scholarly journals Flowering, reproductive behaviors and their effects on grain yields of newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize (Zea mays L.) in winter in subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Kernel Set ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Introduction: All the plants of a maize population or hybrid PP (plant population) do not dehisce anthers and do not emerge silk simultaneously. Generally, male flowering or anther dehiscence (anthesis) is leading and female flowering (silk emergence or silking) is lagging under both optimum and stressful environment. Enough and timely pollen availability is indispensable when silks come out of maize ears for largest number of kernel set. So; study of flowering and reproductive behavior of newly bred maize hybrids are indispensable to confirm high grain yielding hybrid with traits of synchrony in anthesis and silking, coming out of all silks and enough pollen availability in short duration. Materials and methods: Flowering and reproductive behaviors of fifteen newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize have been examined growing them in an RCBD trial planting their seeds on October 3, 2012 to expose flowering to the natural winter in subtropical foot plain of Himalaya. For flowering behavior; emergence of tassel, anthesis, silking, silk senescence, tassel-anthesis interval, anthesis-silking interval, silking-silk senescence interval of the hybrids have been examined dissecting the PP into four equal parts (percent) as the first earliest, second earliest, third earliest and terminal 25% of the hybrid PP denominated as 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively of the each of the fifteen hybrids. So, whether third earliest 25% and terminal 25% silk emerging PP of each of the hybrids (SILK75 and SILK100%) respectively received enough pollen from the PP of the same hybrid can be determined through ASI 75 and ASI 100 of the hybrid PP. Results and discussion: Among some polynomial regression equations (PREs) discovered based on floral traits, a grain yield estimating PRE (t ha-1) Y = - 11922 + 507.3*(TSS25)1 - 7.183*(TSS25)2 + 0.03387*(TSS25)3 with r2 value 66% has been discovered from days taken for TSS25. Similarly, high r2 bearing PREs were from days for anthesis and silking. PREs with the lowest r2 were for the days required for the silk senescence (S SEN). Reasons of the low r2 are: the observation of silk browning or withering could not be precise for naked eye since the silks looked fresh longer in high humidity, well-irrigated state, low temperature, low sun-shine and foggy or cloudy day although the silks lost receptivity earlier in the winter. In addition, interval duration from SILK INI to S SEN cannot be the duration of silk receptivity in the winter of subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain. For reproductive behavior; number of functional egg cells that became successful zygotes to pull assimilates for complete kernel development can reflect aroma about reproductive strength (RS) of the hybrid. Accordingly, hybrids 8 and 5 have been found of the highest RS.

scholarly journals Flowering, reproductive behaviors and their effects on grain yields of newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize (Zea mays L.) in winter in subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Kernel Set ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Introduction: All the plants of a maize population or hybrid PP (plant population) do not dehisce anthers and do not emerge silk simultaneously. Generally, male flowering or anther dehiscence (anthesis) is leading and female flowering (silk emergence or silking) is lagging under both optimum and stressful environment. Enough and timely pollen availability is indispensable when silks come out of maize ears for largest number of kernel set. So; study of flowering and reproductive behavior of newly bred maize hybrids are indispensable to confirm high grain yielding hybrid with traits of synchrony in anthesis and silking, coming out of all silks and enough pollen availability in short duration. Materials and methods: Flowering and reproductive behaviors of fifteen newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize have been examined growing them in an RCBD trial planting their seeds on October 3, 2012 to expose flowering to the natural winter in subtropical foot plain of Himalaya. For flowering behavior; emergence of tassel, anthesis, silking, silk senescence, tassel-anthesis interval, anthesis-silking interval, silking-silk senescence interval of the hybrids have been examined dissecting the PP into four equal parts (percent) as the first earliest, second earliest, third earliest and terminal 25% of the hybrid PP denominated as 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively of the each of the fifteen hybrids. So, whether third earliest 25% and terminal 25% silk emerging PP of each of the hybrids (SILK75 and SILK100%) respectively received enough pollen from the PP of the same hybrid can be determined through ASI 75 and ASI 100 of the hybrid PP. Results and discussion: Among some polynomial regression equations (PREs) discovered based on floral traits, a grain yield estimating PRE (t ha-1) Y = - 11922 + 507.3*(TSS25)1 - 7.183*(TSS25)2 + 0.03387*(TSS25)3 with r2 value 66% has been discovered from days taken for TSS25. Similarly, high r2 bearing PREs were from days for anthesis and silking. PREs with the lowest r2 were for the days required for the silk senescence (S SEN). Reasons of the low r2 are: the observation of silk browning or withering could not be precise for naked eye since the silks looked fresh longer in high humidity, well-irrigated state, low temperature, low sun-shine and foggy or cloudy day although the silks lost receptivity earlier in the winter. In addition, interval duration from SILK INI to S SEN cannot be the duration of silk receptivity in the winter of subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain. For reproductive behavior; number of functional egg cells that became successful zygotes to pull assimilates for complete kernel development can reflect aroma about reproductive strength (RS) of the hybrid. Accordingly, hybrids 8 and 5 have been found of the highest RS.

