The effect of honeycomb selection for grain yield on a maize population

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sotiriou ◽  
M. Koutsika-Sotiriou ◽  
E. Gouli-Vavdinoudi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Honeycomb Selection ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Deleterious Genes ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

SUMMARYStarting with the F2 generation of a single-cross hybrid, a maize population was improved from cycle 0 (= F2) to cycle 4 by mass honeycomb selection and from cycle 5 to cycle 8 by pedigree honeycomb selection. Seven half-sib families were derived from cycle 8. The grain yield of these, their corresponding S1 lines, testcrosses with B73 and diallel crosses were studied. The results showed (i) that the seven half-sib families contained half the percentage of the load of deleterious genes present in the F2 generation, (ii) that four of them outyielded their corresponding single-cross hybrids, (iii) that they could constitute an open-pollinated variety, which could be used as a source population and (iv) that they revealed different patterns for general and specific combining ability. Honeycomb selection for grain yield was successful in favouring the existing additive genetic variation in the derived families.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Half Sib Recurrent Families for Expected Response and Percent Gain Per Cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Amir Sohail ◽  
Muhammad Asad ◽  
Abdullah Aziz ◽  
Quaid Hussain ◽  
Abdul Haleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Selection Differential ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Differential Heritability ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Sib Families

Recurrent Selection (RS) or reselection generation after generation is a vital selection scheme for improving the physio-morphic traits and grain yield in maize populations. The objective of the present research was to determine the response of recurrent selection in CIMMYT maize population CZP-132011 for physio-morphic traits and to estimate selection differential, heritability, expected response and percent gain cycle-1 among the half sib recurrent families for morphological traits and grain yield.  Sixty four half sib recurrent families were evaluated in 8×8 lattice square design with two replications at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak during 2017. Results showed highly significant differences among the half sib families for all the studied traits. Selection differential values were negative for days to tasseling (-3.00), anthesis (-3.08), silking (-3.10), anthesis silking interval (-1.14), plant height (-5.07) and ear height (-7.73). High heritability values (h2 ˃ 0.60) were recorded for all traits except plant height (0.55) which exhibited moderate heritability. Based on broad sense heritability and selection differential, expected response were observed negative for days to tasseling (-2.39), anthesis (-2.56), silking (-2.64), anthesis silking interval (-0.79), plant height (-2.81) and ear height (-5.22). After one cycle of recurrent selection using half sib families, the gain cycle-1 values were negative for (-0.39), anthesis (-0.47), silking (-1.44), anthesis silking interval (-3.17), plant height (-2.34) and ear height (-4.90). Based on the findings of current research it could be concluded that recurrent selection method was found effective in improving the CIMMYT maize source population CZP-132011 for physio-morphic traits.

scholarly journals Stability Assessment of Single-Cross Maize Hybrids Using GGE-Biplot Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
L. Musundire ◽  
J. Derera ◽  
S. Dari ◽  
A. Lagat ◽  
P. Tongoona
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
South African ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Ideal Genotype ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Grain yield potential of new maize hybrid varieties across target environments contributes to the uptake of these varieties by farmers. Evaluation of single-cross hybrids developed from test crossing introgressed inbred lines bred for three distinct environments to elite tropical inbred line testers was carried out. The study’s objective was to assess grain yield stability and genotype adaptability of the single-cross hybrids across South African environments relative to adapted commercial hybrid checks. One hundred and twenty-two introgressed inbred lines developed using the pedigree breeding program were crossed to four tropical elite inbred line testers using line × tester mating design to obtain 488 experimental single cross hybrids. Subject to availability of adequate seed for evaluation, a panel of 444 experimental single-cross hybrids was evaluated using an augmented design in two experiments defined as Population A and B for the study’s convenience in South African environments. Data for grain yield (t/ha) performance for experimental single-cross hybrids and commercial check hybrids in Population A and B across environments and individual environments identified experimental single-cross hybrids that had significant comparable grain yield (t/ha) performance relative to best commercial check hybrid (PAN6Q445B) on the market. The selected experimental single-cross hybrids 225, 89, 246 and 43 (Population A) and 112 (Population B) also had a better average rank position for grain yield (t/ha) relative to best commercial check hybrid. These selected experimental single-cross hybrids had a grain yield (t/ha) advantage range of 0.9-6.7% for Population A and 7.3% for Population A and B, respectively, relative to the adapted commercial check hybrid. GGE biplot patterns for which won-where for Population A indicated that at Potchefstroom Research Station and Ukulinga Research Station experimental single-cross hybrids 127 and135 were the vertex (winning) hybrids. Cedera Research Station did not have a vertex hybrid for Population A. For Population B, experimental single-cross hybrids 112, 117 and 18 were the vertex hybrids at Cedera Research Station, Ukulinga Research Station and Potchefstroom Research Station, respectively. Experimental single-cross hybrid 257 was identified as ideal genotype for Population A, while experimental single-cross hybrid 121 in Population B was the ideal genotype. Ideal environments were also identified as Ukulinga Research Station for Population A, and Cedera Research Station for Population B. Average-environment coordination (AEC) view of the GGE biplot in Population A indicated that experimental single-cross hybrids 1 was highly stable across environments. In comparison, Population B experimental single-cross hybrid 161 was highly stable across environments. In conclusion, selected single-cross hybrids in the current study can also be advanced for further evaluation with a possibility for identifying high yielding and stable single-cross hybrids for variety registration and release in target environments in South Africa.

