Sevruguin's Iran: Late Nineteenth Century Photographs of Iran from the National Museum of Ethnology in Leiden, the Netherlands, edited by L.A. Fereydoun Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn and Gillian M. Vogelsang-Eastwood, Tehran/Rotterdam: Zaman, Barjesteh, 1999, ISBN 964–90999–9–9, 174 pages. - Qajar Era Photographs: with the Curator's Choice of Photographs from Qajar Era Photography Collections in the Netherlands, edited by L.A. Fereydoun Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn, editor-in-chief, and Sahar Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosravani, Manoutchehr Eskandari-Qajar et al, Volume 1 of the Journal of the International Qajar Studies Association, Rotterdam/Santa Barbara/Tehran, 2001, ISBN 90–5613–059–5, 71 pages.

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
Kambiz Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Photography Collections

Creolised Confucianism: Syncretism and Confucian revivalism at the turn of the twentieth century in Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 154-174
Author(s):  
Oiyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Doctrine Of The Mean ◽  
Netherlands East Indies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Confucian revivalism swept over China, the Straits Settlements and the Netherlands East Indies in the late nineteenth century. Rather than perceiving China as the single foundational centre for Confucian ideas, this article argues that pioneering Confucian revivalists who undertook to translate, interpret and spread Confucian knowledge in Java did not simply follow mainstream ideas that prevailed in China, or the lead of the Straits Settlements. Considered as the first Malay language translation of the ‘Great Learning’ and the ‘Doctrine of the Mean’, with accompanying commentaries, Yoe Tjai Siang and Tan Ging Tiong's Kitab Tai Hak–Tiong Iong (1900), contained an eclectic blend of Hokkien/Chinese, Malay, Javanese, Dutch/Christian and Arabic/Islamic concepts and vocabulary. Analysis of the translators’ aims and the work itself, shows that Java's peranakan Chinese initially developed a unique, creolised interpretation of Confucianism, while being connected to other reformers and revivalists in China and the Straits Settlements. As these connections and formal educational exchanges intensified, this creolised interpretation of Confucianism in Java would give way to a more orthodox version.

The Low Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 680-696
Author(s):  
Arie L. Molendijk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Early History ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Final Note ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The 1960S

Notwithstanding certain similarities, Belgium and the Netherlands have different national histories. Keeping this in mind, this chapter is divided into four sections: early history, pillarization, secularization, and Islam and new developments. From its foundation in 1830, Belgium has been predominantly Catholic, whereas the Netherlands claimed to be a Protestant nation, despite a large minority of Catholics. In the late nineteenth century, self-contained worlds (‘pillars’) emerged in both countries. Catholics, and in the Netherlands orthodox Protestants as well, used their many-branched pillars of societal organizations to emancipate and mobilize their constituencies. In the 1960s, the pillars started to crumble and the number of non-affiliated rose to 42 per cent in Belgium, and 68 per cent in the Netherlands. Notwithstanding the immigration of significant groups of Christians and Muslims and a flourishing market in spirituality, both countries have become very secularized. A final note summarizes the situation in Luxembourg.

Evolutionism and Positivism (c. 1860–1900)

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Diaz-Andreu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Evolutionary Theories ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Remote Past

This was the way that one of the executive members of the Swiss National Museum phrased, at the end of the nineteenth century, the changes that had taken place in the previous decades: the interest in the national past was replacing the former emphasis on the Great Civilizations. Another transformation that had occurred was that the study of prehistory, rather than the history of the Roman and medieval periods, was definitively on the agenda. This change of emphasis, which took place between the 1860s and 1880s, had been in motion throughout the century but had finally crystallized in the last two decades of the century. By then, nationalism had transformed its character into a predominantly conservative doctrine. Another adjustment was also apparent. The acceptance of evolutionism had emerged as a major scientific theory to explain change. Issues of nationalism, regionalism, and imperialism became intertwined with scientific theory and further nourished the interest in the remote past. The development of methods to study evolution in the natural sciences promoted a scientific approach to the prehistoric period. At the same time, this affected attitudes towards the Roman and the medieval past. In this chapter, therefore, I reject the view expressed by other historians of archaeology such as Trigger (1989: 148) and to a certain degree Sklenár (1983: 123–6), who think that nationalism constituted a threat to cultural evolutionism and its eventual dismissal. This, they think, took place when scholars moved towards the adoption of the culture-historical perspective in the first decades of the twentieth century. The following pages will reveal, however, that the belief in evolutionism was not contrary to the nationalist cause. Late nineteenth-century archaeologists believed in the evolutionary theories to a greater or lesser extent. Despite this, they also became deeply implicated in the construction of their national past, to a degree not seen in previous decades. Culture-history did not oppose evolutionism; it accepted its tenets and moved beyond them.

