Evidence for resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates inPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khaliq ◽  
M.N.R. Attique ◽  
A.H. Sayyed
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Low Toxicity

AbstractThe susceptibility of representative pyrethroid (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, bifenthrin), organophosphate (chlorpyriphos, triazophos, profenophos) and new chemistry insecticides (spinosad, indoxacarb and emamectin) was investigated for 18 field populations ofPlutella xylostella(Linnaeus) from three different zones in Pakistan. The LC50(mg ml−1; 48 h) values of pyrethroids for various populations ranged from 0.19–1.88 for cypermethrin, 0.31–2.64 for deltamethrin, 0.08–1.16 for lambdacyhalothrin and 0.07–0.88 for bifenthrin. The LC50(mg ml−1; 48 h) of organophosphates ranged from 0.52–5.67 for chlorpyriphos, 0.37–4.14 for triazophos and 0.03–2.65 for profenophos. The most probable reason for low toxicity of organophosphates and pyrethroids is the evolution of multiple resistance mechanisms; however, further studies are required to establish these mechanisms. When these same products were tested against a susceptible laboratory population (Lab-Pak), the new chemistry compounds were significantly more toxic than pyrethroids and organophosphates. The results are discussed in relation to integrated pest management and insecticide resistance management strategies forP. xylostella.

Identification of a point mutation in the ace1 gene of Therioaphis trifolli maculata and detection of insecticide resistance by a diagnostic PCR–RFLP assay

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716
Author(s):  
E. AlSuhaibani ◽  
C.C. Voudouris ◽  
R. Al-Atiyat ◽  
A. Kotzamumin ◽  
J. Vontas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr

AbstractAphids are important agricultural pests worldwide. Their control is largely based on chemical insecticides. One species that shows important invasive abilities and host-plant-related differences is Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). T. trifolii maculata, also known as spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA), can be very injurious to alfalfa crops in certain regions, such as in Saudi Arabia for effective control it is essential to diagnose and monitor the resistance mechanisms in the SAA populations. In the present study, we analysed acetylcholinesterase (ace) target site insensitivity mechanisms. A 650 bp length DNA containing the putative acetylcholinesterase (ace1) precursor was obtained and compared with other Hemipteran species. The sequences of many individual aphids collected from alfalfa crops in Saudi Arabia were analysed for the presence of resistance mutations: no resistance mutations were found at the resistance mutation loci 302; however, the presence of a serine–phenylalanine substitution (S431F) was identified in one individual. The S431F substitution, has been shown to confer significant levels of both organophosphate and carbamate resistance in other aphid species, and is now found for the first time in T. trifolii. We subsequently developed a simple polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assays for the S431F mutation, using a TaqI restriction site destroyed by the S431F mutation. The novel diagnostic assay may support the implementation of Insecticide Resistance Management strategies, for the control of SAA in alfalfa crops in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and other countries worldwide.

The character or the variation: the genetic analysis of the insecticide-resistance phenotype

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Rare Mutations ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance

AbstractIn this critique it is argued that the genetic basis of the evolution of resistance is dependent on how the phenotypic, and underlying genotypic, variation is channelled during a selective response. A polygenic response is preferentially favoured if selection acts within the phenotypic distribution of susceptibles; a monogenic response is predicted if selection screens rare mutations with phenotypes outside that susceptible distribution. The relevance of this model to the method of genetic analysis, the prediction of resistance mechanisms to novel insecticides, the generation of resistant beneficial insects and the development of the most effective resistance and integrated pest management programmes is discussed.

scholarly journals Considerations for Insect Learning in Integrated Pest Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Little ◽  
Thomas W Chapman ◽  
N Kirk Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insect Learning ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Control Insect

AbstractThe past 100 yr have seen dramatic philosophical shifts in our approach to controlling or managing pest species. The introduction of integrated pest management in the 1970s resulted in the incorporation of biological and behavioral approaches to preserve ecosystems and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Increased understanding of the local ecosystem, including its structure and the biology of its species, can improve efficacy of integrated pest management strategies. Pest management strategies incorporating insect learning paradigms to control insect pests or to use insects to control other pests can mediate risk to nontarget insects, including pollinators. Although our understanding of insect learning is in its early stages, efforts to integrate insect learning into pest management strategies have been promising. Due to considerable differences in cognitive abilities among insect species, a case-by-case assessment is needed for each potential application of insect learning within a pest management strategy.

The effects of local selection versus dispersal on insecticide resistance patterns: longitudinal evidence from diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)) in Australia evolving resistance to pyrethroids

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Endersby ◽  
P.M. Ridland ◽  
A.A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Local Selection

AbstractWhen strong directional selection acts on a trait, the spatial distribution of phenotypes may reflect effects of selection, as well as the spread of favoured genotypes by gene flow. Here we investigate the relative impact of these factors by assessing resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in a 12-year study of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, from southern Australia. We estimated resistance levels in populations from brassicaceous weeds, canola, forage crops and vegetables. Differences in resistance among local populations sampled repeatedly were stable over several years. Levels were lowest in samples from weeds and highest in vegetables. Resistance in canola samples increased over time as insecticide use increased. There was no evidence that selection in one area influenced resistance in adjacent areas. Microsatellite variation from 13 populations showed a low level of genetic variation among populations, with an AMOVA indicating that population only accounted for 0.25% of the molecular variation. This compared to an estimate of 13.8% of variation accounted for by the resistance trait. Results suggest that local selection rather than gene flow of resistance alleles dictated variation in resistance across populations. Therefore, regional resistance management strategies may not limit resistance evolution.

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