Dietary carbohydrate and lipid source affect cholesterol metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

AbstractPlant feedstuffs (PF) are rich in carbohydrates, which may interact with lipid metabolism. Thus, when considering dietary replacement of fishery by-products with PF, knowledge is needed on how dietary lipid source (LS) and carbohydrates affect lipid metabolism and other metabolic pathways. For that purpose, a 73-d growth trial was performed with European sea bass juveniles (IBW 74 g) fed four diets differing in LS (fish oil (FO) or a blend of vegetable oils (VO)) and carbohydrate content (0 % (CH–) or 20 % (CH+) gelatinised starch). At the end of the trial no differences among diets were observed on growth and feed utilisation. Protein efficiency ratio was, however, higher in the CH+ groups. Muscle and liver fatty acid profiles reflected the dietary LS. Dietary carbohydrate promoted higher plasma cholesterol and phospholipids (PL), whole-body and hepatic (mainly 16 : 0) lipids and increased muscular and hepatic glycogen. Except for PL, which were higher in the FO groups, no major alterations between FO and VO groups were observed on plasma metabolites (glucose, TAG, cholesterol, PL), liver and muscle glycogen, and lipid and cholesterol contents. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme – lipogenesis-related enzymes – increased with carbohydrate intake. Hepatic expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism was up-regulated with carbohydrate (HMGCR and CYP3A27) and VO (HMGCR and CYP51A1) intake. No dietary regulation of long-chain PUFA biosynthesis at the transcriptional level was observed. Overall, very few interactions between dietary carbohydrates and LS were observed. However, important insights on the direct relation between dietary carbohydrate and the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in European sea bass were demonstrated.

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Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515003360 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (10) ◽

pp. 1584-1593 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Carolina Castro ◽

Amalia Peréz-Jiménez ◽

Filipe Coutinho ◽

Patricia Díaz-Rosales ◽

Cláudia Alexandra dos Reis Serra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Dietary Lipid ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Fish Diet ◽

Dietary Carbohydrate ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Lipid Source ◽

Dietary Lipid Source

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n9 fish/diet). Carbohydrate-rich diets promoted a decrease in hepatic LPO and OSI, whereas the lipid source induced no changes. Inversely, dietary lipid source, but not dietary carbohydrate concentration, affected LPO in the intestine. Lower intestinal LPO was observed in VO groups. Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. Dietary carbohydrate induced GR and G6PD activities and depressed CAT activity in the liver. GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. Furthermore, different metabolic routes were more active to deal with the oxidative stress in the two organs studied.

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Temperature and dietary carbohydrate level effects on performance and metabolic utilisation of diets in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.016 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 274 (1) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 135

Author(s):

I.S. Moreira ◽

H. Peres ◽

A. Couto ◽

P. Enes ◽

A. Oliva-Teles

Keyword(s):

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Dietary Carbohydrate ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Carbohydrate Level

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Improved glucose and lipid metabolism in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed short-chain fructooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 441 ◽

pp. 57-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Inês Guerreiro ◽

Aires Oliva-Teles ◽

Paula Enes

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Short Chain ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

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The effects of freshwater rearing on the whole body and muscle tissue fatty acid profile of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Aquaculture International ◽

10.1007/s10499-010-9340-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Arzu Özlüer Hunt ◽

Ferbal Özkan ◽

Kenan Engin ◽

Nazmi Tekelioğlu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Whole Body ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Tissue Fatty Acid

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The Use of Defatted Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal as a Main Protein Source Is Supported in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by Data on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Flesh Quality

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.659567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Basto ◽

Josep Calduch-Giner ◽

Beatriz Oliveira ◽

Lisa Petit ◽

Tiago Sá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Tenebrio Molitor ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Hepatosomatic Index ◽

Human Consumption ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Flesh Quality ◽

Long Chain

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the maximal inclusion level of defatted (d-) Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TM) able to replace dietary fishmeal (FM) without compromising growth performance, general metabolism, and flesh quality traits in European sea bass, and to evaluate the major underlying physiological mechanisms.Materials and MethodsFish (55 ± 2 g) were fed with diets containing increasing levels of dTM: 0, 40, 80 and 100% (CTRL, TM40, TM80, and TM100, respectively) to replace FM. After 10 weeks of feeding, the growth performance, nutrient and energy balance, intestinal integrity, plasma metabolites and the expression of genes related to growth and nutrient metabolism, in liver and muscle were determined. The fatty acids (FA) profile, textural properties and color were also evaluated in muscle.ResultsProtein and lipids digestibility remained unaltered up to 80% dTM inclusion. Growth performance parameters were similar among dietary treatments. The dTM inclusion increased the hepatosomatic index in fish fed TM100. Muscle eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA levels were maintained up to 80% dTM inclusion, but total cholesterol and non-esterified FA increased with dietary dTM inclusion. In liver, the expression of elongation of very long-chain FA protein 6 (elovl6) and FA desaturase 2 (fads2) did not change in fish fed TM40 and TM80, but elovl6 decreased whilst fads2 increased in fish fed TM100 when compared to those fed CTRL. The expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-monooxygenase (cyp7a1) decreased with dietary dTM inclusion. In muscle, the expression of myoblast determination protein-2 (myod2) decreased in fish fed TM80 and TM100.ConclusionIt is feasible to substitute dietary FM by dTM up to 80% in European sea bass without detrimental effects on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and associated genetic pathways, whilst assuring fillet nutritional value for human consumption.

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