scholarly journals Flowering, reproductive behaviors and their effects on grain yields of newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize (Zea mays L.) in winter in subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Apical Node ◽  
Male Organ ◽  
Kernel Set ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Introduction: All the plants of a maize population or hybrid PP (plant population) do not dehisce anthers and do not emerge silk simultaneously. Generally, male flowering or anther dehiscence (anthesis) is leading and female flowering (silk emergence or silking) is lagging under both conducive and stressful environment. Enough and timely pollen availability is indispensible when silks come out of maize ears for largest number of kernel set. So, study of flowering and reproductive behavior of newly bred maize hybrids are indispensible to confirm high grain yielding hybrid with trait of simultaneous anthesis and silking (synchrony). Materials and methods: Flowering and reproductive behaviors of fifteen newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize have been examined in winter growing them in an RCBD trial planting their seeds on October 3, 2012 in subtropical foot plain of Himalaya. For flowering (FB); emergence of male organ (emergence of tassel or tasseling or TSS) from apical node of the stem, anthesis, silking, browning of silk or withering of silk (silk senescence or S SEN), tassel-anthesis interval (TAI), anthesis-silking interval (ASI), silking-silk senescence interval (S INI-S SEN Interval) of the hybrids have been examined dissecting the plant population (PP) into four equal parts (percent) as the first earliest, second earliest, third earliest and terminal 25% of the PP denominated as 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively of the each of the fifteen hybrids. So, whether third earliest 25% and terminal 25% silk emerging PP denominated as SILK 75 and SILK 100% respectively will get enough pollen from the PP of the same hybrid can be determined through ASI 75 and ASI 100 of the hybrid PP. Results and discussion: A polynomial grain yield estimating regression equation (t ha-1) Y = - 11922 + 507.3*(TSS25) - 7.183*(TSS25)2 + 0.03387*(TSS25)3 with r2 value 66% has been discovered from days taken for TSS25 (TSS of earliest 25% PP). Similarly, high r2 bearing polynomial equations were from days for anthesis and silking of the PPs of the fifteen hybrids. Equations with the lowest r2 were for the days required for the silk senescence (S SEN). Reason of low r2 is that the observation of silk browning or withering could not be precise for naked eye since the silks looked fresh longer in high humidity, low temperature and cloudy day in the winter although it lost receptivity earlier. In addition, Interval duration from S INI to S SEN cannot be the duration of silk receptivity in the winter of subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain. For reproductive behavior; number of functional egg cells that became successful zygotes to pull assimilates for complete kernel development can reflect aroma about reproductive strength (RS) of the hybrid. Accordingly, hybrids 8 and 5 have been found of the highest RS.

scholarly journals Flowering, reproductive behaviors and their effects on grain yields of newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize (Zea mays L.) in winter in subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Apical Node ◽  
Male Organ ◽  
Kernel Set ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Introduction: All the plants of a maize population or hybrid PP (plant population) do not dehisce anthers and do not emerge silk simultaneously. Generally, male flowering or anther dehiscence (anthesis) is leading and female flowering (silk emergence or silking) is lagging under both conducive and stressful environment. Enough and timely pollen availability is indispensible when silks come out of maize ears for largest number of kernel set. So, study of flowering and reproductive behavior of newly bred maize hybrids are indispensible to confirm high grain yielding hybrid with trait of simultaneous anthesis and silking (synchrony). Materials and methods: Flowering and reproductive behaviors of fifteen newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize have been examined in winter growing them in an RCBD trial planting their seeds on October 3, 2012 in subtropical foot plain of Himalaya. For flowering (FB); emergence of male organ (emergence of tassel or tasseling or TSS) from apical node of the stem, anthesis, silking, browning of silk or withering of silk (silk senescence or S SEN), tassel-anthesis interval (TAI), anthesis-silking interval (ASI), silking-silk senescence interval (S INI-S SEN Interval) of the hybrids have been examined dissecting the plant population (PP) into four equal parts (percent) as the first earliest, second earliest, third earliest and terminal 25% of the PP denominated as 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively of the each of the fifteen hybrids. So, whether third earliest 25% and terminal 25% silk emerging PP denominated as SILK 75 and SILK 100% respectively will get enough pollen from the PP of the same hybrid can be determined through ASI 75 and ASI 100 of the hybrid PP. Results and discussion: A polynomial grain yield estimating regression equation (t ha-1) Y = - 11922 + 507.3*(TSS25) - 7.183*(TSS25)2 + 0.03387*(TSS25)3 with r2 value 66% has been discovered from days taken for TSS25 (TSS of earliest 25% PP). Similarly, high r2 bearing polynomial equations were from days for anthesis and silking of the PPs of the fifteen hybrids. Equations with the lowest r2 were for the days required for the silk senescence (S SEN). Reason of low r2 is that the observation of silk browning or withering could not be precise for naked eye since the silks looked fresh longer in high humidity, low temperature and cloudy day in the winter although it lost receptivity earlier. In addition, Interval duration from S INI to S SEN cannot be the duration of silk receptivity in the winter of subtropical Nepalese Himalayan foot plain. For reproductive behavior; number of functional egg cells that became successful zygotes to pull assimilates for complete kernel development can reflect aroma about reproductive strength (RS) of the hybrid. Accordingly, hybrids 8 and 5 have been found of the highest RS.

