scholarly journals Ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, polydextrose, increases calcium absorption and bone mineralization in normal and total-gastrectomized rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Takuya Suzuki ◽  
Yoritaka Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre

We previously demonstrated that feeding a highly fermentable and water-soluble dietary fibre, guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH) increased intestinal absorption of insoluble Ca salts in total-gastrectomized rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of feeding a less fermentable and water-soluble fibre, polydextrose (PD), on Ca absorption and bone mineralization in the normal and total-gastrectomized rats in comparison with the effects of GGH. Apparent Ca absorption was severely lowered by gastrectomy, and PD feeding (50 g/kg diet) partially restored the reduction of Ca absorption similarly to GGH feeding (50 g/kg diet). PD feeding also increased the Ca absorption in normal rats, but not GGH feeding. Femur Ca concentration was reduced with gastrectomy. Feeding PD for 21 d increased the bone Ca concentration in both normal and gastrectomized rats, but GGH feeding did not. In rats fed PD, pH of the caecal contents was lower than in rats fed fibre-free and GGH diets; however, soluble Ca concentration in the caecal contents was not different between the diet groups. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations were much lower in the PD groups than in the GGH groups. We also examinedin vitroCa absorption by using everted sacs of the small intestine. Addition of PD to the serosal medium of the ileal sacs increased Ca absorption, but addition of GGH did not. These results suggest that the small intestine rather than the large intestine is responsible for the increase in Ca absorption in rats fed PD, and suggests that the mechanism for the increase by PD may be different from that by GGH.

scholarly journals Effect of soluble dietary fibre on the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents and the acute glycaemic response in the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cameron-Smith ◽  
G. R. Collier ◽  
K. O'dea
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre

The postprandial glycaemic response following a meal is reduced with the addition of soluble dietary fibre. The reductions in the glycaemia are thought to be due largely to increased viscosity of the gastrointestinal (GI) contents retarding digestion and absorption. The aims of the present study were to determine the effect that the GI tract has on the viscosity of meals containing different soluble fibres and to determine whether the glycaemic response of a meal (containing the soluble fibre) was predicted by the viscosity of the digesta in the small intestine. High carbohydrate diets containing 70 g soluble fibre (guar gum, xanthan gum or methylcellulose)/kg or 70 g insoluble fibre (wheat bran)/kg were diluted in water to a final fibre concentration of 18 g/kg. Following dilution the wheat bran diet had no measurable viscosity, while the viscosities of the soluble fibre diets were elevated. When the diets were fed to male Sprague–Dawley rats for 2 weeks the viscosities of the stomach and small intestinal digesta were not predicted by the viscosity of the diets measured before ingestion The action of the GI tract on the viscosity of the soluble fibres was investigatedin vitroby dilution of the diets with acidic and neutralizing solutions, mimicking gastric and duodenal secretions. Dilution of diets with either acidic and neutralizing solutions or saline control significantly lowered the viscosity of all diets, while alterations in the pH of the diets had little impact on the resultant viscosity. When fasted rats were orally administered with the differing diets (0.25 g carbohydrate/kg body weight), the postprandial glucose response was reduced following the soluble-fibre-containing meals when compared with the wheat bran-supplemented meal, although the reduction in glycaemia only reached statistical significance with xanthan supplementation. These results indicate that there are large changes in the viscosity of a meal containing soluble fibre following ingestion, and that dilution of the diet by GI secretions is important in determining the resultant viscosity in the small intestine. Furthermore, the large differences in viscosity of the GI contents following consumption of the diets containing the soluble fibres were not predictive of the postprandial glycaemic response.

scholarly journals Increases in calcium absorption with ingestion of soluble dietary fibre, guar-gum hydrolysate, depend on the caecum in partially nephrectomized and normal rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Masashi Nagata ◽  
Atsutane Ohta ◽  
Takanori Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Intact Rats

Effects of feeding soluble dietary fibre on apparent Ca absorption and the contribution of the caecum to Ca absorption were examined in five-sixths nephrectomized (NPX)and normal rats with or without caecectomy in four experiments. It is known that Ca absorption is lowered by renal failure. In the first experiment the amounts of femur Ca increased linearly with increasing dietary Ca up to 3·0 g Ca/kg diet in intact rats. Partial nephrectomy decreased apparent Ca absorption in rats fed on diets containing 30 and 4·5 g Ca/kg diet. In the NPX groups, Ca absorption in rats fed on the diet containing guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH; 50 g/kg diet; 3·0 g Ca/kg diet) was significantly higher than that in rats fed on a fibre-free diet, and the increase in Ca absorption with GGH feeding was completely abolished by caecectomy. Also, ingestion of GGH increased Ca absorption in normal rats, but not in normal, caecectomized rats. Mg absorption was also increased with GGH feeding and was decreased with caecaectomyin NPX and normal rats. In experiments which used caecectomized rats, coprophagy wasprevented with an anal cup to avoid re-ingestion of faecal Ca. We conclude that ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, GGH, increased apparent Ca absorption in NPX and non-NPX rats, and the caecum was responsible for these increases in Ca absorption.

