Effects of liquid extract from Plinia cauliflora fruits residues on Chinese hamsters biochemical parameters

Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularly known as jabuticaba, is rich in polyphenols. Phenolic compounds exhibit several biological properties, which reflect on biomarkers such as biochemical parameters. In the present study, we evaluated the plasmatic levels of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid of Chinese hamsters fed for 45 days with a regular diet or cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with a liquid extract obtained from P. cauliflora fruits residues standardized in ellagic acid and total phenolic compounds. The results showed that the concentrated extract obtained from jabuticaba residues increased the glycemia of animals fed with a regular diet and reduced the plasmatic uric acid levels of animals fed with a cholesterol-enriched diet. Since hyperuricemia is considered to be a significant risk factor of metabolic disorders and the principal pathological basis of gout, the liquid extract from P. cauliflora fruits residues would be a promising candidate as a novel hypouricaemic agent for further investigation.

Influence of Seaweed (Padina antrillarum) Extract Foliar Application on Growth and Flowering of Roses Variety ‘Local’

The Seaweed (Padina antrillarum) abundantly found in the coastal region of Eastern Sri Lanka. Seaweed contains a wide range of nutrients and hormones for plant growth. An experiment was conducted at the Crop Farm, Eastern University, Sri Lanka to assess the effects of seaweed (Padina antrillarum) extract on the flowering of roses var. ‘Local’ from July to September 2020. Four treatments were used in this experiment viz. 10% (T1), 20% (T2), and 30% (T3) seaweed extracts with control treatment (T4). Treatments were applied at once-a-week interval. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three replications. All other management practices were followed uniformly. Measurements were done at once a month. Collected data were analyzed. The higher performances in measured parameters (plant height, leaf area, plant biomass, number of flowers per plant) were observed in T2. It showed that once a week application of 20% seaweed liquid extract had the potential to increase growth and flower production in roses. It might be due to the presence of nutrients and the growth hormones in seaweed extract and optimum concentration of seaweed extract received by plants at T2. In T1 and T3, plants received sub-optimum and higher concentration respectively. It could be the reason for the lowest performances in these treatments. From this experiment, it could be concluded that once a week application of 20% seaweed liquid extract of Padina antrillarum is suitable to increase flowering in roses of treatment tested.

Phytocomponents and antioxidant activity in the methanol extract of seed lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaernt.) from Viet Nam

In this study, we determined the phytocomponents using GC-MS and evaluated antioxidant activity by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay of the methanolic extract of six lotus varieties seed in Viet Nam (N. Nucifera). GC-MS chromatogram of the methanolic extract of six lotus varieties seed in Viet Nam showed 27 peaks which indicate the presence of 27 phytochemical constituents. The major phytochemical constituent is methyl-alpha-dgalactopyranoside (66,86-78,69%) in all lotus varieties. Antioxidant activity of liquid extract and condensed extract was found as 8.20-15.67 mg/mL and 0.850-1.286 mg/mL in comparison with IC50 of ascorbic acid (3.2 μg/mL). Moreover, 50 % of the DPPH scavenging ability of liquid and condensed extract differed from each other. From obtained results, the seeds of six lotus varieties in Viet Nam were found to be potential for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE SPRAY BASED ON IBUPROFEN AND LIQUID WORMWOOD EXTRACT

The article presents the results of determining anti-inflammatory activity of the spray based on ibuprofen and liquid wormwood extract. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied on the model of local acute carrageenan inflammation. As a result of the studies it was found that the increase in paw weight averaged 49,66% in the control group of rats, in the group of rats receiving the comparison drug «Ibuleve» - 11,26%. For the group of rats receiving combined composition and the same composition without ibuprofen, the average increase in paw weight was 7,11% and 15,07%, respectively. The index of inflammatory inhibition when using combined composition was 85,68%, the composition with liquid extract of wormwood without ibuprofen was 69,65%, the liquid extract of wormwood 1:1 was 53,00%. The index of edema suppression proves that combined composition of the spray containing ibuprofen and liquid extract of wormwood has the most pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, for which the percentage of edema suppression exceeds the value for the comparison drug on the average by 8,36%.

Synthesis of Co (ii) and Zn (ii) complexes of modified and unmodified cashew nut (Anacardium occidentals L.) shell liquid extract

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) extract obtained using soxhlet extraction method with acetone as solvent has been used in the synthesis of Co (II) and Zn (II) metal complexes. The CNSL gave a molecular peak ion of 298g/mol-1 on a GC-MS, an indication that cardanol was more prominent than anacardic acid in the obtained extract. Physicochemical parameters such as saponification value (50.30 mgKOH/g), moisture content (5.10), iodine value (241.00 mgKOH/g), ash content (1.30) and pH (6.31) were equally obtained. The metal complexes of Co (II) and Zn (II) prepared with unmodified (UMCNSL) and aniline modified CNSL (AMCNSL) were characterized using UV-visible, FTIR, melting point and electrical conductivity. Some characteristic FTIR bands were observed for AMCNSL, UMCNCL, AMCNSL-ZnCl2.H2O (1612cm-1) and AMCNSL-CoCl2.6H2O (1612cm-1). The presence of C=N were confirmed in the metal complex of AMCNSL-ZnCl.H2O and AMCNSL-CoCl.6H2O but were not present in the UMCNSL-ZnCl.H2O and UMCNSL-CoCl.6H2O.

