Mutagenic activity of alachlor, butachlor and carbaryl to a N2-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum

SummaryAlachlor, butachlor and carbaryl were highly toxic to the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum, when grown on solid minimal (nitrogen-free) medium. At pesticides doses allowing about 20, 50 and 60% survival of the organism, various mutations were obtained in N. muscorum, reverse mutation from het+nif– and het–nif+ auxotrophy to het+nif+ prototrophy, forward mutation for resistance to 0·37 mM L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine, and auxotrophic mutation for the achievement of carbon-auxotrophy through 5 mM methylamine-resistance. The toxic and mutagenic effects of the three pesticides were similar to those of the well known mutagen MNNG.

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Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1080/10915810600959667 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 477-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

James C. Griffiths ◽

Ray A. Matulka ◽

Ronan Power

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Aberration ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Mutagenic Activity ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Selenium Yeast ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Reverse Mutation ◽

High Selenium ◽

Chromosome Aberration Test

Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

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Mutagenicity tests of diflubenzuron in the micronucleus test in mice, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay, and the Ames Salmonella reverse mutation test

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/0165-1218(79)90006-5 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

James T. Macgregor ◽

Daniel H. Gould ◽

Ann D. Mitchell ◽

MitchellGery P. Sterling

Keyword(s):

Micronucleus Test ◽

Reverse Mutation ◽

Mutagenicity Tests ◽

Mutation Assay ◽

Forward Mutation ◽

Mouse Lymphoma

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Anti- and pro-mutagenic effects of silymarin in the ames bacterial reverse mutation assay

Phytotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/ptr.2772 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1378-1384 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sampath Kaleeswaran ◽

Padmanabhan Sriram ◽

Daivasigamani Prabhu ◽

Chinnathambi ◽

Vijayakumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reverse Mutation ◽

Mutagenic Effects ◽

Mutation Assay

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Characterization and Quantification of Compounds in the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves fromTerminalia catappaLinn. (Combretaceae) and Their Mutagenic Activity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/676902 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Francisco José Mininel ◽

Carlos Sérgio Leonardo Junior ◽

Lívia Greghi Espanha ◽

Flávia Aparecida Resende ◽

Eliana Aparecida Varanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ames Test ◽

Mutagenic Activity ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Calibration Standard ◽

Hyphenated Techniques ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

External Calibration ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Mutagenic Effects ◽

C Nmr

Terminaliais a genus of Combretaceous plants widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the majority compounds of the hydroalcoholic extract (7 : 3, v/v) of the leaves fromT. catappaby HPLC-PDA, chemically characterize by hyphenated techniques (HPLC-ESI-IT-MSn) and NMR, and evaluate its mutagenic activity by theSalmonella/microsome assay onS. typhimuriumstrains TA98, TA97a, TA100, and TA102. The quantification of analytes was performed using an external calibration standard. Punicalagin is the most abundant polyphenol found in the leaves. The presence of this compound as a mixture of anomers was confirmed using HPLC-PDA and1H and13C NMR. Mutagenic activity was observed in strains TA100 and TA97a. As the extract is a complex mixture of punicalagin, its derivatives, and several other compounds, the observed mutagenicity may be explained in part by possible synergistic interaction between the compounds present in the extract. These studies show that mutagenic activity ofT. catappain the Ames test can only be observed when measured at high concentrations. However, considering the mutagenic effects observed forT. catappa, this plant should be used cautiously for medicinal purposes.

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Assessment of Mutagenic Effect ofG. acerosaandS. wightiiinS. typhimurium(TA 98, TA 100, and TA 1538 strains) and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect in Human Mononuclear Cells: A Non-Clinical Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/313942 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Arif Nisha Syad ◽

Pandima Devi Kasi

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Mutagenic Activity ◽

Mutagenic Effect ◽

Genotoxic Effect ◽

Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Human Mononuclear Cells ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Mutagenic Effects

