scholarly journals Protection Against Labor Troubles

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Herman Lebovics
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
French History ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Social Question ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
First Time

By introducing an economic cycle of a new sort in Europe the Great Depression of 1873–96 encouraged the alignment of iron and textile industrialists’ interests with those of the great growers and livestock raisers. The French version, perhaps best labelled the alliance of cotton and wheat, is the concern here, for since profits and sales for both agriculture and industry traced parallel curves, for the first time in French history, representatives of these interests could unite and press the new republican leadership for common relief against depression and intensifying foreign competition. They were also impelled to unite in the face of the growing militancy of the new working class emerging in the provinces. Their spokesmen of the Association de l'Industrie Française and the associated Société des Agriculteurs addressed themselves to the new incarnation of the social question by offering protective tariffs – and protected jobs and pay checks – to workers striking more frequently and organizing more solidly than ever before. Their slogan was “the protection of national labor”. Having no reforms to offer, the Opportunist republicans and their ex-monarchist allies offered the emergent industrial working class safe incomes and economic nationalism.

The Crisis of Free Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-136
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
The Face ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

This chapter focuses on American conservative economic thought, concentrating on George Fitzhugh, George Frederick Holmes, Thomas Skidmore, and Langton Byllesby. Material and intellectual capitalism are described as revolutionary movements that American conservatives organized against. Antebellum conservatives rejected bourgeois capitalist values, further illustrating the absence of a Smithian-inspired laissez-faire consensus. Combining these thinkers into a single chapter offers a fresh perspective on what constituted economic conservative thought in the face of capitalist revolution. Southern conservatives like Fitzhugh and Holmes reserved special animus towards Smith’s Wealth of Nations, highlighting the moral and social perils of free labor, competition, and industrialization, while celebrating the benefits of paternal slavery. In Northern industrial quarters, socialists like Skidmore and Byllesby challenged the foundational principles of bourgeois capitalism, denouncing profits, private property, the maldistribution of wealth, and the social and psychological externalities of industrialization. Skidmore and Byllesby voiced a home-grown version of socialist ideology then emerging among America’s working class.

Adaptation to Industrialization: German Workers as a Test Case

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Stearns
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
First Time

Historians, in their somewhat defensive perusal of sociology for sweeping theoretical statements, perhaps underestimate the careful, often narrow, empiricism of much sociological research. Sociologists unearth facts for subsequent historians to work on and sometimes to interpret more broadly. Historical sociologists to the contrary, fact-grubbing services are mutual in the two disciplines. German sociologists were the first to study the social effects of industrialization extensively. By the early twentieth century, when masses of workers were still entering factory industry for the first time, sociologists were ready to investigate the process of adaptation through systematic interviews. British researchers in the same period, besides being dedicated amateurs for the most part, focused on the urban poor and on material conditions too exclusively still. French efforts were even more scattered. Maurice Halbwachs did some valuable studies of consumption patterns, while Le Play and his school contributed rather conservative portraits of individual workers. For purposes of understanding the working class in manufacturing, German sociological research was long unrivaled.

Emptied Lands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Kedar ◽  
Ahmad Amara ◽  
Oren Yiftachel
Keyword(s):  
Political Rights ◽  
Protracted Conflict ◽  
Terra Nullius ◽  
Legal Geography ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Legal Arguments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Legal Grounds ◽  
Indigenous Land

It is commonly claimed by Israeli authorities that Bedouins are trespassers who never acquired property or settlement rights in southern Israel/Palestine. This led to massive dispossession of Bedouins. This book sets to examine state claims by providing, for the first time, a thorough analysis of the legal geography of the Negev. It adopts critical scholarly perspectives, drawing on multidisciplinary sources from geography, law, history and the social sciences. The study defines the “Dead Negev Doctrine (DND)”—a set of legal arguments and practices founded on a manipulative use of Ottoman and British laws through which Israel constructed its own version of “'terra nullius”—the now repealed colonial doctrine denying indigenous land and political rights. The book systematically tests the doctrine, using systematic archival and geographic research, and focusing on key land cases, most notably the al-‘Uqbi claim in ‘Araqib. The analysis reveals that the DND is based on shaky, often distorted, historical and legal grounds, thereby wrongly denying land rights from the majority of the Negev Bedouins. The book then discusses the indigeneity of the Bedouins in the face of persistent state denial. It argues that international law and norms protecting indigenous peoples are highly applicable to the case of Negev Bedouins. The book then offers an overview of state and Bedouin proposals to resolve the dispute. It shows how alternative plans advanced by the Bedouins, based on the concepts of recognition and equality, provide the most promising path to resolve the protracted conflict.

