scholarly journals Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I measurements in high growth (hg) mice

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Medrano ◽  
D. Pomp ◽  
L. Sharrow ◽  
G. E. Bradford ◽  
T. R. Downs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

SummaryEffects of a recessive gene causing high growth (hg) were studied on two major components of the growth axis in mice. Plasma and pituitary levels of growth hormone and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were measured in three lines homozygous for hg, each compared with a control line of alike genetic background but wild type for the hg locus (Hg). Line Gh (hghg) and line GH (HgHg) are from a line which had undergone long-term selection for high postweaning weight gain; line Ch (hghg) and line CH (HgHg) were extracted from the second backcross of Gh to C57BL/6J; line L54 (hghg) was from the sixth backcross to C57BL/6J (B6) (HgHg). Pituitary GH levels and plasma IGF-I levels were measured in both sexes at 3, 4·5, 6 and 9 wk of age. Plasma growth hormone was measured in 8- to 12-wk-old males at hourly intervals from 08.00 to 17.00. Body weight in lines homozygous for hg at 6 and 9 wk of age was 10–30% greater than in control lines. The ontogeny of this increased growth depended on genetic background. Pituitary growth hormone content was 52% lower in the two hghg lines measured (lines Ch and Gh) than in control lines at 4·5, 6 and 9 wk. Plasma growth hormone levels were also much lower in hg mice, with values only 20–30% of those in their respective controls, hg lines showed consistently low plasma growth hormone levels throughout the 9 hr sampling period, while control lines expressed the characteristic pulsatile hormone secretion. In contrast, plasma IGF-I levels were greater in line Ch (hghg) than in line CH (HgHg) at 3, 4·5 and 9 wk, and were also greater in line Gh (hghg) vs. line GH (HgHg) at 6 wk of age. The results suggest that the growth enhancing effect of the hg gene occurs through an IGF-I-mediated process. In addition, the genetic background itself is also a factor in the phenotypic expression of the gene.

Effect of insulin-like growth factor I and/or growth hormone on diaphragm of malnourished adolescent rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Lewis ◽  
Thomas J. Lorusso ◽  
Mario Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Adolescent Rats ◽  
Growth Factor I

Lewis, Michael I., Thomas J. LoRusso, and Mario Fournier.Effect of insulin-like growth factor I and/or growth hormone on diaphragm of malnourished adolescent rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(4): 1064–1070, 1997.—Young growing animals appear to have significantly reduced “nutritional reserve” to short periods of unstressed starvation compared with adults, with resultant growth arrest and/or atrophy of diaphragm (Dia) muscle fibers. The aim of this study was to assess in an adolescent rat model of acute nutritional deprivation (ND; 72 h) the impact of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), with or without added growth hormone (GH), on the cross-sectional areas (CSA) of individual Dia muscle fibers. Five groups were studied: 1) control (Ctr); 2) ND; 3) ND given IGF-I (ND/IGF-I); 4) ND given GH (ND/GH); and 5) ND given a combination of IGF-I and GH (ND/IGF-I/GH). IGF-I was given by a subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipump (200 μg/day), whereas GH was administered twice daily by a subcutaneous injection (250 μg every 12 h). Isometric contractile and fatigue properties of the Dia were determined in vitro. Forces were normalized for muscle CSA (i.e., specific force). Dia fiber type proportions were determined histochemically, and fiber CSA was quantified by using a computer-based image-processing system. Total serum IGF-I concentrations were significantly reduced in ND and ND/GH animals, compared with Ctr, and elevated in the groups receiving IGF-I. The provision of growth factors did not alter the contractile or fatigue properties of ND animals. Dia fiber type proportions were similar among the groups. In ND animals, there was a significant reduction in the CSA of types I, IIa, IIx, and IIc Dia fibers compared with Ctr. The administration of IGF-I alone or in combination with GH to ND animals significantly diminished the reduction in Dia fiber size. GH alone had no effect on Dia fiber size in ND animals. We conclude that with acute ND the peripheral resistance to the action of GH appears to be bypassed by the administration of IGF-I alone or in combination with GH.

Insulin-like growth factor I exerts growth hormone- and insulin-like actions on human muscle protein metabolism

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (2) ◽  
pp. E331-E336 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fryburg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Muscle Protein Metabolism ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
Forearm Muscle

The effect of a 6-h intra-arterial infusion of recombinant human (rh) insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on forearm muscle metabolism was studied in 19 postabsorptive subjects. Forearm glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine (Phe) balances, as well as estimates of protein degradation (Phe Ra) and synthesis (Phe Rd) were measured before and at 3 and 6 h into an infusion of rhIGF-I at a dose of 1.8 (n = 6), 6.0 (n = 8), or 10.0 (n = 5) micrograms.kg-1.h-1. In response to intra-arterial IGF-I, deep venous IGF-I rose by 55, 141, and 315%, respectively (all P < 0.01), and forearm blood flow accelerated by 75 (1.8 microgram), 213 (6.0 micrograms), and 159% (10.0 micrograms; all P < 0.02). No change in forearm glucose uptake was observed at the lowest dose, whereas four- to sixfold increases were observed at both the 6 and 10 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 doses (both P < 0.02). Forearm Phe balance shifted positively at all three doses by 27 +/- 6, 48 +/- 7, and 51 +/- 9 nmol.min-1 x 100 ml-1, respectively (all P < 0.01). At all three doses, Phe Rd increased comparably by 49-74% (all P < 0.05). At the 6.0 and 10.0 but not the 1.8 microgram.kg-1.h-1 dose, Phe Ra decreased by approximately 45% (P < 0.02). Forearm muscle metabolism was also studied in the contralateral non-IGF-infused arm at these three doses. Despite increases in deep venous IGF-I up to 517 ng/ml due to recirculating IGF-I (10.0 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 dose), contralateral forearm muscle glucose, lactate, or Phe handling did not change. In conclusion, intra-arterial IGF-I exhibits growth hormone-like effects at all doses tested, whereas the insulin-like effects are observed at higher doses; these effects appear dependent on the route of administration.

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