scholarly journals Servile Sentinels of the City: Private Security Guards, Organized Informality, and Labour in Interactive Services in Globalized India

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Gooptu
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Service Jobs ◽  
Interactive Services ◽  
The City ◽  
And Training

AbstractThrough a study of private security guards in urban India, this paper investigates emerging labour processes in the increasingly dominant private corporate sector of Third World rising economies, in the wake of economic liberalization and globalization. To meet the escalating need for labour in interactive services, a vast cadre of low-paid, casual workers has emerged, working under a regime of organized informality. Recruitment and training here are systematically institutionalized and formalized by private agencies, with the imprimatur of the state, but employment relations remain informal and insecure. The paper examines forms of labour subordination and a culture of servility at the workplace, as well as embodied work and emotional labour that characterize low-end service jobs. The paper shows how workers’ political subjectivity and their perception of class difference and social identity are shaped by cultural and social interaction at work and how these relate to wider democratic politics and citizenship.

scholarly journals “ACCESSIBILITY TO MINIMUM WAGE AND WAGE-INCOME DETERMINANTS: A STUDY OF THE RESIDENTIAL AND NONRESIDENTIAL PRIVATE SECURITY GUARDS IN THE CITY OF AHMEDABAD”

2021 ◽  
pp. 556-664
Author(s):  
Samir Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Private Security Industry ◽  
The City ◽  
And Training ◽  
Wage Income

Demand for security services has exploded both for residential and non-residential premises due to mounting urbanization, rapid industrialization, and expansion of trade and commerce activities in the country in recent years. This has created enormous opportunity for employment specially for the poor who otherwise may have the least possibility securing a job. The private security industry being abysmally informal, it is perceived that workers here are underpaid. As such the plight of the guards have not improved much in this sector. The city of Ahmedabad is one of the major consumersofprivate security services. Income being one of the prominent determinants of well-being, it would be interesting to look into the aspect of accessibility to prescribed minimum wage,and examine what determines wage of the private security guards in this city.More specifically, this paper endeavours to throw light on the probability of access to minimum wage bythe guards at residential and non-residential premises in the city, and examine the various determinants affecting the income wage of the guards. Pertinent econometric modelshave been constructed for the purpose of the study. Result of data analysis shows that access to minimum wage is not universally entitled to the private security guards in the city of Ahmedabad. The study finds that the residential guards has less chance of having access to minimum wage than that of their non-residential counter in the city. However, both education and training have some positive bearing on the wage income of the guards.

scholarly journals Ethnic Minority Youths’ Encounters With Private Security Guards: Unwelcome in the City Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-143
Author(s):  
Elsa Saarikkomäki ◽  
Anne Alvesalo-Kuusi
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
City Space ◽  
The City ◽  
Being Moved ◽  
Net Widening

An increasing amount of literature is suggesting that ethnic minorities perceive their relations with the police as negative and procedurally unjust. There is, however, a distinctive lack of research on the relations between ethnic minorities and private security agents. This study uses the qualitative interviews of 30 ethnic minority youths living in Finland to explore their interactions with security guards. The findings suggest that perceptions of discrimination, suspicion, being moved on, and exclusion from city space were common. The study advances the theorizations of the changes in policing and procedural justice and incorporates these into the discussions on policing the city space. It argues that net-widening of policing means that city spaces are becoming more unwelcoming for ethnic minority youths in particular, limiting their opportunities to use city spaces.

Private Security in Nairobi, Kenya: Securitized Landscapes, Crosscurrents, and New Forms of Sociality

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
The City

Abstract:This article documents some of the forms of sociality engendered by the massive and growing presence of private security guards around Nairobi, Kenya. A focus on violence and the logic of an ideal of the use of violence in critical security studies literature obfuscates these networks in a similar way to idealizations of public space and the public sphere in anthropological literature on private security and residential enclaves. By looking at the close ties guards maintain with their homes in rural areas of Nairobi and the associations they make with people such as hawkers, it becomes clear that their presence in the city is creating new sets of valuations and obligations all the time. These forms of sociality are not galvanized by the threat of violence that the guards evoke; rather, they are engendered alongside and at cross-currents to the idealized, securitized landscape.

scholarly journals Citizen Satisfaction With Private Police in Russia: Does Satisfaction With Public Police Matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gurinskaya ◽  
Mahesh K. Nalla
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Procedural Fairness ◽  
Private Security ◽  
General Satisfaction ◽  
Citizen Satisfaction ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The City ◽  
Training Protocols

