Presence of water-soluble materials on cotton terminals as related to bollwoxm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
H. L. Bhardwaj ◽  
J. B. Weaver ◽  
R. F. Severson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Plant Parts

Bollworms (Heliothis zea Boddie and H. virescens F.) are serious cotton pests. During 1980, the cotton crop in U.S.A. suffered an 8·73% loss due to insect pests; 3·07% of this loss was due to the damage caused by bollworms. This 8·73% loss in cotton production occurred despite control measures adopted by cotton growers at an average cost of $36.27 per acre (Anon. 1981). Four plant characteristics impart varying degrees of host-plant resistance against bollworms in cotton (Maxwell, 1977). The bollworm moths exhibit an oviposition nonpreference towards glabrous and nectarless cottons. Presence of high gossypol and ‘X-factors’ in plant parts detrimentally affects the growth and survival of bollworm larvae. The ‘X-factors’ are unknown chemical substances that impart host-plant resistance against bollworms in cotton. This resistance was shown to be heritable by Lukefahr et al. (1974).

Growth Inhibitors in Host Plant Resistance to Insects: Examples from a wild tomato with Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Farrar ◽  
George G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Plant Resistance To Insects

Non-lethal, growth inhibiting allelochemicals have potential roles in host plant resistance to insects because they can extend the time the insects are exposed to other mortality factors. Four chemical constituents of the wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, PI 134417 were evaluated in artificial diet as growth inhibitors to Heliothis zea (Boddie): alpha-tomatine, chlorogenic acid, beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene. All caused small increases in developmental time, and, except for chlorogenic acid, small decreases in pupal weight. These changes may be too small to be of biological significance in host plant resistance. Our results suggest that the usual method of evaluating growth inhibitors, which is to weigh the insects after a fixed feeding period, is inadequate to assess the biological significance of any observed growth inhibitory effects. Because differences in weight after fixed feeding periods do not always translate into equivalent changes in developmental time or final weight, measurement of actual developmental time may be more appropriate.

scholarly journals TOTAL CELL WALL AND FIBER CONCENTRATIONS OF PERENNIAL GLANDULAR-HAIRED AND EGLANDULAR Medicago POPULATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. LENSSEN ◽  
E. L. SORENSEN ◽  
G. L. POSLER ◽  
L. H. HARBERS
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Medicago Species

Host-plant resistance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is insufficient for control of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) or the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), two of the most important insect pests of alfalfa. Some wild Medicago species, which have erect glandular hairs, possess adequate host-plant resistance for control of both pests. We established a field trial (Wymore silty clay loam) in 1985 to determine the effects of erect glandular hairs on forage quality of several perennial Medicago species. Glandular and eglandular (without erect glandular hairs) plant populations were selected from the diploids, M. prostrata Jacq. and M. glandulosa David, and the tetraploids, M. glutinosa Bieb., M. sativa × M. glutinosa, and M. sativa × M. prostrata. Eglandular M. sativa ’Riley’ and M. sativa subsp. caerulea (Less, ex Ledeb.) Schmalh. were included as controls. Foliar diseases and insects were controlled. Leaves and stems were separated for three harvests in 1985 and one in 1986. The presence of erect glandular hairs did not significantly affect concentrations of neutral or acid detergent fibers, hemicellulose, lignin, or cellulose of leaves or stems within the species or hybrids tested. Neutral and acid detergent fibers and cellulose concentrations were generally lower in stems and higher in leaves of diploids than in corresponding parts of the tetraploid alfalfa cultivar Riley.Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sp., glandular hairs, forage quality

Host plant resistance in grain crops and prospects for invertebrate pest management in Australia: an overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gu ◽  
O. R. Edwards ◽  
A. T. Hardy ◽  
G. P. Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Invertebrate Pests