EPISTASIS IN GRAIN SORGHUM, SORGHUM BICOLOR

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870
Author(s):  
G. H. Liang ◽  
A. D. Dayton ◽  
T. L. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Bloom Date ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Epistasis, or interaction between nonallelic genes in grain sorghum (S. bicolor (L.) Moench), was estimated by comparing means of 20 balanced sets of single- and 3-way crosses. Each balanced set consisted of three single crosses and three 3-way crosses derived from three of the six parental varieties used. Results indicated that epistasis was present in nine sets for grain yield, in 13 sets for half-bloom date, and in 11 sets for plant height and for kernel weight. Epistasis seemingly fluctuates over years and locations. On the average, 3-way hybrids yielded less grain, flowered later, and were taller than the single-cross hybrids.

GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN A SYNTHETIC MAIZE POPULATION AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN SELECTION

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. VASIC ◽  
M. IVANOVIC ◽  
L. A. PETERNELLI ◽  
D. JOCKOVIC ◽  
M. STOJAKOVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Simple Selection

The synthetic maize population 316PO2 was subjected to genetic correlation analyses between grain yield, yield components and morphological traits. The purpose was to enable estimates to be made of the advantage of using selection indices compared with selection based on grain yield only, and if that advantage was present, to choose enough simple selection indices for practical use. Selection indices were constructed out of four traits highly significantly correlated with grain yield, in addition to yield itself. Grain yield exhibited a highly significant additive genetic correlation with ear diameter (ra=0.588**), kernels row-1 (ra=0.643**), ears plant-1 (ra=0.871**) and ear height (ra=0.427**). The most efficient index was Index No. 14 (R.E.I12345= 108.83%), which included all four traits and grain yield. Index No. 3, one of the simplest forms of index, including only ears plant-1 and grain yield, showed slightly less relative efficiency (R.E.I35=107.24%) than Index No. 14. Using this simple form of index with two characters (Index No. 3) could improve the efficiency of selection for grain yield. The estimated advantage from its use is 179.6 kg/selection cycle for grain yield over selection based only on grain yield.

scholarly journals HERITABILITY AND HETEROSIS OF GRAIN YIELD ON DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE (DMR) AND QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) INBREDS AND THEIR SINGLE CROSS HYBRIDS

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ruswandi ◽  
N. Wicaksana ◽  
M. Rachmadi ◽  
A. Ismail ◽  
D. Arief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Improvement of high yield maize cultivars possessing high quality of seed as showed by high lysine and tryptophan content must be fulfilled with resistance against downy mildew pathogen in any maize breeding program. A set of experiment to study genetic variability and to estimate both heritability and heterosis of important characters of grain yield on DMR and QPM lines has been conducted. Four downy mildew resistance (DMR) lines, i.e. Nei 9008, P 345, Ki 3, and MR 10; three quality protein maize (QPM) lines, including CML 161, CML 163, and CML 172; and their single cross hybrids formed based on line × tester mating design were used in the experiment. The following characters: height of the first ear, seeds number per row, seed weight per ear, and grain yield per plot showed broad genetic variability. Narrow sense heritability (hns) of grain yield and its components ranged from 0.01 to 0.71. Broad sense heritability (hbs), on the other hand, ranged from 0.20 to 0.74. It was found that hybrid derived from crossing between parental inbred lines possessing broad genetic background would express high heterosis.