In this study, we assess citizens’ satisfaction with private security guards (PSGs) and whether contact experience and their assessment about the guards’ competence in their work and procedural fairness in their interactions influence their satisfaction. We also examine whether their general satisfaction with public police mediates the factors that influence their satisfaction with PSGs. Results from a sample of 364 respondents from the city of St. Petersburg show that citizens come in contact with private police in large numbers as they do with public police. Findings suggest that citizens’ judgments of effectiveness and procedural fairness of private police appear to be the strongest predictors of citizens’ satisfaction with PSGs. In addition, respondents’ satisfaction with private police on various dimensions of professionalism, effectiveness, and procedural fairness of PSGs is partially mediated by citizen satisfaction with public police, a finding that does not hold for those who had contact with PSGs. We discuss implications in light of strengthening training protocols by incorporating procedural justice issues to highlight citizen-guard interactions, as well as to enhance self-legitimacy of guards.

scholarly journals Skills vs training needed by SMEs in the financial intermediation sector: Is a marriage between these two better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Michael Colin Cant ◽  
Cindy Erdis ◽  
Safura M. Kallier ◽  
Bernard Van Heerden
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Conceptual Skills ◽  
The City ◽  
And Training

SMEs within the financial intermediation sector has an important role to play in any economy and maybe even more so in a third world economy. This sector provides the country with essential financial functions, such as daily economic transactions, savings and insurance. Attaining the correct skills and receiving the correct training is essential in the survival of these SMEs in an ever changing business environment. This article focuses on the existing skills that SMEs in the financial intermediation sector possess and establishing the skills and training that they need or perceive to need in order to adapt to this environment. The target population for this study consisted of SMEs within the City of Tshwane in South Africa and structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results of the study showed that both employers and employees in the financial intermediation sector are in need of essential financial, technical and conceptual skills, and that these will have to be integrated to secure the best possible results

Effects of The Work Ethic in Private SECURITY Guards on Job Attitude and Job Immersion are Investigated

J-Institute ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Kyoungwook Ha ◽  
◽  
Kyungwhan Ka ◽  
Jeongha Kim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Ethic ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Job Attitude

Determinants of Audit Quality with Auditor's Professionalism Skepticism as a Mediating Variable in Public Accounting Firm (KAP) Medan City

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Shabrina Tri Asti Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Professional Skepticism ◽  
Accounting Firm ◽  
The City ◽  
And Training ◽  
Good Attitude

The purpose of this study is to detect factors that encourage an increase in auditor professionalism skepticism so that they are able to produce quality audits. It is realized that audit quality comes from a good audit process and the auditor puts forward a good attitude of professional skepticism. The results of this study indicate that the experience and competence of auditors can increase the attitude of skepticism of auditor professionalism and audit quality. In addition, the skepticism of the auditor's professionalism is able to mediate the experience of the auditor and the competence of the auditor affects the quality of the audit. For KAP, especially in the city of Medan, it has an obligation to provide an equal portion of audit assignments to all auditors and provide opportunities for auditors to improve their abilities by attending education and training from both formal and non-formal educational institutions. Keywords: Experience, Competence, Skepticism, Audit Quality.

Streets, scum and people: Discourses of (in)civility in postwar Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 326-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Hromadžić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Political Inclusion ◽  
Material Things ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City

Building on more than ten years of ethnographic research in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina, this article documents discourses and practices of civility as mutuality with limits. This mode of civility operates to regulate the field of socio-political inclusion in Bosnia-Herzegovina; it stretches to include self-described “urbanites” while, at the same time, it excludes “rural others” and “rural others within.” In order to illustrate the workings of civility as mutuality with limits, the focus is on interconnections and messy relationships between different aspects of civility: moral, political/civil, and socio-cultural. Furthermore, by using ethnography in the manner of theory, three assumptions present in theories of civility are challenged. First, there is an overwhelming association of civility with bourgeois urban space where civility is located in the city. However, the focus here is on how civility works in the context of Balkan and Bosnian semi-periphery, suspended between urbanity and rurality. Second, much literature on civility implies that people enter public spaces in ways that are unmarked. As is shown here, however, people’s bodies always carry traces of histories of inequality. Third, scholarship on civility mainly takes the materiality of urban space for granted. By paying careful attention to what crumbling urban space looks and feels like, it is demonstrated how civility is often entangled with, experienced through and articulated via material things, such as ruins. These converging, historically shaped logics, geographies and materialities of (in)civility illustrate how civility works as an “incomplete horizon” of political entanglement, recognition and mutuality, thus producing layers of distinction and hierarchies of value, which place a limit on the prospects of democratic politics in Bosnia-Herzegovina and beyond.

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