ALGERIAN NATIONALISM, ZIONISM, AND FRENCH LAÏCITÉ: A HISTORY OF ETHNORELIGIOUS NATIONALISMS AND DECOLONIZATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Shepard
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
North African ◽  
French Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jews In France

AbstractThe Algerian war resituated the meaning of “Muslims” and “Jews” in France in relation to religion and “origins” and this process reshaped French secular nationhood, with Algerian independence in mid-1962 crystallizing a complex and shifting debate that took shape in the interwar period and blossomed between 1945 and 1962. In its failed efforts to keep all Algerians French, the French government responded to both Algerian nationalism and, as is less known, Zionism, and did so with policies that took seriously, rather than rejected, the so-called ethnoreligious arguments that they embraced—and that, according to existing scholarship, have always been anathema to French laïcité. Most scholars on France continue to presume that its history is national or wholly “European.” Yet paying attention to this transnational confrontation, driven by claims from Algeria and Israel, emphasizes the crucial roles of North African and Mediterranean developments in the making of contemporary France.

Anglo-Saxon Attitudes: The Algerian War of Independence in Retrospect

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brett
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
National Society ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
North African ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Algerian War Of Independence ◽  
History Of ◽  
African Writers ◽  
High Level

The English-language literature on Algeria generated by the Algerian war of independence and continuing down to the present forms an intellectual as well as linguistic tradition apart from the much more voluminous literature in French. Despite the involvement of French and North African writers who have published in English, it is largely the creation of outsiders looking at the country from British and North American points of view, according to current fashions. The war of independence remains central to its concerns as the great transformer of a colonial into a national society, however that transformation is to be understood. The qualified approval of the nationalist cause by Alistair Horne contrasts sharply with Elie Kedourie's denunciation. Most judgements have been based on the outcome, the political, social and economic performance of the regime, considered as good or bad. Since the death of Boumedienne in 1978, they have tended to be unfavourable. Their largely secular analyses, however, have been called in question since 1988 by the rise of political Islam, which has called for a reappraisal of the whole subject of the war and its consequences. Such a reappraisal is still in the future. Meanwhile Ernest Gellner, in dispute with Edward Said over the question of Orientalism, has raised the matter of the role of Islam in the history of Algeria to a high level of generalization, at which the war itself may, paradoxically, return to the forefront of international scholarly concern.

Jewish Citizens of an Imperial Nation-State

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Ethan B. Katz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Jewish Resistance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Jews In France

Abstract This article draws on the work of recent years on Jews and Algeria to map a French-Algerian frame as a new approach to French Jewish history. The article thinks through the implications of two key ideas from the “new colonial history” for the history of Jews in France and Algeria and posits that Jews in French Algeria can profitably be understood as colonial citizens. After focusing briefly on the French-Algerian War and decolonization, a period for which recent scholarship has developed robustly in suggestive ways, the article turns to a case study from a different era: World War II and the Holocaust. It addresses the history of the majority-Jewish resistance movement in Algiers that paved the way for the success of Operation Torch. Finally, the article considers how this French-Algerian framework might reshape our thinking about certain basic issues in the field of French Jewish history. Cet article s'appuie sur les travaux des dernières années sur les juifs et l'Algérie pour tracer un modèle franco-algérien comme nouvelle approche de l'histoire des juifs en France. L'article examine les implications de deux idées clés de la « nouvelle histoire coloniale » pour l'histoire des juifs en France et en Algérie, et pose comme principe que les juifs de l'Algérie française peuvent à juste titre être compris comme des « citoyens coloniaux ». Cet article commence par aborder brièvement une période que l'historiographie récente a développé de manière suggestive—la guerre franco-algérienne et la décolonisation—avant de passer à l'étude d'une autre époque, la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et l'Holocauste. L'article analyse l'histoire du mouvement de résistance à majorité juive qui a ouvert la voie au succès de l'opération Torch. Enfin, l'article discute de la manière dont ce cadre franco-algérien pourrait modifier notre réflexion sur certaines questions fondamentales pour l'histoire des juifs en France.

Unlocking Reserves, Fracturing Tight Gas-Condensate Bearing Sandstone: The Case History of a North African Field (Algeria)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Bertoldi ◽  
Raffaele Perfetto ◽  
Francesca Rinaldi ◽  
Gabriele Carpineta ◽  
Luis Granado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
North African ◽  
History Of

Cyriel Verschaeve aan zuster Gabriël. Zeven brieven, op het nippertje gered van de vernietiging...

