Host Preference and Survival of the Dark-Headed Rice Stem Borer Chilotraea polychrysa(Meyr.) in Malaya

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Host Preference ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Ovipositional Preference ◽  
Marked Preference

SummaryThe polyphagous nature of the dark-headed rice stem borer, Chilotraea polychrysa (Meyr.), may contribute greatly to its ability to survive periods of food shortage when rice plants are scarce. Investigations on the preference and survival of C. polychrysa on seven selected hosts belonging to the Gramineae revealed that it oviposited on all the hosts tested, but showed a marked preference for its normal host, rice (Oryza sativa). Survival rates on rice and the alternate hosts did not differ significantly. The percentage of larvae surviving to the adult stage was generally low because of the high rate of mortality from larval to pupal stage, irrespective of host species. In rice, there was distinct ovipositional preference for plants at the maximum vegetative stage rather than for younger plants. The larval survival rate increased with the age of the host from 35 to 65 days, but dropped sharply when infestation occurred on plants 80 days old, by which time the inflorescence is beginning to emerge.

scholarly journals Performance of a Native Butterfly and Introduced Moth on Native and Introduced Lineages of Phragmites australis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Adam M. Lambert ◽  
Lisa A. Tewksbury ◽  
Richard A. Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Zizania Aquatica

This study examined the performance of Poanes viator (Edwards) (Hesperiidae), a native North American skipper, and Rhizedra lutosa (Hübner) (Noctuidae), an introduced moth, reared on native and non-native, invasive lineages of Phragmites australis. Poanes viator is a generalist on monocots and larvae were also fed leaves of Zizania aquatica, a native macrophyte that the skipper commonly uses as a host plant. Larval survival and duration, pupal weight, and pupation time were compared for P. viator feeding on leaf tissue and R. lutosa feeding on rhizomes of either native or introduced plants. We also tested an artificial diet supplemented with P. australis rhizome powder as a potential food for rearing other stalk and rhizome boring Lepidoptera. In experiments using excised plant tissues, some individuals of both species fed and developed to the pupal stage on native and introduced plants, but overall, larval survival rates were low. Plant species/haplotype identity did not cause strong differences in larval survival for either species. However, P. viator larvae only pupated when feeding on native plants (Zizania aquatica and native P. australis haplotypes), whereas R. lutosa successfully pupated on both native and introduced P. australis. Although larval survival was low, 100% of P. viator and 95% of R. lutosa that reached the pupal stage emerged as adults. Rhizedra lutosa larvae fed an artificial diet supplemented with P. australis rhizome powder had significantly greater survival and pupal weights, and shorter pupation times than larvae fed rhizomes only. Several specialist Lepidopteran species are being considered for approval as biological control agents for the non-native P. australis haplotype, and the convenience and increased larval performance make this artificial diet a good alternative for rearing organisms.

scholarly journals Ovipositional Preference and Larval Survival of Maize Stem Borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on Different Trap Crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 3149-3153
Author(s):  
V. Ravi Kumar ◽  
T. Madhumathi ◽  
D.V. Sai Ram Kumar ◽  
P. Anil Kumar ◽  
M. Martin Luther
Keyword(s):  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Ovipositional Preference

Electron microscope study of the effects of radiation on insect fertility

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Judy Ju-Hu Chiang ◽  
Robert Kuo-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Germ cells from the rice stem borer Chilo suppresalis, were examined by light and electron microscopy. Damages to organelles within the germ cells were observed. The mitochondria, which provide the cell with metabolic energy, were seen to disintegrate within the germ cell. Lysosomes within the germ cell were also seen to disintegrate. The subsequent release of hydrolytic enzymesmay be responsible for the destruction of organelles within the germ cell. Insect spermatozoa were seen to lose the ability to move because of radiation treatment. Damage to the centrioles, one of which is in contact with the tail, may be involved in causing sperm immobility.

Persistence of giants: population dynamics of the limpet Scutellastra laticostata on rocky shores in Western Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 646 ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
RE Scheibling ◽  
R Black
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Decadal Time Scale

Population dynamics and life history traits of the ‘giant’ limpet Scutellastra laticostata on intertidal limestone platforms at Rottnest Island, Western Australia, were recorded by interannual (January/February) monitoring of limpet density and size structure, and relocation of marked individuals, at 3 locations over periods of 13-16 yr between 1993 and 2020. Limpet densities ranged from 4 to 9 ind. m-2 on wave-swept seaward margins of platforms at 2 locations and on a rocky notch at the landward margin of the platform at a third. Juvenile recruits (25-55 mm shell length) were present each year, usually at low densities (<1 m-2), but localized pulses of recruitment occurred in some years. Annual survival rates of marked limpets varied among sites and cohorts, ranging from 0.42 yr-1 at the notch to 0.79 and 0.87 yr-1 on the platforms. A mass mortality of limpets on the platforms occurred in 2003, likely mediated by thermal stress during daytime low tides, coincident with high air temperatures and calm seas. Juveniles grew rapidly to adult size within 2 yr. Asymptotic size (L∞, von Bertalanffy growth model) ranged from 89 to 97 mm, and maximum size from 100 to 113 mm, on platforms. Growth rate and maximum size were lower on the notch. Our empirical observations and simulation models suggest that these populations are relatively stable on a decadal time scale. The frequency and magnitude of recruitment pulses and high rate of adult survival provide considerable inertia, enabling persistence of these populations in the face of sporadic climatic extremes.

Double ryanodine receptor mutations confer higher diamide resistance in rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing‐Mei Huang ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Lin‐Feng He ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Wen‐Chao Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Rice Stem Borer
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document