International Trade Organization

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-213
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Working Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Schuman Plan ◽  
International Trade Organization

Forty-four nations were represented at the fifth session on tariff negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade at Torquay, England which convened on September 28, 1950. Of the nations which took part in negotiations, 32 were contracting parties to GATT and seven (Austria, Korea, Peru, the Republic of the Philippines, Turkey, Uruguay and the Federal Republic of Germany) attended the conference with the hope of becoming signatories upon the completion of negotiations. There were five countries (Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Venezuela and Switzerland) which sent observers. L. Dana Wilgress of Canada was the chairman of the meeting. The United States withdrew its request to have Japan restored to full trading equality at the conference because of the indications that other nations were not yet willing to grant most-favored-nation treatment to Japan. The contracting parties negotiated among themselves for newer and broader tariff concessions than those obtained at Geneva in 1947. At the conclusion of the country-with-country bargaining, the results wtere examined by all the participating countries and upon their approval were integrated into the agreement. Other items of importance to international trade discussed were 1) the discrimination against dollar goods as practiced by some countries and 2) the relation of the Schuman Plan to the most-favored-nation clauses in existing agreements. The conference established a tariff negotiations working party of eleven to act as expeditor and policeman if the delegations were slow in initiating negotiations or dragged them on too long.

International Trade Organization

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-682
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
International Trade ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Trade Organization

Tariff negotiations were to commence September 28 at Torquay, England between the contracting parties of GATT. In August the United States announced its intention to negotiate with Cuba at the September meeting in addition to the 23 previously named countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Italy, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Sweden, Turkey, Union of South Africa and the United Kingdom). It was announced that Nicaragua had become the first Central American republic to approve GATT.

A Code of Conduct on Restrictive Business Practices: A Third Option

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 198-235
Author(s):  
Samuel Wex
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
International Trade Organization

Competing Goals in Formulating a Code of Conduct on Restrictive Business PracticesFor the past thirty years efforts to formulate and implement acceptable international norms to regulate restrictive business practices (R.B.P.’s) affecting international trade have largely failed. Yet, none can deny the necessity of such international norms in the face of the inability of national legal systems to cope with an economic order of international dimensions. The abortive International Trade Organization, as part of the Havana Charter of 1948, and the Draft E.C.O.S.O.C. International Agreement of 1953, which were originally initiated by the United States, were eventually rejected by it because “the various national policies, legislation, and enforcement procedures in this field were not sufficiently comparable.”

International Trade Organization

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-649
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Trade Organization

The seventh session of the Contracting Parties to GATT met at Geneva, Switzerland from October 2 to November 10, 1952 under the chairmanship of Johan Melander (Norway). Participating were delegates of the 34 countries which were contracting parties and observers from other governments and intergovernmental organizations. The seventh session was concerned primarily with items arising out of the operation of GATT, including items falling under the complaints procedure, tariffs and tariff negotiations, miscellaneous items proposed by governments and non-governmental organizations and the administration of GATT. Apart from an agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Austria concerning reciprocal concessions to the tariff agreement which had been concluded in 1951 within the framework of the Torquay Tariff Conference, no tariff negotiations were undertaken during the session. In connection with the reduction of tariff levels, the contracting parties reexamined the French plan for lowering tariffs by 30 percent on a worldwide basis in three yearly stages and the contracting parties instructed working parties to continue studies of the question.

Estimating the Immigration Multiplier: An Analysis of Recent Korean and Filipino Immigration to the United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Arnold ◽  
Benjamin V. Cariño ◽  
James T. Fawcett ◽  
Insook Han Park
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Republic

In recent years, the vast majority of new immigrants to the United States have been admitted under the family reunification provisions of immigration law. Under this system, the potential for future immigration depends primarily on the magnitude of previous immigration and the size and geographic distribution of family networks of previous immigrants. This article explores the effect of “chaining” through the petitioning of relatives on the demand for future immigrant visas. The data for the study come from a 1986 survey of 3, 911 respondents from the Philippines and the Republic of Korea who were interviewed in Manila and Seoul just after they had received their U.S. immigrant visas. Analyses are conducted to derive different types of multipliers that may be used in estimating the effects of chain migration, including a Theoretical Multiplier, an Adjusted Multiplier and a Projected Multiplier. The empirical results for the Philippines and Korea indicate that the potential for future immigration through the family reunification entitlements of the immigration law is lower than has previously been suggested.

International Trade Organization

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
International Trade Organization ◽  
Import Quotas

General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeThe ninth session of the contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ended on March 7, 1955. The principal obstacles to agreement before late January were felt to have been the reluctance of the United States to modify its policies on import quotas on agricultural products, the reluctance of countries adversely affected by this practice to give up their right to restrict imports of manufactures so long as the quotas continued, lack of agreement on extension of the previously negotiated tariff schedules beyond June 30, 1955, the question of agricultural subsidies as a whole, the exceptions to GATT to be permitted to a country in balance of payments difficulties, and the quantitative restrictions to be permitted under-developed countries.

United States – Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Oil Country Tubular Goods from Korea (US–OCTG (Korea)), DS488

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Kholofelo Kugler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
The Us ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
Department Of Commerce ◽  
The Republic

The dispute relates to anti-dumping measures imposed by the United States (US) on oil country tubular goods (OCTG) imported from the Republic of Korea (Korea). Korea challenged the ‘laws, regulations, administrative procedures and other measures’ through which the US maintains a ‘viability test’ in anti-dumping investigations, administrative reviews, and other aspects of anti-dumping proceedings ‘as such’ and ‘as applied’ in the underlying investigation in this dispute. Korea also challenged certain aspects of the final anti-dumping measure that was applied by the US on imports of Korean OCTG subsequent to a final determination of dumping by the US Department of Commerce (USDOC) in the underlying investigation. Moreover, Korea challenged certain conduct of the USDOC during the course of the investigation at issue. Finally, Korea challenged the USDOC's remand determination of 22 February 2016 that was issued while the current dispute was pending before the panel. This determination was taken by the USDOC subsequent to a review conducted by the US Court of International Trade (USCIT) on the final determination challenged by Korea in this dispute. The USCIT found aspects of the final determination to be inconsistent with US law and remanded that final determination to the USDOC to cure the relevant inconsistencies.

Aid from the Federal Republic of Germany to Africa

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Hofmeier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
The World

THE Federal Republic of Germany is one of the major pillars of the group of western industrialised capitalist countries, and this largely determines its rôle in international financial institutions, and its attitudes to the global economic system and market structures. The F.R.G. is second in the world, behind the United States, expressed by its share of the monetary volume of total international trade, but the proportion of exports relative to G.N.P. is much higher than in America and slightly more than in Japan.

International Trade Organization

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-354
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Executive Secretary ◽  
The Creation ◽  
International Trade Organization

By April 1949 Australia had ratified the ITO Charter, contingent on its being put into effect by the United States and the United Kingdom. Other countries were awaiting action by the United States, where President Truman was about to submit the Charter to the Congress for decision. With the acceptance of the Havana Charter by twenty countries necessary for the creation of ITO, Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the Interim Commission, stressed the importance of bringing ITO into being without delay. He described the organization as essentially a business-like approach towards the reduction of trade barriers and the expansion of trade on a multilateral, permanent basis.

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