scholarly journals Production and characterisation of alcohol-insoluble dietary fibre as a potential sourcefor functional carbohydrates produced by enzymatic depolymerisation of buckwheat hulls

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Im ◽  
K.Y. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Commercial Enzymes ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fibre

We examined the potential use of buckwheat hulls as a raw material for producing soluble dietary fibre. The insoluble fibre fraction obtained from buckwheat hulls was hydrolysed by two commercial enzymes (Celluclast 1.5L for the cellulose fraction and Viscozyme L for the hemicellulose fraction) to obtain soluble fibre hydrolysates. Alcohol-insoluble dietary fibre (AIF) was separated from the freeze-dried soluble hydrolysate by treatment with 85% ethanol. The water-holding, oil-binding, and swelling capacities of AIF were increased by enzymatic hydrolysis. AIF had significantly (P < 0.05) higher functional properties than the control. AIF from the hemicellulose fraction effectively hindered the diffusion of glucose and bile acid from dialysis membranes, and had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater bile acid inhibitory effect than carboxymethylcellulose or pectin. It can be concluded that AIF from buckwheat hulls by enzymatic hydrolysis can used as dietary supplement and additive in the food industry.

scholarly journals Effects of Magnesium on Calcium Absorption in the Small Intestine of Goat and Sheep in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Takaharu KOZAKAI ◽  
Emi KONNO ◽  
Yasuyuki SASAKI ◽  
Kazuo KATOH
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Calcium Absorption

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of guar gum matrix tablets for oral controlled release of water-soluble diltiazem hydrochloride

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. E14-E21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh M. Al-Saidan ◽  
Yellela S. R. Krishnaiah ◽  
S. Patro ◽  
Vemulapalli Satyanaryana
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Diltiazem Hydrochloride ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterisation and Dietary Fibre Analysis of Sugar Beet Supplemented Cookies

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai ◽  
Imran Pasha ◽  
Sabeen Akhter ◽  
Aysha Sameen ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Biochemical Characterisation ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Powder Addition ◽  
Fibre Analysis

This study was planned to utilize sugar beet powder as a rich source of dietary fibre in cookies.Purposely, five treatments namely T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 with 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20% sugar beetpowder addition in wheat flour were chosen to estimate fibre, antioxidant profiling and engineeringproperties of cookies. Results showed an increased content of all above mentioned parameters. With theincrement in sugar beet powder addition in treatments, dietary fibre analysis have shown that total dietaryfibre (TDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and soluble dietary fibre (SDF) have depicted increasing trendwith maximum for T5 for all dietary fibre types. Significant results were obtained for in vitro antioxidantstudies including total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH that showed increasing trend with T1 0.6 mgGAE/g and maximum values for T5 with 2.0 mg GAE/g for TPC and for DPPH with T5 being maximumvalue of 1.7% and minimum for T1 with 1.3%. T5 treatment with 20% sugar beet gave best physicochemicalresults but disturbed sensory properties while T3 with 12% sugar beet powder showed good physicochemicaland sensory characteristics. Therefore, T3 with 12% level is considered as the best source of dietary fibrein bakery products and can be considered as the prospective choice to address metabolic syndromes.

scholarly journals The Short-Term Effects and Tolerability of Low-Viscosity Soluble Fibre on Gastroparesis Patients: A Pilot Clinical Intervention Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4298
Author(s):  
Harsha Suresh ◽  
Jerry Zhou ◽  
Vincent Ho
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Psyllium Husk