The Land of Immigrants

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Scaff
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Social Question ◽  
The Social ◽  
German Immigrant ◽  
Religious Sects

This chapter focuses on Max and Marianne Weber's arrival in New York on the evening of August 29, 1904. It first describes the Webers' New York itinerary, with a particular focus on their trip to the German immigrant community in North Tonawanda. It then considers Max Weber's thoughts on church and religious sects, status and class based on his observations in North Tonawanda, as well as education and the problems of the modern university. It also examines the Webers' views on the dual challenge of the “social question” and the “woman question,” posed often in stark ways by the conditions of immigrants and working-class families, and more specifically on the issues of settlements and urban space.

A Change of Verbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 118-136
Author(s):  
Tom Teti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
College Professor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
First Time ◽  
Day By Day

How much of your life is trapped in social norms? What would you say if you were free to say what you really thought? How would you live your life differently? In this work of philosophical short fiction, Simon in a married, middle aged, college professor. Inch by inch, day by day, over his life he has given up his freedom to social norms. He stays quiet in his true thoughts in the face of his wife, and his co-workers. One day, something changes, and he decides to “change his verbs.” He tells his wife what he thinks. He tells his students what he thinks. He says no to attending pointless meetings. In short, he releases himself from the social cages that he has created for himself, and he is happy. He comes home to his wife and, seemingly for the first time in years, is free to tell her honestly that he loves her.

scholarly journals Critically Assessing the Effect of COVID-19 beyond the Pandemic: The Social and Economic Impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Enaifoghe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Uncertain Future

ABSTRACT With the increased level of unemployment rates experienced during the Great Depression, many households and employees across the world are reorienting themselves in the face of an uncertain future due to the economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to explore the social and economic impacts of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa while looking at the strategic approaches embraced by governments in responding, monitoring, and alleviating the socio-economic effects of COVID-19. This is largely based on debates and information sharing, given the insight that looks at priority issues, such as financial support to small and medium scale enterprises since lockdown in many African states. This research is a qualitative study that primarily collected its data and analyses them through the content data analysis method. The researchers found increasing impacts of COVID-19 on many states’ economies. African governments need to take charge of the opportunity to build stable economic systems.

Fairy Tales for Revolutionaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-149
Author(s):  
Deaglán Ó Donghaile
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radical Ideas

Aestheticism, with its emphasis on the right to pleasure, countered late Victorian capitalism and its denial of rights to the working class. This problem is explored in Wilde’s short stories, “The Happy Prince” and “The Selfish Giant”, both of. While these tales have been interpreted as Christian allegories, they offer profound criticisms of the ideologies of capital and property. Proposing the mutualist alternative of shared, collective sacrifice in the face of poverty and the social injustices that provided the structural bases for the operation of capital, these socially-committed political fantasies articulated radical ideas that subverted the late Victorian bourgeois sphere. In these works Wilde also criticised socially conservative art for exhibiting “style without sincerity”, and proposed Peter Kropotkin’s anarchist ideal of mutualism as a serious model for social cooperation.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-288
Author(s):  
Michael A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Constitutional Issue ◽  
Interwar Era

In a constitutional order based on popular sovereignty and parliamentary democracy, the extension of political consciousness and representation to the working class could destabilize the liberal state. As the ‘social question’—the question of material inequality—became not just an economic, but a political, and even a constitutional issue in the interwar era, the liberal state struggled to maintain hegemony. The bourgeois ...

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION TO “THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON” By W. E. B. DU BOIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366
Author(s):  
Robert Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Significance ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
The Social ◽  
University Archives ◽  
The Face ◽  
University Of Massachusetts ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe Du Bois Review is pleased to publish, for the first time, this significant reflection on “the meaning of Booker T. Washington to America,” and in so doing highlight Du Bois's desire to see courage, rather than sacrifice, prevail in the face of injustice. This previously unpublished essay is among the W. E. B. Du Bois Papers housed in the Special Collections and University Archives at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. It was brought to our attention by Robert Brown, who provides an introductory essay including an analysis of the likely date the essay was penned. We present it to our readers with the permission of The David Graham Du Bois Trust.

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