The use of percussion drilling to obtain core samples from rock-shelter deposits

Antiquity ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (233) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Bailey ◽  
Gwyn Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
Carbon Dating ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Percussion Drilling ◽  
Deep Sounding ◽  
Rock Shelters

How many excavators of deep palaeolithic sites, especially in caves or rock-shelters, dig with any clear knowledge of how deep the deposits they are working in actually are, or of the ages of the lower portions? Here an alternative is offered to the traditional approach by a ‘deep sounding’ of conventional excavation. A crucial element to the strategy at Klithi is the possibility of carbon-dating, by accelerator, samples of the small size commonly obtained from a drilled core.

Coprolites from Rock Shelters: Hunter-Gatherers “Herding” Barbary Sheep in the Early Holocene Sahara

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Rotunno ◽  
Anna Maria Mercuri ◽  
Assunta Florenzano ◽  
Andrea Zerboni ◽  
Savino di Lernia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Barbary Sheep ◽  
Subsistence Economies ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Pastoral Neolithic ◽  
Rock Shelters

Abstract Archaeological deposits in rock shelters have enormous informative potential, particularly in arid environments where organic materials are well preserved. In these areas, sub-fossilized coprolites and dung remains have been identified as valuable proxies for inferences about past environments, subsistence economies and cultural trajectories. Here we present a multidisciplinary analysis of bovid (ovicaprine) coprolites collected from the Early Holocene hunter-gatherer occupation at Takarkori rock shelter (SW Libya, central Sahara). Our results show that Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) were managed as early as ~9500 years cal BP, mostly with the rearing of juveniles. Palynological analysis of individual pellets suggests a seasonal confinement of the animals and the selection of fodder. GIS analysis of coprolite distribution also indicates sophisticated strategies of Barbary sheep “herding” and spatial differentiation of specialized areas within the rock shelter, including the construction and use of a stone-based enclosure for corralling animals. These highly structured and organized forms of control over wild animals are interpreted as a potential co-evolutionary trigger for the subsequent rapid adoption and integration of the incoming pastoral Neolithic economy.

Two Lenape Rock Shelters near Philadelphia

1947 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Butler
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Delaware River ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
Delaware County ◽  
University Museum ◽  
The University ◽  
The Town ◽  
Rock Shelters

In 1941–42 J. Frank Sterling, Paul Delgrego, and W. W. Yenney, amateurs who had become interested in collecting local Indian artifacts, excavated a rock .shelter on a stream flowing into Langford Run, near the town of Broomall in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Langford Run is a tributary of Darby Creek, which in turn flows into the Delaware River from the west at Eddystone, about ten miles southwest of Philadelphia. Further excavation, in a second shelter about 100 yards away from the first, on Langford Run proper, soon uncovered a burial, and contact was established with the University Museum in the fall of 1943 through the good offices of Dr. and Mrs. H. O. Albrecht, members of the Society for American Archaeology.

scholarly journals Depositional processes and environmental settings in rock shelters: the case of the prehistoric Oscurusciuto site (Southern Italy)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ivan Martini ◽  
Andrea Baucon ◽  
Francesco Boschin
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
Archeological Site ◽  
Human Trampling ◽  
Rock Shelters

Abstract Clastic successions in rock shelters commonly host important archaeological findings, especially of prehistoric and protostoric times. The understanding of depositional and post-depositional processes in these environments is crucial to understand the lifestyle settings of humans, as well as the reliability of archaeological data obtained during excavations. Rock shelters are genetically related to caves, but while depositional processes in caves are generally well known, less information is available concerning the depositional processes active in rock shelters. This paper tries to contribute to this issue, describing the sedimentary succession exposed at the Oscurusciuto rock shelter (Ginosa, Southern Italy). This is one of the most important Middle Palaeolithic sites of the Italian peninsula, and its sedimentary infill hosts witnesses of very late Neanderthal populations that lived in Italy just before their total decline and complete replacement by Modern Humans (MH). This work presents the results of a sedimentologically based study integrated with an ichnological study of selected beds. The combination of these two methodologies allowed us to: (i) define the main depositional processes active in the rock shelter environment, as well as the relationships between different processes; (ii) discuss the meaning of peculiar ichnofabrics recognized at the site, and (iii) discuss the meaning of structureless strata at an archeological site in the framework of human trampling vs bioturbation as a cause of the obliteration of primary sedimentary structures.