STANDARDIZATION PROBLEMS OF MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS FROM RHODIOLA ROSEA L.

Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots are pharmacopoeial raw materials, which are used in official medicine for obtaining medicines with adaptogenic activity. One of the most common problems in the production of medicines from Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots is the use of poor quality medicinal plant materials, which leads to the absence of biologically significant compounds in the preparations. One of the possible reasons is the shortcomings in the existing approaches to the standardization of Rhodiola rosea L. raw materials and preparations.The aim of the study is the improvement of approaches to the standardization of medicinal preparations from Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots.Materials and methods. Experimental and industrial samples of liquid extract from Rhodiola rosea L. roots, as well as reference samples of rosavin and salidroside, were used as materials of the research. The HPLC analysis was carried out using a Milichrom-6 chromatograph (NPAO Nauchpribor) under the following conditions of reversed-phase chromatography in an isocratic mode: a steel column KAKH-6-80-4 (2 mm x 80 mm; Separon-C18 7 μm), a mobile phase – acetonitrile: 1% solution of acetic acid in water in the ratio of 14:86, the elution rate was 100 μL/min, the eluent volume was 2000 μL. The constituents were detected at the wavelength of 252 nm (rosavin) and 278 nm (salidroside).Results. An assay of rosavin and salidroside in the liquid extract of Rhodiola rosea L. was developed using the HPLC method. It was determined that the content of rosavin in the samples of the liquid extracts obtained from Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots of the pharmacopoeial quality, varied from 0.21%±0.03% to 0.32%±0.04%, salidroside – from 1.13% ±0.05% to 2.71%±0.12%, respectively. The results of statistical processing indicate that the relative error of the average result for the determination of rosavin and salidroside in the preparations of Rhodiola rosea L. with a confidence level of 95% does not exceed ±6.0%.Conclusion. Thus, methodological approaches to the analysis of medicinal preparations from Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots have been substantiated. These methodological approaches consist of the quantitative determination of the dominant and diagnostically significant biologically active compounds – rosavin and salidroside.

BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS OF CHOOSING THE BASIS OF PENCILS OF MEDICINAL WOUND-HEALING ACTION

Damage to the skin is quite common in everyday life of a person and represents a loss of the integrity of the protective barrier of the skin, which can create conditions for the development of a local inflammatory process, as well as for the penetration of pathogens of various diseases into the human body. In order to more quickly restore the damaged area of the skin, it is important to accelerate wound healing through the use of combined drugs, including antiseptics and biologically active substances of natural origin, stimulating the natural local regenerative process. One of such rational combinations is the combination of chlorhexidine bigluconate and Japanese Sophora fruit liquid extract in the composition of the wound-healing preparation. Medicinal sticks are presented as the most rational dosage form for a wound-healing drug of the specified composition. The application of this dosage form to the treated surface leads to the formation of a thin, firmly adhering film, which evenly releases the active substances and protects the wound from external influences. The indicated positive properties of medicinal pencils are achieved due to the selection of a rational component composition of excipients with a set of necessary characteristics, among which the most significant is the ability to provide optimal release of active substances. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to conduct comparative biopharmaceutical studies to optimize the component composition of medicinal pencils with wound healing action containing chlorhexidine bigluconate and liquid extract of sophora fruit. The objects of research were Japanese Sophora fruits harvested in 2020 in the Krasnodar Territory that meet the requirements of regulatory documents; substance-solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate 20%; auxiliary substances of lipophilic and hydrophilic nature: solid paraffin, beeswax, cocoa butter, anhydrous lanolin, polyethylene oxide-400, polyethylene oxide-1500. To assess the degree of release of active substances from experimental compositions, the method of diffusion into agar was used, based on the diffusion of active substances from the dosage form into an agar gel containing a solution of ferric chloride as an indicator. It was found that the most suitable combination of auxiliary components of the dosage form, providing the best release of active substances, is a combination including solid paraffin (20 parts), beeswax (20 parts), anhydrous lanolin (20 parts), polyethylene oxide-1500 (10 parts), polyethylene oxide-400 (20 parts).

A review on stability improvement of sugarcane juice by using natural preservatives

Sugarcane juice is liquid extract as a drinking beverage in India, possesses therapeutic value. Stability or shelf life is very less due to spoilage or degradation of sugarcane juice because of presence of simple sugar in sugarcane juice. Microorganisms like bacteria prone to degradation of sugarcane juice. Which convert sucrose into dextran as deteriorating agent. Shelf life or stability can be improved by using natural preservatives also chemical preservatives; having a therapeutic value. In this article improvement of stability of sugarcane juice by using natural preservatives such as lemon extract, ginger extract, also may be moringa extract over the chemical preservatives. Citric acid in lemon extract acts as antimicrobial agent while ascorbic acid in ginger extract both improves stability of sugarcane juice. Stabilization of sugarcane juice improved by using naturally obtained preservatives up to several days with good quality.