An integrated pest management (IPM) approach that relies on an array of tactics is adopted commonly in response to problems with pesticide-based production in many agricultural systems. Host plant resistance is often used as a fundamental component of an IPM system because of the generally compatible, complementary role that pest-resistant crops play with other tactics. Recent research and development in the resistance of legumes and cereals to aphids, sorghum midge resistance, and the resistance of canola varieties to mite and insect pests have shown the prospects of host plant resistance for developing IPM strategies against invertebrate pests in Australian grain crops. Furthermore, continuing advances in biotechnology provide the opportunity of using transgenic plants to enhance host plant resistance in grains.

scholarly journals Sweetpotato Volatile Chemistry in Relation to Sweetpotato Weevil (Cylas formicarius) Behavior

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Stanley J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Sweetpotato Weevil ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Cylas Formicarius

The sweetpotato weevil (SPW) [Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)] is the single most devastating pest of the sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] worldwide. Attempts to develop host-plant resistance have been only moderately successful due in part to deficiencies in parent and progeny selection methods. Host-plant phytochemicals play critical roles in insect behavior, modulating a cross-section of key behavioral decisions. Thus, identification of the phytochemicals the female weevil uses in decision making could greatly facilitate development of host-plant resistance. The volatile chemistry of the sweetpotato was studied in relation to the host-finding behavior of the female weevil. Critical biologically active volatiles were determined via isolation (Tenax trapping), fractionation (gas chromatography-thermal conductivity detector), identification (gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy), and bioassay (olfactometry). Differences in volatile chemistry among sweetpotato clones that may relate to differences in resistance or susceptibility to the female SPW were assessed. Volatile extracts from storage roots (site of oviposition) and aerial plant parts were attractive to female SPW, the former being substantially greater. In total, 33 compounds were identified from storage roots and aerial plant parts, including 23 terpenes. Three oxygenated monoterpenes (nerol, Z-citral, and methyl geranate), found in storage roots but not aerial plant parts, were identified as attractants. The sesquiterpene volatile fraction was repellent to female SPW with α-gurjunene, α-humulene, and ylangene active in the concentration range emanating from storage roots. The aerial plant parts emanated a higher composite concentration of sesquiterpenes than storage roots. Differences in the relative attraction among four sweetpotato cultivars to female SPW was inversely correlated with the composite concentration of headspace sesquiterpenes. Selection of clones with decreased volatile attractants and/or increased deterrents using an analytical means of quantification may significantly facilitate developing resistance to the SPW.

scholarly journals IMPROVED HOST PLANT RESISTANCE BY MODIFICATION OF PLANT CHEMICAL CUES ASSOCIATED WITH HELIOTHIS ZEA HOST PLANT SELECTION FOR OVIPOSITION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178a-1178
Author(s):  
John A. Juvik
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Oviposition Stimulant ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Crop Species

Heliothis zea (Boddle) is one of agriculture's worst insect pests. Reduction in crop productivity and costs for insecticidal control of this cosmopolitan pest cost U.S. agriculture many millions of dollars annually. The sesquiterpenes (+)-E-å-santalen-12-oic and (+)-E- endo- β–bergamoten-12-oic acids isolated from hexane leaf extracts of the wild tomato species, Lycopersicon hirsutum, have been shown to attract and stimulate oviposition by female H. zea. Extracts from other host plants (tobacco, corn, and cotton) also possess attractant/oviposition stimulant activity to female H. zea. Studies are underway to assess the potential use of these and other phytochemicals for the control or monitoring of population levels of H. zea in tomato, corn and cotton fields.The isolation and structural identification of insect pest oviposition stimulants in horticultural crop species can provide valuable information to plant breeders involved in developing cultivars with improved insect host plant resistance. This information could be used to develop cultivars lacking the chemical cues used by insects for host plant location and recognition. Risks of public exposure to toxic insecticides through consumption of agricultural produce and polluted ground water emphasize the critical need for the development of crop genotypes with improved best plant resistance as a supplementary method of insect pest management in agricultural ecosystems.

Host plant resistance to insect pests of grain legumes -A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Soundararajan ◽  
N. Chitra ◽  
S. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Grain Legumes
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