II.—The Fayûm Depression: A Preliminary Notice of the Geology of a District in Egypt containing a new Palæogene Vertebrate Fauna

1901 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. L. Beadnell

The Fayûm, one of the largest depressions of the Libyan Desert, is situated some 50 miles south-west of Cairo. It is cut out in rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age, while still younger deposits of Pliocene and Post-Pliocene date are found within the hollow. The depression owes its origin to the action of the ordinary subærial denuding agents, which I have shown in previous papers were capable of producing the oases-depressions of Baharia, Farafra, Dakhla, etc. Faulting, which has played so important a part in the formation of the Nile Valley, appears to have had little or nothing to do with the production of the Fayûm and other depressions of the Libyan Desert.

Antiquity ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Kennedy Shaw

‘Time’, wrote Sir Thomas Browne, ‘which antiquates antiquities, and hath an art to make dust of all things, hath yet spared these minor monuments’. The Nile Valley is full of major monuments—pyramids, tombs and temples; each expedition which goes into the Libyan Desert learns that it is well-filled with minor ones and remarkable among these are paintings and gravings on rocks.


Antiquity ◽  
1939 ◽  
Vol 13 (52) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Peel

The two volumes of rock-drawings from southern Upper Egypt collected by Dr H. A. Winkler, and published by the Egypt Exploration Society, together form a work of the utmost interest and importance to all interested in the archaeology and ethnology of North Africa. In the first volume, published in 1938, Dr Winkler included a selection of the material collected from the deserts east of the Nile and from the Nile valley itself. In the second volume, just published, the drawings and paintings are all from the deserts west of the Nile and cover three main regions : first the edges of the Nile valley itself from Qena to Aswan ; secondly the regions between the Nile and Kharga; and thirdly certain parts of the central Libyan Desert towards the extreme south-western frontiers of Egypt, in particular the mountain ‘ desert oasis ’ of Gebel ’Uweinat.


1944 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. Bell

If you should ever attempt to motor from Assiût southwards to Baliana and Luxor—an enterprise I do not recommend, for the roads are vile—and, after some twenty-five miles of bumping and shaking, should decide, as my companion decided, to try your luck on the opposite side of the Nile Valley, you will come, after a few miles of a straight but evil road leading west, to another which runs southward again beside a canal separated by about a hundred yards of sandy plain from the great cliffs which form the escarpment of the Libyan Desert. The road which you have reached is no better than the one you have left, the dogs of the district are of a ferocity I found nowhere else in Egypt, and the human inhabitants are surly and hostile; but the natural amenities are considerable. The ordinary Egyptian canal, and so, by consequence, the road which normally runs along it, stretches without a bend for miles, but this particular canal at this point, conforming to the line of the cliffs, which here swing out eastwards, curves round in a great arc, and the road follows. The bank is shaded by a long line of palm-trees, and the view westwards, the reddish-brown trunks and feathery green fronds of the palms seen against a background of yellow sand and red cliffs, is delightful. Turning to the east one sees, stretched out in long perspective, the utter flatness of the Nile valley, clothed in the exquisite green of the young crops, out of which villages rise here and there like islands in a great lake. One such village, seen not far from the road shortly after we have turned to the south, makes a particularly charming effect.


2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Antoine ◽  
Grégoire Métais ◽  
Maëva. J. Orliac ◽  
Stéphane Peigné ◽  
Sébastien Rafaÿ ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Maksim Lebedev ◽  

The Middle Holocene epoch in northeastern Africa was marked by a steady trend towards aridization. However, the transformation of ecosystems and natural landscapes was gradual and had a complex nature. This change directly affected the development of the first ancient Egyptian centralized state as well as the development of its resource base beyond the Nile Valley. This study addresses the problem of using ancient Egyptian epigraphic sources (expeditionary inscriptions) for the study of both paleolandscapes and ecosystems of the Western (Libyan) Desert and the possible socio-economic impact of their change. The author studies several graffiti, which are believed to have preserved information on natural conditions near the Dakhla oasis and in the region of Wadi Toshka during the time of construction of the great pyramids (Fourth Dynasty). The author concludes that it is quite easy to make misleading assumptions when interpreting expeditionary artefacts. At the same time, as an example with an unusual toponym from the quarries near Wadi Toshka demonstrates, even the shortest graffiti can provide researchers with important additional information on possible changes in the ancient climate and landscape.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-50
Author(s):  
Chinweizu

Abstract During the 1970s and 1980s, American and European investigators discovered evidence of such African scientific achievements as the following: (1) the domestication of assorted plants in The Egyptian Nile Valley ca. 18000 BP; and domesticated cattle in the Kenyan Highlands, ca, 15000 BP. These were achieved thousands of years before plant and animal domestication in South west Asia, the hitherto presumed place where domestication first occurred; and (2) the making of Carbon steel in Tanzania, in the 1st c. BC, using techniques the discoverers called “semi-conductor technology – the growing of crystals”. These and other records of advanced scientific achievements, and at such dates, should prompt a profound revision of our understanding of the scientific knowledge developed by pre-20th century Africans before Europeans conquered and colonized and shattered African societies. They should also prompt a revision of the history of science in the world. In this article I shall present 13 exhibits drawing from the history of spectacular African achievements in science and technology. They range in time from ca. 43200 BC to 1952 AD. And they cover, geographically, Lesotho in Southern Africa; to Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania in East Africa; to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa; to Egypt in North Africa; and to Liberia and Nigeria in West Africa.


2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A How ◽  
M. A Cowan

Native frog, mammal and reptile specimen data in the Western Australian Museum were examined from the western third of the Australian continent covering nearly 22 degrees of latitude and 16 degrees of longitude and encompassing tropical, desert and temperate regions. The timing of specimen data collection and collecting effort were evaluated and show that large areas of the State remain poorly sampled. The great majority of the collections have been made over the last 50 years and taxonomic status of many vertebrate species is still in review with several new species being described. Systematic surveys need to be undertaken to address the inadequacy of information on vertebrate fauna distributions over large tracts of the desert and pastoral areas of Western Australia. The distribution of taxa endemic to Western Australia, threatened and priority taxa as well as restricted?range endemic taxa were examined over equal areas based on the 1 :250 000 map series that covers the western third of the Australian continent. Endemic taxa are focused in the south-west of the state and along the west coast, while restricted-range endemics are more frequently distriooted along the west and northwestern coasts. Threatened and priority taxa show a similar pattern to that of endemic taxa. The similarity of areas across Western Australia, based on the composition of their vertebrate fauna, indicates that there are four broad regions corresponding to the tropical north, the mesic south-west, the semi-arid southwestern interior and the arid Pilbara and desert areas. Additionally, regional areas defined under the IBRA scheme were examined for the number of sampling locations, endemic taxa in the various fauna! groups and the richness of taxa recorded. The Pilbara bioregion, one of the best-sampled areas of the State, showed limited concordance between vertebrate taxa similarity in half-degree cells and subregional boundaries and relatively high heterogeneity in vertebrate fauna distribution across the bioregion.


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