scholarly journals V. On the Geological Structure of the District around Kingswood Hill, near Bristol; with especial reference to the supposed Development of Millstone-grit in that Neighbourhood

1865 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Handel Cossham
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
The South ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Government ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Coal Fields

I have for some years had serious doubts as to the correctness of the Map of the Geological Survey so for as it relatesto the supposed presence of Millstone-grit in the northern portion of the Bristol Coal-field in the neighbourhood of Kingswood Hill; and in a foot-note to a most valuable lecture delivered by my friend Mr. Robert Etheridge, F.G.S. (of the RoyalSchool of Mines) at the Bristol Mining School in 1857, and published in a volume of Lectures issued by that Institution, Ihad, so long ago as that year, expressed doubts as to the existence of Millstone-grit at the surface near kingswood. Sincethen I have had much greater opportunities of investigating the matter, having taken, with my partners, a large tract of mineral property in that district; and the results of those investigations thoroughly confirm the doubts I had previously entertained, and in fact fully satisfy my mind that what is shown as Millstone-grit on the Government Geological Map, as also on the valuable map lately published by Mr. William Sanders, F.R.S., of Bristol, is really nothing more than one of thesandstones (the ‘Holmes Rock’) so common in the Coal-measures proper, and developed on a grand scale in the Pennant-grit dividing the Upper and Lower Coal-series of all the South-western Coal-fields.

V.—On the Fossil Flora of the Staffordshire Coal Fields

1892 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kidston
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Fossil Flora ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coal Fields

The present paper is the second of the series dealing with the Fossil Flora of the Staffordshire Coal Fields. As in previous memoirs, I give a short sketch of the Geology of the coal field, merely for the purpose of indicating the relationship of the beds to each other, from which the fossils have been derived.Various memoirs dealing with the geological structure and resources of the Potteries Coal Field have already appeared, but in these the names applied to the different groups of strata which compose the Potteries Coal Field have generally special application to the local geological features, and do not treat of the Coal Field in its wider relationship, when considered as only forming a part of the Coal Measures as developed in Britain. A similar course has usually been taken in the published memoirs of other British Coal Fields, which makes a comparison of their relative ages, from the data given, very difficult.Although the Mollusea have usually been collected and examined, from their great vertical distribution—in some cases extending throughout the whole range of carboniferous rocks—they as a whole afford little data for the determination of the divisions of the Coal Measures, and unfortunately the fossil plants appear to have received little attention when the memoirs of the various coal fields were being prepared.

V.—The Fossil Flora of the Ingleton Coal-Field (Yorkshire)

1912 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Newell Arber
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Fossil Flora ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Coal Fields

The Upper Carboniferous rocks of the Ingleton Coal-field in North-West Yorkshire present a difficult study, and at the present time they are very imperfectly known. As mapped by the Geological Survey, there is apparently a perfect succession, passing up from the Yoredales, through the Millstone Grits, to the Lower and Middle Coal-measures. The coal-measures are in part overlain hy a series of red rocks, which have been assigned to the Permian, as in the case of other of the Midland Coal-fields. In the index of the Survey map of the north-eastern portion of the coal-field, the Deep Coal is taken as the top of the Lower, and the bottom of the Middle Coal-measures.

scholarly journals On the Geology of tie Beaufort and Ebbw Vale District of the South Wales Coal-field

The Geologist ◽  
1858 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
George Phillips Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
The South ◽  
General Terms ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Physical Geology ◽  
Coal Fields

With the exception of the very able memoirs drawn out by Sir H. de la Beehe, in the “Geological Survey,” Vol. I, and the sections of the same survey, as compiled by Mr. David Williams, no coal-field has been so little described or worked out as that of the South Wales basin. Although the work of a master geologist, yet the very nature of these memoirs, describing the general arrangements of the rocks in the southwest of England, altogether precludes any attempt at minute geology, which, indeed, should mostly be supplied by local workers. Other coal-fields have been ably and intimately described, but this particular field only in very general terms. Why it should be so I know not, unless it is that only of late years its vast resources have been opened up, and that its many romantic vallies, teeming with beauty above and brimful of coal and mine beneath, have been made accessible either to the tourist or the mining adventurer. Every year, however, sees new railways opened in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire; and I have little doubt but that the completion of that magnificent work, the Crumlin viaduct, has done more than anything else to attract persons to that part of South Wales, either from a love of the beautiful, or the scientific interest attached to it. For the study of practical geology in its several aspects, this coal-field possesses many advantages, particularly in physical geology and the peculiar manner in which sections are obtained, owing to the nature of the ground.

scholarly journals On the Geology of the Beaufort and Ebbw Vale District of the South Wales Coal-Field

The Geologist ◽  
1858 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
George Phillips Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Health It ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
The South ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
General Appearance

In my former paper I endeavoured to describe the general appearance and characteristics of the limestone, millstone grit, and Pennant rocks of this coal-field, and shall now proceed to give a brief outline of the coal measures themselves and their fossil contents. As I stated before, the character of the coal is materially different in different parts of the basin; for instance, if a line be drawn from Merthyr to the sea in a south-western direction, it will divide the basin into two unequal portions, the eastern one containing bituminous coal, and the western the anthracite. I do not mean to say that there is an exact line of demarcation between the two kinds of coal, but merely that such a boundary will seem to show pretty well where the two qualities pass into one another. Curiously enough, too, in the western or anthracite portion the seams are anthracitic in the northern bassets, while the southern outcrops of the same veins are bituminous. The anthracite is now in very great demand; but, formerly, people would have nothing to do with it, and there was even a law passed to prevent its being burned in London, on account of its supposed noxious qualities, and the idea that it was detrimental to health. It differs from the bituminous coal principally in containing more carbon, less bituminous matter, and less ashes; and, as a consequence, is a much cleaner-burning coal. We may, however, dismiss the anthracite, as this portion of the field is destitute of it.