scholarly journals Flowering, reproductive behaviors and their effects on grain yields of newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize (Zea mays L.) in winter in subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Apical Node ◽  
Male Organ ◽  
Kernel Set ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Introduction: All the plants of a maize population or hybrid PP (plant population) do not dehisce anthers and do not emerge silk simultaneously. Generally, male flowering or anther dehiscence (anthesis) is leading and female flowering (silk emergence or silking) is lagging under both conducive and stressful environment. Enough and timely pollen availability is indispensible when silks come out of maize ears for largest number of kernel set. So, study of flowering and reproductive behavior of newly bred maize hybrids are indispensible to confirm high grain yielding hybrid with trait of simultaneous anthesis and silking (synchrony). Materials and methods: Flowering and reproductive behaviors of fifteen newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize have been examined in winter growing them in an RCBD trial planting their seeds on October 3, 2012 in subtropical foot plain of Himalaya. For flowering (FB); emergence of male organ (emergence of tassel or tasseling or TSS) from apical node of the stem, anthesis, silking, browning of silk or withering of silk (silk senescence or S SEN), tassel-anthesis interval (TAI), anthesis-silking interval (ASI), silking-silk senescence interval (S INI-S SEN Interval) of the hybrids have been examined dissecting the plant population (PP) into four equal parts (percent) as the first earliest, second earliest, third earliest and terminal 25% of the PP denominated as 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively of the each of the fifteen hybrids. So, whether third earliest 25% and terminal 25% silk emerging PP denominated as SILK 75 and SILK 100% respectively will get enough pollen from the PP of the same hybrid can be determined through ASI 75 and ASI 100 of the hybrid PP. Results and discussion: A polynomial grain yield estimating regression equation (t ha-1) Y = - 11922 + 507.3*(TSS25) - 7.183*(TSS25)2 + 0.03387*(TSS25)3 with r2 value 66% has been discovered from days taken for TSS25 (TSS of earliest 25% PP). Similarly, high r2 bearing polynomial equations were from days for anthesis and silking of the PPs of the fifteen hybrids. Equations with the lowest r2 were for the days required for the silk senescence (S SEN). Reason of low r2 is that the observation of silk browning or withering could not be precise for naked eye since the silks looked fresh longer in high humidity, low temperature and cloudy day in the winter although it lost receptivity earlier. In addition, Interval duration from S INI to S SEN cannot be the duration of silk receptivity in the winter of subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain. For reproductive behavior; number of functional egg cells that became successful zygotes to pull assimilates for complete kernel development can reflect aroma about reproductive strength (RS) of the hybrid. Accordingly, hybrids 8 and 5 have been found of the highest RS.

scholarly journals Flowering, reproductive behaviors and their effects on grain yields of newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize (Zea mays L.) in winter in subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Kernel Set ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Introduction: All the plants of a maize population or hybrid PP (plant population) do not dehisce anthers and do not emerge silk simultaneously. Generally, male flowering or anther dehiscence (anthesis) is leading and female flowering (silk emergence or silking) is lagging under both optimum and stressful environment. Enough and timely pollen availability is indispensable when silks come out of maize ears for largest number of kernel set. So; study of flowering and reproductive behavior of newly bred maize hybrids are indispensable to confirm high grain yielding hybrid with traits of synchrony in anthesis and silking, coming out of all silks and enough pollen availability in short duration. Materials and methods: Flowering and reproductive behaviors of fifteen newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize have been examined growing them in an RCBD trial planting their seeds on October 3, 2012 to expose flowering to the natural winter in subtropical foot plain of Himalaya. For flowering behavior; emergence of tassel, anthesis, silking, silk senescence, tassel-anthesis interval, anthesis-silking interval, silking-silk senescence interval of the hybrids have been examined dissecting the PP into four equal parts (percent) as the first earliest, second earliest, third earliest and terminal 25% of the hybrid PP denominated as 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively of the each of the fifteen hybrids. So, whether third earliest 25% and terminal 25% silk emerging PP of each of the hybrids (SILK75 and SILK100%) respectively received enough pollen from the PP of the same hybrid can be determined through ASI 75 and ASI 100 of the hybrid PP. Results and discussion: Among some polynomial regression equations (PREs) discovered based on floral traits, a grain yield estimating PRE (t ha-1) Y = - 11922 + 507.3*(TSS25)1 - 7.183*(TSS25)2 + 0.03387*(TSS25)3 with r2 value 66% has been discovered from days taken for TSS25. Similarly, high r2 bearing PREs were from days for anthesis and silking. PREs with the lowest r2 were for the days required for the silk senescence (S SEN). Reasons of the low r2 are: the observation of silk browning or withering could not be precise for naked eye since the silks looked fresh longer in high humidity, well-irrigated state, low temperature, low sun-shine and foggy or cloudy day although the silks lost receptivity earlier in the winter. In addition, interval duration from SILK INI to S SEN cannot be the duration of silk receptivity in the winter of subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain. For reproductive behavior; number of functional egg cells that became successful zygotes to pull assimilates for complete kernel development can reflect aroma about reproductive strength (RS) of the hybrid. Accordingly, hybrids 8 and 5 have been found of the highest RS.

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