Contact toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides to adults of the parasite Chelonus blackburni Cameron

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Surulivelu ◽  
M. Vijayaraghava Menon
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Carbamate Group ◽  
Chelonus Blackburni

SUMMARYFour synthetic pyrethroids: fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cypermethrin and permethrin were evaluated as spray deposits on cotton leaves for their contact toxicity to adults of the parasite Chelonus blackburni Cameron (Braconidae). Fenvalerate was found to be the least toxic of the four pyrethroids. In another study five organophosphorus insecticides (profenofos, bromophos ethyl, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, monocrotophos), three carbamates (U.C.51762, carbosulfan, bendiocarb) and diflubenzuron were evaluated for their contact toxicity to the same parasite. U.C.51762 (carbamate group experimental insecticide) and diflubenzuron were less toxic while the five organophosphorus insecticides, carbosulfan and bendiocarb were highly toxic to the parasite.Contact toxicity of spray deposits of four synthetic pyrethroids were studied against parasitization and subsequent development of the parasite C. blackburni on thin strips of egg cards Corcyra cephlonica Stainton. It was observed that fenvalerate was not reducing oviposition or affecting subsequent development of the parasite and emergence from the parasitized eggs while the other pyrethroids, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin, were toxic.

THE “REVOLUTION” IN FINANCIAL REPORTING THEORY: A KUHNIAN INTERPRETATION

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mouck
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Market Economics ◽  
Economic Income ◽  
The Revolution

A Kuhnian perspective is used to explain the transition in financial reporting theory from an “economic income perspective” to an “informational perspective” (a transition that Beaver refers to as a “revolution”), and to examine the subsequent development of the latter. The demise of the economic income perspective (represented by the normative a priorists) is attributed to the lack of a paradigm which could serve to identify research problems and provide methodological guidance. The success of the informational paradigm, on the other hand, is attributed to the fact that it was, in essence, a sub-paradigm of the broader and well-established market economics paradigm. The study concludes, however, with a discussion of two types of persistent anomalous findings (the first with respect to the EMH and the second with respect to the CAPM) that have the potential to generate a crisis for the informational paradigm.

Carbamate Poisoning: The `Other' Insecticide

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-738
Author(s):  
Mark Garber
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Carbamate Insecticide

A 16-month-old child who ingested rat poison, according to her parents, was noted to have signs of cholinergic poisoning. In the emergency department, the child was intubated and given atropine via the endotracheal tube until venous access was established. Phytonadione (vitamin K) and pralidoxime (2-PAM) Were also administered. The child recovered after an uneventful hospital course. The toxic agent was determined to be a carbamate insecticide, for which treatment with pralidoxime is considered controversial. Treatment of cholinergic poisoning due to unknown or mixed agents and poisoning caused by known carbamate insecticides are discussed.

Basaglia in France

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Nicolas Henckes ◽  
Anne M. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Institutional Practice ◽  
The One ◽  
Mental Health Policies ◽  
Second World ◽  
French Paradox

This chapter assesses Franco Basaglia’s enduring influence in France by focusing on the circulation of concepts and practices and their effects on French mental health policies and scattered experimentation. Despite similar origins, Basaglia’s early work contrasts with the Second World War movement of French psychiatric reformers to humanize the asylum, including through ‘psychothérapie institutionnelle’ and the subsequent development of a sectorization policy. The chapter then examines the extent to which Basaglia’s ideas took ground in France through the efforts of a small network of psychiatric practitioners and intellectuals, within roughly three periods: 1960–1980, 1980–2000, and 2000 to the present. In conclusion, the chapter asks what might explain the French paradox: the early receptivity to Basaglia’s politically-oriented, community-based, anti-institutional practice, on the one hand; and a tenacious hospital-centric psychiatric system and increased use of constraints and high-security confinement, on the other.

scholarly journals CARRIAGE OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS, WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFECTION

1917 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Taylor ◽  
Harold L. Amoss
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Family Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Original Case ◽  
Perfect Recovery

A family group containing four children of whom all showed in varying degree symptoms of poliomyelitis is described. The source of infection and periods of incubation have been followed. Two of the children were proven by inoculation tests to carry the virus of poliomyelitis in the nasopharynx. Of these, one was detected to be a carrier after recovering from a non-paralytic attack of the disease, and the other was discovered to be a carrier about 5 days before the initial symptoms, attended later by paralysis, appeared. The original case from which the three others took origin was fatal; the youngest child, after quite a severe onset, was treated with immune serum, and made a prompt and almost perfect recovery. The nasopharyngeal secretions of two of the cases, taken 1 month after the attack, proved incapable of neutralizing an active poliomyelitic virus. The proposition is presented that every case of poliomyelitis develops from a carrier of the microbic cause, or virus, of poliomyelitis.