Gastroparesis is a motility disorder that causes severe gastric symptoms and delayed gastric emptying, where the majority of sufferers are females (80%), with 29% of sufferers also diagnosed with Type-1 or Type-2 diabetes. Current clinical recommendations involve stringent dietary restriction and includes the avoidance and minimization of dietary fibre. Dietary fibre lowers the glycaemic index of food, reduces inflammation and provides laxation. Lack of dietary fibre in the diet can affect long-term gastrointestinal health. Our previously published rheological study demonstrated that “low-viscosity” soluble fibres could be a potentially tolerable source of fibre for the gastroparetic population. A randomised controlled crossover pilot clinical study was designed to compare Partially-hydrolysed guar gum or PHGG (test fibre 1), gum Arabic (test fibre 2), psyllium husk (positive control) and water (negative control) in mild-to-moderate symptomatic gastroparesis patients (requiring no enteral tube feeding). The principal aim of the study was to determine the short-term physiological effects and tolerability of the test fibres. In n = 10 female participants, post-prandial blood glucose, gastroparesis symptoms, and breath test measurements were recorded. Normalized clinical data revealed that test fibres PHGG and gum Arabic were able to regulate blood glucose comparable to psyllium husk, while causing far fewer symptoms, equivalent to negative control. The test fibres did not greatly delay mouth-to-caecum transit, though more data is needed. The study data looks promising, and a longer-term study investigating these test fibres is being planned.

scholarly journals The Jejunum and Ileum Mediate Increased Calcium Absorption for Bone Mineralization During Postnatal Development via TRPV6 and Cav1.3 (OR26-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Beggs ◽  
Justin Lee ◽  
Kai Busch ◽  
Ahsan Raza ◽  
Henrik Dimke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Calcium Flux ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Ussing Chambers

Abstract Objectives Intestinal Ca2+ absorption early in life is vital to achieving optimal bone mineralization. The molecular details of intestinal Ca2+ absorption have been defined in adults, after peak bone mass has been reached, but are largely unexplored during development. We sought to delineate the molecular details of transcellular Ca2+ absorption across the small intestine which facilitate a positive calcium balance during growth. Methods We used wildtype, Cav1.3 knockout and Trpv6 mutant mice. Expression of small intestinal and renal calcium transport genes was assessed using quantitative PCR. Net transcellular 45-calcium flux across intestinal segments was measured in Ussing chambers. Femurs we analyzed using micro-CT and histology. Results Significant TRPV6 mediated Ca2+ flux across the duodenum was absent in pre-weaned (P14) mice but occurred post-weaning. In contrast, we found significant transcellular Ca2+ absorption in the jejunum and ileum at P14 but not 2 months. TRPV6 and Cav1.3 are necessary for this jejunal absorption and Cav1.3 appears to mediate absorption across the ileum although compensation is present in knockout pups. Knockout of Cav1.3 induces a compensatory increase in renal Ca2+ reabsorption in P14 mice although these pups have increased growth plate thickness suggesting delayed bone mineralization. Conclusions This work provides molecular details of how the small intestine facilitates increased demand for Ca2+ early in life to meet the requirements of growth and highlights the complexity of the multiple mechanisms involved in achieving a positive Ca2+ balance. Funding Sources This work is funded by grants from the Women and Children's Health Research Institute, supported by the Stollery Children's Hospital Foundation, and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council to RTA, who is the Canada Research Chair in Renal Epithelial Transport Physiology. MRB is supported by a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, Alberta Innovates Clinician Fellowship and an NSERC Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement. H. Dimke is funded by the Danish Medical Research Council. Work at UdS was funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) by IRTG1830 (to JE, VF), Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 894 (to JE, PW) and SFB TRR152 (to VF).

Relation between bone mineralization, Ca absorption, and plasma Ca in phosphonate-treated rats.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. E298
Author(s):  
U Trechsel ◽  
R Schenk ◽  
J P Bonjour ◽  
R G Russell ◽  
H Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Intestinal Calcium Absorption ◽  
Phosphate Salts ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
Skeletal Mineralization

Disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) is known to inhibit the crystallization of calcium phosphate salts in vitro. Large doses of EHDP administered in vivo inhibit skeletal mineralization, decrease intestinal calcium absorption, and produce hypercalcemia. In the present study, EHDP or one of 13 other phosphonates were given to rats at 10 mg P/kg-day sc for 7 days in order to better define the nature of the relationship between bone mineralization, intestinal absorption, and plasma calcium in the regulation of calcium homeostasis. Each of the phosphonates which inhibited skeletal mineralization in vivo also inhibited crystallization in vitro, but the converse was not true. A very close correlation was found between inhibition of skeletal mineralization, decreased intestinal calcium absorption, and slight hypercalcemia. A dose-response study with two compounds also revealed the same close correlation. It is argued that the impairment of intestinal calcium absorption in phosphonate-treated rats may represent a secondary homeostatic response to the primary effect of the drugs on bone mineralization. This response may be mediated by an elevation of a fraction of plasma calcium.

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