scholarly journals Determinants of infant and early childhood mortality levels and their decline in The Netherlands in the late nineteenth century

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H Wolleswinkel-van den Bosch ◽  
Frans WA van Poppel ◽  
Caspar WN Looman ◽  
Johan P Mackenbach
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Monstrous Births

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora E. Jaffary
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter uses eighteenth- and nineteenth-century news publications, medical periodicals, and an 1895 catalogue of birth anomalies from Mexico’s National Museum of History to study evolving ideas about birth monstrosity. In the late colonial period, Mexicans understood anomalous births as evidence of New Spain’s prodigious fertility, a perspective that reflected both the particularized manner in which the Enlightenment developed in Mexico and the late colonial development of “creole patriotism”. Nineteenth-century reports of monstrous births revealed some changes. The later notices conveyed popular attitudes of revulsion and horror toward birth monsters. Second, whereas the late colonial notices restricted speculation as to the origins of unusual infants to “the rare effects of nature,” by the late nineteenth century, scientists and physicians, particularly obstetrician Juan María Rodrígez, turned their focus directly onto (and into) the bodies of the mothers who had produced such phenomena. They increasingly monitored the biological conditions of aberrant embryos’ development in the female uterus. This view allowed for the possible biological regeneration of monstrous productions but also contributed to the construction of the inherent pathology of Mexican women’s reproductive anatomy.

scholarly journals Erard Harps in the Collection of the Czech Museum of Music

Musicalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-114
Author(s):  
Daniela Kotašová
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Success ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Instrument Maker ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract The present harp collection of the National Museum – Czech Museum of Music contains Erard pedal harps from various periods of that famed Parisian company’s activity. In creating musical instruments, Sébastian Erard built upon the work of G. Cousineau and C. Groll and became the most successful manufacturer of double-action pedal harps with a fourchette (fork) mechanism (mécanique à fourchettes et à double mouvement). Erard’s work as an instrument maker influenced not only the historical development of the harp, but also the work of other instrument makers. In Bohemia, the Czech harp maker Alois Červenka (1858–1938) built upon Erard’s work with great success. The Erard harps in the collection of the Czech Museum of Music document the Czech socio-cultural context in which the harps of the French instrument maker were used from the late nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth.

The Disputed Origins of Dutch Calvinism: Religious Refugees in the Historiography of the Dutch Reformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-426
Author(s):  
Jesse Spohnholz ◽  
Mirjam G. K. van Veen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
Late Nineteenth

According to historiographical convention, the experience of exile by Protestants from the Habsburg Netherlands between the 1550s and the early 1570s played a critical role in promoting confessional Calvinism in the early Dutch Republic. But there are too many problems in the evidentiary basis to sustain this conclusion. This essay traces the historiography on the Dutch Reformation in order to isolate where and why this idea emerged. It demonstrates that no specific role for religious refugees in the development of Dutch Calvinism can be found in historical writing from the late sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. Only in the late nineteenth century, during a debate about the role of the Dutch Reformed Church in the Netherlands, did the experiences of religious refugees come to take on a specific role in explaining the development of Dutch Calvinism. The idea first emerged among Neo-Calvinists who critiqued state supervision of their church. By the twentieth century, it came to be used by orthodox and moderate Reformed Protestants, as well as liberal and secular academic historians. This paper thus demonstrates that this key interpretive framework for understanding the Dutch Reformation was the product not of developments in the sixteenth-century Habsburg Netherlands, but of religious politics in the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the late nineteenth century.

scholarly journals George Lyell and Frederick Parkhurst Dodd: authority and expertise in nineteenth-century Australian entomology

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Deirdre Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article focuses on the correspondence and careers of two lepidopterists, George Lyell and F. P. Dodd. Drawing on Dodd’s unpublished letters to Lyell during the late nineteenth-century rage for butterflying, it examines how private acquisition gave way to the professional activity of collecting and, in Lyell’s case, the eventual gifting of a large and significant collection of moths and butterflies to the National Museum of Victoria from 1932 through to 1946. The article also examines how issues of authority and expertise were measured and contested among collectors in this period.

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