CONTACT TOXICITY OF SOME PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, TO INSECTICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE AND PYRETHROID-RESISTANT STRAINS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Harris ◽  
S.A. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
A Minor

AbstractLaboratory tests showed that a Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), strain collected from potatoes on a farm near Sherbrooke, Quebec, and known in 1979 to be resistant to most recommended organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides, also had developed 23- to 38-fold levels of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and cypermethrin by 1982. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) had only a minor effect on fenvalerate and deltamethrin toxicity to insecticide-susceptible CPB and on deltamethrin toxicity to pyrethroid-resistant CPB. However, PB effectively synergized fenvalerate in pyrethroid-resistant CPB, e.g. a 1:8 fenvalerate:PB mixture was 12-fold more toxic than fenvalerate alone.

Four Cases of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in Patients Exposed to Organic Solvents*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 934-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mccrank ◽  
K. Rabheru
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Exposure ◽  
Solvent Exposure ◽  
Industrial Firm ◽  
Environmental Toxin

Four cases are described in which Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is associated with the use of organic solvents. Two of them are a housewife and an ex-banker who had multiple exposure to insecticides (with organic solvent base), followed years later with a diagnosis of PSP. The other two are of lithographers, both of whom worked at the same industrial firm where solvent exposure took place with subsequent development of PSP. The hypothesis that PSP is linked to an environmental toxin is supported by these cases.

COMPATIBILITY OF 27 CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Urea Derivative ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides

AbstractThe compatibility of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) with 27 chemical insecticides representing organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, pyrethrins, chlordimeform, urea derivative, and antifeedant were studied by way of their effects on germination of the bacterial spores, replication of vegetative cells and spore staining, and refractive index characteristics.The results showed that: (1) Carbamates were generally more compatible with Bacillus thuringiensis than were the other insecticide groups tested. (2) Technical formulations were less harmful to the bacteria than wettable powders which were less harmful than emulsifiable concentrates. (3) Of the 27 pesticides, those most compatible with B.t. were Orthene®, Dylox®, Lannate®, Sevin®, Zectran®, and Dimilin®. These insecticides are considered recommendable for use in integrated control operations with Bacillus thuringiensis if the target insects are susceptible to them and provided that due regard is given to the environmental implications of their use.

Metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides by liver homogenates from different species

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1155-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. N. Rao ◽  
W. P. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Monkey Liver ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Male Chicken ◽  
Oxidative System ◽  
Female Chicken

The rates of disappearance of parathion, diazinon, ethion, phorate, Di-Syston (disulfoton), methyl-parathion, Guthion (aziaphosmethyl), and ronnel effected by a hepatic oxidative desulfurating system of four different species in the presence of NAD and NADP were determined. The rates of disappearance of the last three insecticides effected by the demethylating system in the presence of reduced glutathione have been determined also. The parent insecticides were determined by gas–liquid chromatography after extracting them from the incubation mixture with hexane. The conversion products formed by the oxidative system were detected by carboxylesterase inhibition on thin-layer chromatographic plates. Inhibitors were detected in extracts from the incubation mixtures of all liver homogenates with all the insecticides studied except phorate and Di-Syston. The rates of disappearance of phorate and Di-Syston were considerably higher than the rates for the other compounds with all the liver homogenates studied except female chicken liver. Methylparathion, Guthion, and ronnel were metabolized by both systems, but the demethylating system was more active for the three compounds. The rates of disappearance of the different insecticides effected by the oxidative system were considerably less when incubated with female chicken livers than with male chicken livers. These differences were not observed with the demethylating system. The rat, guinea pig, and monkey liver homogenates were all uniformly active in metabolizing the different insecticides by the oxidative system.

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