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-325
Author(s):  
Luc Vandeweyer
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
History Of

Deze publicatie door Luc Vandeweyer van de briefwisseling van de Alveringemse kapelaan en Vlaams voorman Cyriel Verschaeve met de uitgesproken Vlaamsgezinde zuster Gabriëlle Van Caeneghem, medegrondlegster van de katholieke Vlaamse Meisjesbeweging en van de vrouwelijke studentenbeweging, bezorgt ons een inzicht in de gevoelswereld van Verschaeve en zijn literaire en mystieke opvattingen. Tegelijk zijn de brieven illustratief voor de sfeer van het mystiek-spirituele wereldbeeld waarin een (kwantitatief en kwalitatief) belangrijk deel van de Vlaamse beweging tijdens het interbellum baadde. Daarenboven blijkt er de verbondenheid uit van beide respondenten met de religieus-socialistisch bewogen geschriften van de Nederlandse dichteres en communiste Henriette Roland Holst-Van der Schalck. Tenslotte wordt in de bijdrage de geschiedenis van deze archiefdocumenten verhaald, als frappante casus hoe archivarissen en/of historiografen soms een ware klopjacht moeten organiseren om belangrijke historische documenten van vernietiging te redden. ________Cyriel Verschaeve to sister Gabriël. Seven letters, saved from destruction at the eleventh hour…Luc Vandeweyer's publication of the correspondence of Cyriel Verschaeve, curate of Alveringem and Flemish-nationalist leader, with the outspoken pro-Flemish sister Gabriël van Caeneghem, co-founder of the Catholic Flemish girls' movement and the movement of women students, provides us with an understanding of the emotional life of Verschaeve and his literary and mystical beliefs. The letters also illustrate the atmosphere of the mystico-religious worldview indulged in by a (quantitatively and qualitatively) large part of the Flemish movement during the Interwar period. It also demonstrates the solidarity of both correspondents with the religio-socialist inspired writings of the Dutch poet and communist Henriette Roland Holst-Van der Schalck. Finally the contribution also describes the history of these archival records, as a striking example of how archivists and/or historiographers sometimes are obliged to organise an actual round up in order to save important historical documents from destruction.

Memories of a French Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Laura Jeanne Sims
Keyword(s):  
Algerian War ◽  
African Origin ◽  
North African ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Internment Camps ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Algerian War Of Independence ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
North African Origin

This chapter examines how the French state created a crisis through its management of the arrival and installation of the Harkis in 1962. The Harkis, Algerians of North African origin who supported the French army during the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962), faced reprisal violence in Algeria at the end of the war and many were forced to migrate with their families to France. In response, French officials attempted to prevent the Harkis from escaping to France and placed some of those who succeeded in internment camps. Comparing the treatment of the Harkis with that of the Pieds-Noirs, the descendants of European settlers in Algeria who likewise fled to France in 1962, highlights the structural racism underlying French perceptions of and reactions to Harki migration. This chapter also explores the ways in which second-generation Harkis have constructed collective memories of the crisis and their attempts to hold the state responsible for its actions.

First North African record of a melanistic common genet (Genetta genetta Linnaeus, 1758)

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Ahmim ◽  
Hafid Aroudj ◽  
Farouk Aroudj ◽  
Saaid Saidi ◽  
Samir Aroudj
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
North African ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Genetta Genetta ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
True Occurrence

Abstract The common genet (Genetta genetta Linnaeus, 1758) is a rare and protected mammal species in Algeria. We report the first melanistic individual of this species ever recorded in North Africa. Such animals have only been recorded in Spain and Portugal so far. It is unclear why melanistic common genets seem to be so rare in its African range. More research is needed to determine the true occurrence of melanistic individuals, and what the evolutionary history of melanism is in common genets.

France Accused: French North Africa before the United Nations, 1952–1962

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
North Africa ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
North African ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Nationalist Parties ◽  
Major General

In the decade after 1952 France faced sustained United Nations criticism of its colonial policies in north Africa. As membership of the UN General Assembly expanded, support for the non-aligned states of the Afro-Asian bloc increased. North African nationalist parties established their permanent offices in New York to press their case for independence. Tracing UN consideration of French North Africa from the first major General Assembly discussion of Tunisia in 1952 to the end of the Algerian war in 1962, this article considers the tactics employed on both sides of the colonial/anti-colonial divide to manipulate the UN Charter's ambiguities over the rights of colonial powers and the jurisdiction of the General Assembly in colonial disputes.

The Jews of the Republic: A Political History of State Jews in France from Gambetta to Vichy

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Lee Shai Weissbach ◽  
Pierre Birnbaum ◽  
Jane Marie Todd
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Jews In France

The Afterlife of Empire in Beckett’s How It Is

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Anthony Cordingley
Keyword(s):  
Algerian War ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Moment

Abstract Relationships of political domination in Beckett’s Comment c’ est (1961)/How It Is (1964) are typically read through a specific historical moment (the Holocaust, the Algerian War) or literary representation (Dante, Sade). This article reveals spectres in the text from the long history of the colonisation of Ireland to the legacy of Renaissance and Enlightenment humanism; it explores Beckett’s sense of complicity in the Anglo-Irish Ascendency.

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