scholarly journals XV.—On some new Species of Fossil Scorpions from the Carboniferous Rocks of Scotland and the English Borders, with a Review of the Genera Eoscorpius and Mazonia of Messrs Meek and Worthen

1881 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Peach
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Director General ◽  
The South ◽  
Coal Measures

In the progress of the Geological Survey of the South of Scotland, specimens referable to the genus Eoscorpius have been gradually accumulating. In 1876 J. Bennie, Fossil Collector to the Survey, obtained an example from the Coal-measures of Fife. Since then fragments have been disinterred by him and by A. Macconochie, also Fossil Collector to the Survey, from the Calciferous Sandstone series in the counties of Edinburgh, Berwick, Roxburgh, Dumfries, and Northumberland and Cumberland. It was not till the spring of last year (1880) that they began to be found in such a state as to necessitate a description of the fossils. In the summer of that year A. Macconochie obtained an almost entire example from the neighbourhood of Langholm, in Dumfriesshire. This year (1881) J. Bennie has secured several good though fragmentary specimens from the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, while A. Macconochie has sent in several from the counties of Berwick and Northumberland. In my capacity of Acting Palæontologist, I have had an opportunity of studying these remains, and by the permission of A. C. Ramsay, LL.D., F.R.S., Director General of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and Professor A. Geikie, LL.D., F.R.S., Director of the Geological Survey of Scotland, I have been allowed to describe them.

II.—The Magnesian Limestone and New Red Sandstone in the Neighbourhood of Nottingham

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
W. T. Aveline
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

Since the Government Geological Survey of the country around Nottingham was made in the year 1859, and the Explanation on the Geological Map Quarter-sheet 71 N.E. was written in 1861, papers by local geologists have been written, stating that in the neighbourhood of Nottingham a perfect conformity existed between the Magnesian Limestone and the New Red Sandstone. This being totally at variance with conclusions I came to when I surveyed that country, I have been for some time past desirous to say a word on the subject, but being deeply occupied with the old rocks of the Lake district, I have put it off from time to time. I felt little doubt in my mind, when surveying the neighbourhood of Nottingham, that there was a considerable break between the Magnesian Limestone and the New Red Sandstone, and this opinion was completely confirmed as I continued my survey northwards through Nottinghamshire into Yorkshire.

Three different approaches to provide urban geological information from a geological survey perspective: the Catalan case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Subiela ◽  
Miquel Vilà ◽  
Roser Pi ◽  
Elena Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Geological Factors ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Government

<p>Studying urban geology is a key way to identify municipal issues involved with urban development and sustainability, land resources and hazard awareness in highly populated areas. In the last decade, one of the lines of work of the Catalan Geological Survey (Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya) has been the development of (i) 1:5.000 scale Urban Geological Map of Catalonia project. Besides, two pilot projects have recently been started: (ii) the system of layers of geological information and (iii) the fundamental geological guides of municipalities. This communication focuses on the presentation of these projects and their utility, with the aim of finding effective ways of transferring geological knowledge and information of a territory, from a geological survey perspective.</p><p>The 1:5.000 urban geological maps of Catalonia (i) have been a great ambitious project focused on providing detailed, consistent and accurate geological, geotechnical and anthropogenic activity information of the main urban areas of Catalonia. Nevertheless, it must be taken into account that the compilation and elaboration of a large volume of geological information and also the high level of detail require a lot of time for data completeness.</p><p>In order to optimize a greater distribution of information, a system of layers of geological information (ii) covering urban areas is being developed. This pilot project consists of providing specific layers of Bedrock materials, Quaternary deposits, anthropogenic grounds, structural measures, geochemical compositions, borehole data and so on. However, as information layers are treated individually, it may not be clear the coherence between data from different layers of information and its use is currently limited to Earth-science professionals working with geological data.</p><p>Hence, as a strategy to reach a wider range of users and also provide a homogeneous and varied geological information, the development of fundamental geological guides for municipalities is also being carried out (iii). These documents include the general geological characterization of the municipality, the description of the main geological factors (related to geotechnical properties, hydrogeology, environmental concerns and geological hazards and resources) and the list of the sources of geological information to be considered. Moreover, each guide contains a 1:50.000 geological map that has cartographic continuity with the neighbouring municipalities. The municipal guides allow a synthesis of the geological environment of the different Catalan municipalities and give fundamental recommendations for the characterization of the geological environment of the municipality.</p><p>In conclusion, the three projects facilitate the characterization of geological environment of urban areas, the evaluation of geological factors in ground studies and also, in general, the management of the environment. These products differ depending on the degree of detail, the coherence of the geological information, the necessary knowledge for their execution or their purpose of use. This set of projects defines a geological urban framework, which is adjusted depending on the government’s requirements, the society’s needs and the geological survey’s available resources.</p>

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