Chitinophaga solisilvae sp. nov., isolated from forest soil

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, O9T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected at Dai, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, PR China. Strain O9T grew optimally at pH 7.0, at 28‒30 °C and in the absence of NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain O9T within the genus Chitinophaga of the family Chitinophagaceae, with Chitinophaga terrae KP01T (97.8 %), Chitinophaga jiangningensis JN53T (97.7 %), Chitinophaga niastensis JS16-4T (97.4 %), Chitinophaga qingshengii JN246T (97.3 %) and Chitinophaga dinghuensis DHOC24T (97.3 %) as its closest relatives. Strain O9T hydrolysed casein, gelatin and Tween 80. It could not assimilate l-arabinose, l-rhamnose, sucrose, melibiose, gentiobiose or d-fructose as a carbon source. It was negative for esterase lipase (C8) and β-glucosidase. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the predominant polar lipid. The major respiratory quinone of strain O9T was MK-7. Its major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (34.2 %), C16:1 ω5c (20.9 %) and iso-C17:0 3-OH (12.6 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain O9T was 49.0 mol% based on total genome calculations. The average nucleotide identity score between the genomic sequence of strain O9T and that of Chitinophaga terrae KP01T was 72.9%. The Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator showed that DNA‒DNA hybridization values for strain O9T and Chitinophaga terrae KP01T were 13.6, 21.1 and 14.4%, respectively. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, strain O9T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga , for which the name Chitinophaga solisilvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is O9T (=CGMCC 1.12462T=KCTC 32404T).

An extensively hydrolysed casein-based formula for infants with cows' milk protein allergy: tolerance/hypo-allergenicity and growth catch-up

Children with cows' milk protein allergy (CMPA) are at risk of insufficient length and weight gain, and the nutritional efficacy of hypo-allergenic formulas should be carefully assessed. In 2008, a trial assessed the impact of probiotic supplementation of an extensively hydrolysed casein-based formula (eHCF) on acquisition of tolerance in 119 infants with CMPA. First analysis of the study results showed that the studied formula allowed improvement of food-related symptoms. The scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index was assessed at randomisation and after 6 months of feeding. A post hoc analysis was performed using WHO growth software's nutritional survey module (WHO Anthro version 3.2.2). All infants who were fed the study formula tolerated it well. The SCORAD index significantly improved from randomisation to 6 months of feeding with the study formula. Anthropometric data indicated a significant improvement in the weight-for-age, length-for-age and weight-for-length z scores, as well as in the restoration of normal BMI. The probiotic supplementation did not show any impact on these parameters. The present data showed that this eHCF was clinically tolerated and significantly improved the SCORAD index and growth indices.

The anti-inflammatory potential of a moderately hydrolysed casein and its 5 kDa fraction in in vitro and ex vivo models of the gastrointestinal tract

Bioactive peptides from milk can impart a wide range of physiological benefits without the allergies and intolerance associated with the consumption of whole milk.

Effects of hydrolysed casein, intact casein and intact whey protein on energy expenditure and appetite regulation: a randomised, controlled, cross-over study

Casein and whey differ in amino acid composition and in the rate of absorption; however, the absorption rate of casein can be increased to mimic that of whey by exogenous hydrolysis. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of hydrolysed casein (HC), intact casein (IC) and intact whey (IW) on energy expenditure (EE) and appetite regulation, and thereby to investigate the influence of amino acid composition and the rate of absorption. In the present randomised cross-over study, twenty-four overweight and moderately obese young men and women consumed three isoenergetic dietary treatments that varied in protein source. The study was conducted in a respiration chamber, where EE, substrate oxidation and subjective appetite were measured over 24 h at three independent visits. Moreover, blood and urine samples were collected from the participants. The results showed no differences in 24 h and postprandial EE or appetite regulation. However, lipid oxidation, estimated from the respiratory quotient (RQ), was found to be higher after consumption of IW than after consumption of HC during daytime (P= 0·014) as well as during the time after the breakfast meal (P= 0·008) when the food was provided. Likewise, NEFA concentrations were found to be higher after consumption of IW than after consumption of HC and IC (P< 0·01). However, there was no overall difference in the concentration of insulin or glucagon-like peptide 1. In conclusion, dietary treatments when served as high-protein mixed meals induced similar effects on EE and appetite regulation, except for lipid oxidation, where RQ values suggest that it is higher after consumption of IW than after consumption of HC.