The myth of long-distance megalith transport

Antiquity ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (246) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Thorpe ◽  
O. Williams-Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Early Farming ◽  
Distance Transport

The megalithic monuments of western Europe have long been a celebrated proof of the engineering achievements possible in an early farming society. With the engineering skills to raise up the stones went the capability to move them to the site, with Stonehenge the best-known example of an apparent long-distance transport, incorporating Welsh bluestones and sarsens that perhaps originate in the Avebury region to the north. Following their recent challenge to the belief that the builders of Stonehenge did carry its bluestones from west Wales, the authors look critically at the larger pattern of megalithic manoeuvring.

Paleoecological implications of the first prehistoric record of water vole (Microtus richardsoni) from Washington state, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
R. Lee Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

AbstractRemains of the North American water vole (Microtus richardsoni) have previously been recovered from late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in southwestern Alberta, western Montana, and north-central Wyoming. All are within the historically documented modern range of the metapopulation occupying the Rocky Mountains; no ancient remains of this large microtine have previously been reported from the metapopulation occupying the Cascade Range. Four lower first molar specimens from the late Holocene Stemilt Creek Village archaeological site in central Washington here identified as water vole are from the eastern slope of the Cascade Range and are extralimital to the metapopulation found in those mountains. There is no taphonomic evidence indicating long-distance transport of the teeth, and modern trapping records suggest the local absence of water voles from the site area today is not a function of sampling error. The precise age of the Stemilt Creek Village water voles is obscure but climate change producing well-documented late Holocene advances of nearby alpine glaciers could have created habitat conditions conducive to the apparent modest shift in the range of the species represented by the remains.

The Alarm Center in Stockholm County Council

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Bo Brismar
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
County Council ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Medical Transport ◽  
Transportation Vehicle ◽  
Distance Transport

During the last ten years, both in Western Europe and in the USA, the attitude towards medical transport activities has radically changed. From being a purely transportation vehicle the ambulance is now increasingly regarded as an extended arm of medical care. At the same time as ambulance crews have received more qualified medical training, the equipment of the ambulances themselves has been improved. In several countries such as the USA, France and West Germany, a differentiated ambulance organization has been built up, with specially equipped emergency ambulances manned by paramedics, and standard ambulances with emergency technicians for planned transports. During this time helicopters have been put into increasing use as a supplement to ambulances for emergency long distance transport to units such as trauma and burn centers.

Drift carbonate on the Canadian Shield

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Karrow ◽  
R. S. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Organic Sediment ◽  
High Carbonate ◽  
Paleozoic Carbonates ◽  
Lake Deposits ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Fine Organic

Carbonates occur in the drift over large areas of the Precambrian Shield in Ontario. Paleozoic carbonates were transported by glaciers from the Hudson Bay Lowland and from Manitoba. Local sources in Precambrian rocks also contribute carbonate. A carbonate line corresponding approximately to the Nipigon and Chapleau moraines delimits high–carbonate drift to the north and may represent a significant ice marginal position or readvance about 9500 BP.Shield drift carbonates suggest that there are potential errors in radiocarbon dating of fine organic sediment (old carbon error); that there is a relationship between the occurrence of fossil molluscs in glacial and postglacial lake deposits and drift carbonate distribution; that long-distance transport will affect drift prospecting; and that susceptibility to acidification of lakes is affected by both drift and bedrock composition.

The First Waggons and Carts—from the Tigris to the Severn

1951 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gordon Childe
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Economic Use

At the end of the 12th century A.D. Henry II sent a substantial portion of the provisions and gear for his invasion of Ireland from Abingdon and Oxford to Bristol by cart. At the beginning of the 12th century B.C. a migrating horde from the north conveyed its household goods, women and children to the frontiers of Egypt in ox carts. No doubt the wide alluvial plains of Hither Asia, even before goats and charcoal-burners had stripped them of their parkland vegetation, were more congenial to the use of wheeled vehicles for long distance transport than the temperate forests of Britain and Cis-Alpine Europe. Still even in Asia, I suspect, the first economic use of wheeled vehicles was for the carriage of bulky foodstuffs from the fields, where they were grown, to the settlements, where they were stored and consumed, and of farmyard manure in the opposite direction. It was in this way by allowing a larger population to be fed at a single centre that the invention of the wheel contributed to the Urban Revolution in Mesopotamia. (In Egypt, where all cultivable land lies close to the Nile, boats took the place of carts).

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

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