scholarly journals Foreign Patents: Preparation of potassium and sodium phosphate from potassium or sodium sulphate and phosphoric acid

1879 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
A Clemm
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate

Radiometric Study of Phosphate Coatings Formed on Steel in Pretreatment Baths★

CORROSION ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS F. BOYD ◽  
MICHAEL GALAN ◽  
LEONARD MARKOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Coating ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Coatings ◽  
Sodium Phosphates

Abstract An investigation has been made of the amount of phosphate coating formed on steel by various rustinhibiting solutions. The treatments used were phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid with sodium dichromate and sodium nitrite with diammonium phosphate and with sodium phosphates. No correlation was found between the amount of phosphate coating formed and corrosion resistance. The nature of the coating appears to be the significant factor. The most corrosion resistant coatings were formed by diammonium phosphate-sodium nitrite and sodium phosphate-sodium nitrite treatments, the least by phosphoric acid alone.

scholarly journals Infectivity ofPasteurella tularensisclouds

1961 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein

The infectivity ofPasteurella tularensisclouds decreases with age, for guineapigs challenged by the peritoneal and respiratory routes. No decrease occurs in mice challenged peritoneally. The loss of infectivity depends to some extent on age of culture but more especially on culture medium used. Cultures grown in a partially hydrolysed casein medium and aged 2–3 weeks lose infectivity severely in clouds held 20 hr. at 85%r.h., whereas if grown in cysteine broth with catalase (CBC) no loss occurs in this time until cultures are aged several months. Chloride ion, yeast extract and casein hydrolysate are shown to be infectivity depressors when used in culture media or when added to suspensions before spraying. Sodium chloride in CBC can be replaced adequately by sodium sulphate or sodium phosphate for growth of the organism.

scholarly journals The solubility of calcium phosphates in citric acid

1917 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Bone Ash

The results of these investigations show1. The substances sold as “Phosphate of lime” and “Calcium Phosphas B.P.” are not pure tricalcic phosphate but are mixtures of di- and tricalcic phosphates.2. Sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) added to ammoniacal calcium chloride and the resulting precipitate washed with water yields a mixture of di- and tricalcic phosphate and calcium hydrate.3. Bone ash dissolved in hydrochloric acid and precipitated with ammonia, the precipitate being well washed, yields also a mixture of di- and tricalcium phosphate and calcium hydrate.4. When three equivalents of lime (3CaO) are made to act on one equivalent of phosphoric acid (P2O5) and the resulting precipitate removed with little delay pure tricalcium phosphate is obtained.

Taste responses of calves to various concentrations of different salts

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Mehren ◽  
D. C. Church
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Cupric Chloride ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Chemical Concentration ◽  
Monobasic Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Taste Response ◽  
Rejection Threshold ◽  
Preference Threshold

SUMMARYExperiments were conducted to observe the taste responses of male and female calves to various levels of sodium salts, chloride solutions, and trace minerals. Animals were penned individually and given a completely pelleted ration ad libitum. Trace mineralized salt was freely available.Using water as a basis for determination, a non-discrimination zone was established. This zone represented an intake ranging from 63 to 37%. Preference threshold was set at 80% of intake, while the rejection threshold was set at 20% of intake. Responses were determined by expressing the intake of the test solution as a percentage of the total intake during the test period. Responses at a given chemical concentration were measured during two 8-hr periods.Taste response observations were made on the following: 0·02, 0·08, 0·32 or 1·25% sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate, monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), dibasic sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and manganese chloride. In addition, observations were made when 0·02, 0·08, 0·32 or 1·25% NaHCO3, Na2SO4, or Na2HPO4 were offered in opposition to equal concentrations of NaCl. The responses to 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 p.p.m. concentrations of cupric chloride, zinc chloride, molybdenum trioxide and cobaltous chloride were observed also.

The External Shape of Human γ GI Immunoglobulin from Crystal Sections

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
L. W. Labaw
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Crystallographic Axes

Crystals of a human γGl immunoglobulin have the external morphology of diamond shaped prisms. X-ray studies have shown them to be monoclinic, space group C2, with 2 molecules per unit cell. The unit cell dimensions are a = 194.1, b = 91.7, c = 51.6Å, 8 = 102°. The relatively large molecular weight of 151,000 and these unit cell dimensions made this a promising crystal to study in the EM.Crystals similar to those used in the x-ray studies were fixed at 5°C for three weeks in a solution of mother liquor containing 5 x 10-5M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, and 0.03% glutaraldehyde. They were postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 15 min. and embedded in Maraglas the usual way. Sections were cut perpendicular to the three crystallographic axes. Such a section cut with its plane perpendicular to the z direction is shown in Fig. 1.This projection of the crystal in the z direction shows periodicities in at least four different directions but these are only seen clearly by sighting obliquely along the micrograph.

Morphological Observations on the Granule Types in Rabbit Extra-Adrenal Chromaffin Cells.

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Robert D. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin

Extra-adrenal chromaffin organs (abdominal paraganglia) constitute rich sources of catecholamines. It is believed that these bodies contain norepinephrine exclusively. However, the present workers recently observed epinephrine type granules in para- ganglion cells. This report investigates catecholamine containing granules in rabbit paraganglia at the ultrastructural level.New Zealand white rabbits (150-170 grams) were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg Nembutal (IP) and perfused with 3% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.2M sodium phosphate, pH 7.3. The retroperitoneal tissue blocks were removed and placed in perfusion fluid for 4 hours. The abdominal paraganglia were dissected from the blocks, diced, washed in phosphate buffer and fixed in 1% osmic acid buffered with phosphate. In other animals, the glutaraldehyde perfused tissue blocks were immersed for 1 hour in 3% glutaraldehyde/2.5% potassium iodate buffered as before. The paraganglia were then diced, separated into two vials and washed in the buffer. A portion of this tissue received osmic acid fixation.

Fluorocitrate Neural Dystrophy of the Guinea Pig Cochlea

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
G.J. Spector ◽  
C.D. Carr ◽  
I. Kaufman Arenberg ◽  
R.H. Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Barium Salt ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Neural Degeneration ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Cochlear Neurons

All studies on primary neural degeneration in the cochlea have evaluated the end stages of degeneration or the indiscriminate destruction of both sensory cells and cochlear neurons. We have developed a model which selectively simulates the dystrophic changes denoting cochlear neural degeneration while sparing the cochlear hair cells. Such a model can be used to define more precisely the mechanism of presbycusis or the hearing loss in aging man.Twenty-two pigmented guinea pigs (200-250 gm) were perfused by the perilymphatic route as live preparations using fluorocitrate in various concentrations (15-250 ug/cc) and at different incubation times (5-150 minutes). The barium salt of DL fluorocitrate, (C6H4O7F)2Ba3, was reacted with 1.0N sulfuric acid to precipitate the barium as a sulfate. The perfusion medium was prepared, just prior to use, as follows: sodium phosphate buffer 0.2M, pH 7.4 = 9cc; fluorocitrate = 15-200 mg/cc; and sucrose = 0.2M.

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