The effect of honeycomb selection for grain yield on a maize population

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sotiriou ◽  
M. Koutsika-Sotiriou ◽  
E. Gouli-Vavdinoudi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Honeycomb Selection ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Deleterious Genes ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

SUMMARYStarting with the F2 generation of a single-cross hybrid, a maize population was improved from cycle 0 (= F2) to cycle 4 by mass honeycomb selection and from cycle 5 to cycle 8 by pedigree honeycomb selection. Seven half-sib families were derived from cycle 8. The grain yield of these, their corresponding S1 lines, testcrosses with B73 and diallel crosses were studied. The results showed (i) that the seven half-sib families contained half the percentage of the load of deleterious genes present in the F2 generation, (ii) that four of them outyielded their corresponding single-cross hybrids, (iii) that they could constitute an open-pollinated variety, which could be used as a source population and (iv) that they revealed different patterns for general and specific combining ability. Honeycomb selection for grain yield was successful in favouring the existing additive genetic variation in the derived families.

Maize population hybrids: Successful genetic resources for breeding programs and potential alternatives to single-cross hybrids

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carena
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Conservation of maize ( Zea mays L.) genetic resources has been the emphasis of national and international institutions for the benefit of mankind. However, limited resources have been devoted to their adequate exploitation, making genetic resources less useful to the public and private scientific community. As a consequence, public maize breeders have exploited a limited number of heterotic combinations for cultivar development and basic molecular studies while genetic effects are different for different hybrids. Extensive testing of maize population hybrids is a successful approach to choose and improve germplasm sources with high mean performance, useful genetic variability, and excellent combining ability. There is a need to keep applied breeding programs strong in order to link efforts in germplasm conservation with its improvement and utilization.

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

scholarly journals Influence of frying parameters and optimization of deep fat frying conditions on the physicochemical and textural properties of chicken nuggets from FUNAAB-Alpha broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Faloye ◽  
O. P. Sobukola ◽  
T. A. Shittu ◽  
H. A. Bakare
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Deep Fat Frying ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
Frying Temperature ◽  
Frying Time ◽  
Standard Procedures

Abstract Influence of deep fat frying parameters on quality attributes of chicken nuggets from FUNAAB-Alpha broilers and optimization of the process using Box-Behnken experimental design of response surface methodology was investigated. Fried chicken nuggets were obtained using frying temperature (155–175 °C), frying time (3–7 min) and sample thickness (0.5–2.5 cm) as independent variables. Oil and moisture contents, texture (hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and springiness) and colour (L*, a* and b*) of samples were analyzed using standard procedures. Significance of each term in polynomial regression equations was evaluated on quality attributes. The accuracy of the regression models varied between 0.727 and 0.939. The effect of frying temperature on quality attributes of fried chicken nuggets was more significant (p > 0.05). The optimum frying temperature, frying time and sample thickness are determined as 175 °C, 3 min, 2.32 cm, respectively. Absolute percent error between optimized and experimental data were within the acceptable limit. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals The Use of the Dynamics of Changes in Table Eggs during Storage to Predict the Age of Eggs Based on Selected Quality Traits

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3192
Author(s):  
Kamil Drabik ◽  
Tomasz Próchniak ◽  
Kornel Kasperek ◽  
Justyna Batkowska
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Daily Changes

The aim of the study was to determine daily changes in some egg quality parameters, indirectly reflecting egg freshness, and to assess the possibility of predicting time from laying using mathematical methods. The study material consisted of 365 table eggs of medium (M, ≥53 g and <63 g) and large (L, ≥63 g and <73 g) weight classes (commercial stock, cage system, brown-shelled eggs) collected on the same day. Eggs were numbered individually and placed on transport trays and stored (14 °C, 70% RH). Every day, for 35 days, egg quality characteristics were analyzed (10 eggs per group). The change of traits in time was analyzed on the basis of linear and polynomial regression equations, depending on the trait. Based on model fitting, eight traits were selected as those most affected by storage time: egg weight and specific weight, Haugh units, albumen weight, air cell depth, yolk index, albumen and yolk pH. These traits, excluding those related to the weight, were then used in a multiple linear regression model to predict egg age. All regression models presented in this study were characterized by high predictive efficiency, which was confirmed by comparison of the observed and estimated values.

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