ORES IN THE PROCESS OF SODIUM SULPHATE ELECTROLYSIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
V.G. Nefedov ◽  
Yu.E. Sknar ◽  
O.A. Kharytonova
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Content ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Chemical Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Activity ◽  
Electrode Layer ◽  
Tetravalent Uranium ◽  
Hexavalent Uranium ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Ph Range

When uranium is extracted from concentrates with high silicon content, acid leaching is usually used. The disadvantage of this method is the high consumption, high cost and corrosion activity of the reagents. Moreover, for the oxidation of tetravalent uranium to highly soluble hexavalent uranium, it is necessary to process it with oxidizing agents, for example, oxygen. The work shows the possibility of development and chemical concentration of uranium ores using electrolysis of sodium sulfate. During electrolysis the pH in the anode chambers ranges from 2.2…2.5 to 0.5…0.7 in the near-electrode layer of the electrolyte, which corresponds to the pH range during leaching in agitators. Oxygen released at the anode is able to oxidize uranium to hexavalent one.

scholarly journals Effects of a Sodium Phosphate Electrolyte Additive on Elevated Temperature Performance of Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathodes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4670
Author(s):  
Minsang Jo ◽  
Seong-Hyo Park ◽  
Hochun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Electrolyte Additive ◽  
Monobasic Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Oxide Cathodes ◽  
Spinel Cathode ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

LiMn2O4 (LMO) spinel cathode materials suffer from severe degradation at elevated temperatures because of Mn dissolution. In this research, monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4, P2) is examined as an electrolyte additive to mitigate Mn dissolution; thus, the thermal stability of the LMO cathode material is improved. The P2 additive considerably improves the cyclability and storage performances of LMO/graphite and LMO/LMO symmetric cells at 60 °C. We explain that P2 suppresses the hydrofluoric acid content in the electrolyte and forms a protective cathode electrolyte interphase layer, which mitigates the Mn dissolution behavior of the LMO cathode material. Considering its beneficial role, the P2 additive is a useful additive for spinel LMO cathodes that suffer from severe Mn dissolution.

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