The marine red algae (Gelidiella acerosaandSargassum wightii) possessing excellent antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity were subjected to toxicity evaluation for a deeper understanding of other bioprotective properties of seaweeds. Cytotoxic evaluation was done by trypan blue exclusion, and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays using human PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and RBC (red blood cells) lysis assay using human erythrocytes. Mutagenicity of the seaweeds was analyzed by Ames salmonella mutagenicity test with the histidine dependent mutant strains TA 98, TA100 and TA 1538. Genotoxic activity was verified in PBMC by comet assay. The results suggest that benzene extract ofG. acerosa(BEGA) and dichloromethane extract ofS. wightii(DMESW) did not show cytotoxic effect both in PBMC and erythrocytes. Evaluation of mutagenic activity suggests that the seaweeds did not cause any mutagenic effects both in the absence and the presence of S9 microsomal fraction in all the threeSalmonellamutant strains. Results of genotoxic study showed that PBMC treated with seaweed extracts (1 mg/mL) exhibit less or no damage to cells, thus proving the non-genotoxic effect of the extract. Since thesein vitronon-clinical studies clearly demonstrate the non-toxic nature of the seaweeds, they could be exploited for further characterization, which would result in development of novel and safe therapeutic entities.

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Mutagenic evaluation of etintidine (BL-5641), a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist, using reverse mutation tests in bacteria and forward mutation tests in V79 Chinese hamster cells

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/0165-1218(87)90006-1 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 188 (4) ◽

pp. 301-306

Author(s):

Fumiaki Ishida ◽

Hisao Kondo ◽

Mieko Fukushima ◽

Toshio Kamei

Keyword(s):

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Chinese Hamster ◽

H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽

Histamine H2 Receptor ◽

Chinese Hamster Cells ◽

H2 Receptor ◽

Reverse Mutation ◽

Forward Mutation ◽

Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist

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Genotoxicity of triiodothyronine: Effects on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and human lymphocytes in vitro

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1702387b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 387-397

Author(s):

Jasna Bosnjak-Neumüller ◽

Ninoslav Djelic ◽

Milena Radakovic ◽

Stoimir Kolarevic ◽

Dragana Mitic-Culafic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Ames Test ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Reverse Mutation ◽

Mutagenic Effects ◽

Mutation Assay

There is increasing evidence that substances which are normally present in human or animal bodies may, under the certain circumstances, exhibit deleterious effects on genetic material, therefore acting as endogenous mutagenic agents. Since hormones represent one of the best studied endogenous mutagens, some research focused on the possible role of thyroid hormone in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Indeed, thyroid hormones accelerate aerobic metabolism and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, therefore, may exhibit mutagenic effects in various test systems on mammalian cells. However, possible mutagenic effects on prokaryotic DNA has not been investigated so far. Hence, the aim of this research was to compare the sensitivity of TA 100 Salmonella typhimurium with and without metabolic activation with S9 fraction, and human lymphocytes to possible genotoxic effects of triiodothyronine (T3). Therefore, we used the reverse mutation assay on S. typhimurium (Ames test) and in vitro Comet assay in isolated peripheral blood human lymphocytes. In both tests-systems a broad spectrum of T3 concentrations was applied. The obtained results showed absence of genotoxic effects of T3 in bacterial reverse mutation assay and very profound genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes at concentrations higher than 15 ?M. We only observed cytotoxic effects in bacterial system at very high T3 concentrations (300 and 500 ?M). In conclusion, T3 was unable to increase the level of reverse mutations in Ames test both with and without S9 mix. Therefore, it seems that ROS production in mitochondria may be the primary cause of DNA damage caused by T3 in mammalian cells.

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Absence of mutagenic effects of a particular Symphytum officinale L. liquid extract in the bacterial reverse mutation assay

Phytotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/ptr.3000 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 466-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Birgit Benedek ◽

Andreas Ziegler ◽

Peter Ottersbach

Keyword(s):

Reverse Mutation ◽

Liquid Extract ◽

Symphytum Officinale ◽

Mutagenic Effects ◽

Mutation Assay

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The limit distribution of the number of rare mutants

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/s0021900200038699 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 27 (02) ◽

pp. 239-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mark Finkelstein ◽

Howard G. Tucker ◽

Jerry Alan Veeh

Keyword(s):

Generating Function ◽

Limit Distribution ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Probability Generating Function ◽

Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽

Mutation Process ◽

Reverse Mutation ◽

Side Condition ◽

Necessary And Sufficient ◽

Forward Mutation

We study the number of mutants in a mutation process in which reverse mutation is allowed and in which both normal and mutant organisms reproduce at the same rate. Under a mild side condition on the rate of forward mutation we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the number of mutants to converge in distribution. We find the probability generating function of the limit distribution, when it exists. We present an example which shows that the mild side condition cannot be relaxed.

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