Family Clusters: Generational Nucleation in Nineteenth-Century Argentina and Chile

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Balmori ◽  
Robert Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
Broad Generalization ◽  
National Formation

This paper is derived from the authors' detailed studies of two groups of nineteenth-century families—eighteen families in Argentina and twenty-four in Chile. The studies revealed such remarkable similarities in the evolution of the two groups that it is possible to propose a broad generalization in respect to the social organization and national formation of both countries: there was, in each country, a three-generation sequence during which a number of families came together to form clusters that became the controlling entities of a region. Their base for political and economic control was either the existing capital city or a city that had been designated as the capital by these families.

scholarly journals Functions of ‘Madrasas’ in the Ottoman Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Ayla Akbash
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Architectural Characteristics ◽  
And Training

In this study certain educational institutions such as madrassahs, kulliyes and mosques that contributed to environment in terms of education in the Ottoman period (middle of the fifteenth century-beginning of the nineteenth century)are researched with regards to educational system, curriculum, mudarrises, students and training. The functions and effects of the madrassahs at that time as well as their reflection in our time are dealt with. In this context, some educational institutions included by certain Anatolian madrassahs such as darulkurra, darulhadith, sahnıseman and schools, which are currently existed and not, have been taken in examination. Incorporating madrassahs, which are public instutions in the Ottoman period, in the state organisation has been started with the Fatih madrassahs that were established by Fatih (Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror) and structuring of madrassah order was quickened after the conquest. In time, the cities such as İstanbul (capital city), Edirne, Bursa, İznik, Trabzon, Konya and Diyarbakır have had the most madrassahs. The large majority of madrassahs of Sinan the Architect have been built in Anatolia and in other cities of the Empire. The first Ottoman madrassah was established in İznik and has become widespread in time. In consequence of being institutions in which training was giving according to the curriculum and ratification of mudarris and having distinctive architectural characteristics in their cubicles, porches, classes, iwans and şadırvans gave rise to them having a respectable position in the society. It is commented that the madrassahs that are the symbol of classical Ottoman arcitecture have been retrograded later on. In the scope of madrassahs located in the Antalya region the importance and contribution of them, which have been improved as the reflection of the social changes and have been opened to changes with their internal/external dynamics, and their capability of being met the requirements of society have been examined and explained descriptively together with their contributions to educational mantality in our time.

Social and Intercultural Relations in Nineteenth-Century Zanzibar: Dressed Identity

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Vander biesen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Intercultural Relations ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Century Literature

Abstract Starting from the nineteenth century descriptive literatures on Zanzibar by authors such as Sir Richard Burton and Charles Guillain, and Salima bint Said-Ruete's autobiography, we can draw a rather detailed picture of the relationship between the different social layers, cultures and genders on Zanzibar. Describing and differentiating the complexity of Zanzibar society in the nineteenth century is the main aim of this paper. The focus is on clothing in order to sketch the social organization of the society and to highlight the cultural relations between the different groups in Zanzibar. The evidence obtained from the description of clothing is used as an eye-opener for the Zanzibar society and this evidence is supported by nineteenth century literature and photography on Zanzibar.

Idle Power: the Riot, the Commune, and Capitalist Time in Thomas Pynchon’s Against the Day

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-204
Author(s):  
Christian P. Haines
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Idle Power ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Antonio Negri

This chapter argues that Thomas Pynchon’s novel Against the Day (2006) not only represents the temporality of capitalism but also contests it through an aesthetic strategy of idleness or sloth. It analyzes how Pynchon recuperates nineteenth-century traditions of anarchism, work refusal, rioting, and the commune as a way of responding to contemporary conditions of labor under capitalism. Putting Pynchon into conversation with the Italian Autonomist Marxists—most notably, Antonio Negri and Mario Tronti—it shows how Against the Day frames class struggle as a conflict between capitalism and workers regarding the social organization of time. It explains that Pynchon links the utopian reinvention of the United States to a political version of idleness, or a willful refusal of capitalist efficiency. It also situates Pynchon’s utopian imagination in respect to the social forms of the riot and the commune.

scholarly journals The Singapore Rickshaw Pullers: The Social Organization of a Coolie Occupation, 1880–1940

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Warren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This article integrates the history of the experience of rickshaw coolies into the larger history of Singapore in the period from 1880 to 1940. These were decisive years. They witnessed the extraordinary economic development of the vast potential for tin, rubber, oil palm, and tobacco in the Malay peninsula and on the east coast of Sumatra under colonial rule, and the evolution of Singapore as a “coolie town”, with a colonial administrative heart and an entrepôt port, with the birth of the rickshaw and a stream of emigrants from China who poured in faster and faster to pull it. This floodtide ofsingkeh singkeh (newcomers from China) came to Singapore with the hope of forming a foundation for a new and prosperous life. Expanding Singapore, especially at this stage of its growth from the third quarter of the nineteenth century, was often considered by the migrants as a place of hope and betterment. There were in Singapore tens of thousands of Cantonese, Hengwah, Hockchia, and Foochow sojourners who hoped to find a pipeline to prosperity since the second half of the nineteenth century, when dire poverty and overpopulation plagued Southeast China.

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