Cave and rock shelter sediments of southern Africa: a review of the chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental record from Marine Isotope Stage 6 to 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stratford ◽  
K. Braun ◽  
P. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South African ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Pinnacle Point ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
Rock Shelters

Abstract Caves and rock shelters contribute important records to local, regional and sub-continental reconstructions of environment and climate change through the southern African Quaternary. Against a backdrop of pronounced climate change, the archaeological record of the Marine Isotope Stage 6 to 1 period in southern Africa documents a remarkable time in the behavioural and technological evolution of anatomically modern humans. Significant evidence of this evolution is represented in diverse components of the sedimentary record in caves and rock shelters in the region. We present a catalogue of published caves and rock shelters in southern Africa that preserve temporally-relevant clastic and chemical palaeoclimatic proxies in order to: (1) facilitate the integration of cave and rock shelter sedimentary data into broader, regional chronostratigraphically-correlated palaeoclimatic sequences; and (2) identify possible areas and proxies that require focused research in the future. To demonstrate the complexity of the Marine Isotope Stage 6 to 1 stratigraphic record and use of palaeoenvironmental proxies, we present three case studies representing interior and coastal contexts: Border Cave, Klasies River Mouth and Pinnacle Point. These examples aptly demonstrate the challenges of these contexts, but also the opportunities for palaeoenvironmental research in southern Africa when conducted through integrated, multidisciplinary approaches. Published records of palaeoenvironmental research from cave and rock shelter sequences in southern Africa are heavily biased to the South African coastal areas and the record is temporally and spatially fragmented. However, there are interesting patterns in the chronostratigraphic record and in the distribution of sites within the context of the geology and vegetation ecology of southern Africa that require further exploration. There are also promising techniques in stable isotope analysis that can be applied to abundant sedimentary components found in the region’s caves and rock shelters, and in its museums.

How new is the New World?

Antiquity ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (234) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Dillehay
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Carbon Dating ◽  
Research Questions

The first settlement of the Americas is one of those research questions in which convictions have sometimes seemed as important as data. There has recently been encouragement both for True Believers, in the very early sequence of dates reported by the French from a Brazilian rock-shelter, and for True Sceptics, in the revised and more recent dates now given to some of the older finds from North America after further study by AMS carbon dating. Here, a review of a major new book is the opportunity to review the issues.

Middle and Later Stone Age hunters and their prey in southern Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Plug
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Later Stone Age ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Faunal Studies ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Rock Shelters

Identifications of animal remains from southern African Stone Age sites are complicated by the abundancy of taxa, skeletal differences, a wide variety of habitats, and the fragmented condition of most of the bone samples. Studies in osteomorphology and osteometry are essential. There are regional variations in species sizes combined with changes in bone sizes within and between taxa. Seasonality and animal migrations are demonstrated in the highlands of Lesotho and the semi-arid Karoo. Faunal studies of Sibudu and Bushman Rock Shelter show the contrast between two rock shelters that are geographically separated but overlap in occupation periods.

scholarly journals Identification of Painted Rock-Shelter Sites Using GIS Integrated with a Decision Support System and Fuzzy Logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruman Banerjee ◽  
Prashant Srivastava ◽  
A. Pike ◽  
George Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Central India ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Rock Shelters

The conservation and protection of painted rock shelters is an important issue. Throughout the world, if unprotected, they are vulnerable to vandalism or to industrial activities such as quarrying. This research explores the integrated use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) with a multi-criteria decision support system and fuzzy logic to identify possible rock art sites over the Vindhyan Plateau in the district of Mirzapur, Central India. The methodology proposed compares results obtained by spatial modelling with validation data derived from recent exhaustive field surveys of more than forty newly discovered rock-shelters in the Vindhyan region. The zones obtained by predictive modelling are in agreement with validation datasets and show that the method can be used for new site prospection. This method represents a potential tool for landscape planners and policy makers to employ when seeking protection from anthropogenic activities of potential areas of painted rock-shelter sites and archaeological deposits.

Student Clinicians Self-Evaluating Performance by Reviewing Session Videos and Using a Rubric

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Evaluation Rubrics

Development of self-evaluation skills in student clinicians is a crucial element of clinical education. This article reviews pertinent information regarding supervisors' responsibilities related to teaching supervisees to self-evaluate. Previously identified methods of facilitating these skills are discussed. The use of video self-analyses paired with self-evaluation rubrics is explored.

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