Biomass, shoot uniformity and yield of winter barley

The results of field experiments in 1983/84 and 1984/85 were used to test the hypotheses (i) that cultivars and management systems which result in high biomass of winter barley will also produce high grain yield and (ii) that greater uniformity of tiller and ear size is associated with greater yield. In a set of cultivars, grain yield per plant was significantly correlated with biomass per plant despite no correlation with any individual yield component. Biomass per shoot was significantly correlated with grain yield per shoot. Treatments to increase shoot uniformity (the mass of individual tillers relative to that of the main stem) generally increased biomass per shoot and grain yield per shoot. The re-examination of data in the literature where yield and biomass were available confirmed the association of biomass and grain yield both on a per plant and per shoot basis. It is argued that harvest index is not a character which can be easily targeted for manipulation by growers, whereas crop management systems to increase biomass should be easier to specify.

Download Full-text

Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.2478/v10129-011-0024-z ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 3-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Czaban ◽

B. Wróblewska ◽

A. Sułek ◽

G. Podolska

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Production Technology ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Infection Level ◽

Crop Management Systems ◽

Rainfall Level

Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two cropping systems (intensive and integrated) on infection level of winter and spring wheat kernels by Fusarium species. Field experiments were conducted with winter wheat ‘Tonacja’ and spring wheat ‘Bombona’ during two consecutive growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009 - winter wheat, and 2008 and 2009 - spring wheat). A rainfall level in 2009 from the last decade of May to the first decade of July was 2.5-times higher than that in 2008. After the harvest, kernels were surface disinfected with 1.5% NaOCl solution for 2 min and then analysed for the infection level by different species of Fusarium. Fusaria were isolated on CZID medium and identified on the basis of macro - and micro-morphology on three media (PDA, SNA and a medium containing tannin). Our results demonstrate that the wheat grain infection by Fusarium depended mainly on a rainfall level. The intensive cropping system was more conducive to the grain infection by fusaria in comparison to the integrated one. The most frequent species were F. avenaceum in 2008, and F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. poae in 2009.

Download Full-text

Crop management systems and maize grain yield under narrow row spacing

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162008000400004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 346-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mércio Luiz Strieder ◽

Paulo Regis Ferreira da Silva ◽

Lisandro Rambo ◽

Luís Sangoi ◽

Adriano Alves da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Management System ◽

Plant Density ◽

Crop Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Crop Management Systems ◽

Narrow Row

Reduction in row spacing provides a more uniform distribution among plants that can increase grain yield. The benefits of narrow row spacing can depend on the plant architecture and on the kind of crop management system. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of narrow row spacing on the grain yield of maize hybrids growing under different management systems. Six experiments were carried out in Eldorado do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the 2003/04 and 2004/05 growing seasons. Each experiment corresponded to a crop management system. Treatments consisted of two row spacings (0.8 and 0.4 m), two hybrids (Penta and Flash) and two plant densities, which varied with the crop management system and growing season. Besides plant density, the crop management systems differed in the quantities of fertilizers applied at sowing, side-dress and use of irrigation. A complete randomized block design was used in each experiment, in a 2 × 2 × 2 treatment factorial scheme with four replications. The increases in grain yield with narrow row spacing were small, ranging from zero to 14%. They depended on the growing season and were manifested only with yields higher than 10 t ha-1, regardless of the hybrid. The number of grains per area was the component that best explained the response of grain to narrow row spacing, regardless of plant density, hybrid and crop management system. Narrow row spacing is a worth management strategy to enhance maize grain yield when high input cropping systems are used.

Download Full-text

Crop management systems for corn (Zea mays L.) following established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-051 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 255-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. K. S. Aflakpui ◽

T. J. Vyn ◽

G. W. Anderson ◽

D. R. Clements ◽

M. R. Hall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Management ◽

Planting Date ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Total Biomass ◽

No Till ◽

Crop Management Systems

Crop management systems utilizing no-till and legumes for soil improvement and double cropping represent promising systems for the preservation of soil, productivity and sustainability in Ontario agriculture. Field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to investigate the effect of planting date and tillage system on corn silage and grain yield for corn planted into either an established alfalfa sod or bare soil. There were no differences in grain and total biomass yields between corn planted in May under the no-till treatment and corn planted in May under the fall-plowed treatment, in both years. In 1988, delaying corn planting until after first-cut hay harvest on fall-plowed plots did not result in grain yield reduction compared with May-planted corn under the same tillage regime. Grain yield was reduced significantly in 1989 by a delay in planting. Corn silage yield was equivalent among all systems in 1989, indicating that no-till systems can be used effectively for producing alfalfa hay and silage corn. In 1988, rainfall in June was 7% of the average value, and as a result planting difficulties resulted in low silage yields, particularly in the no-till treatment. However, under conditions of adequate soil moisture, no-till corn following alfalfa should produce yields comparable to those with conventional tillage systems, while enhancing soil properties. Key words: No-till, alfalfa, silage corn, planting date

Download Full-text

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Fortification for Rice Grain Yield and Nutrients Uptake Enhancement

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 584

Author(s):

Omnia M. Elshayb ◽

Khaled Y. Farroh ◽

Heba E. Amin ◽

Ayman M. Atta

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Yield Component ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Agriculture Sector

Applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the agriculture sector are being extensively included as the materials are considered superior. In the present work, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), with a developing fertilizer, is applied in the fortification of rice grain yield and nutrient uptake enhancement. To evaluate the role of ZnO NP, two field experiments were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. ZnO NPs were small, nearly spherical, and their sizes equal to 31.4 nm, as proved via the dynamic light scattering technique. ZnO NPs were applied as a fertilizer in different concentrations, varying between 20 and 60 mg/L as a foliar spray. The mixture of ZnSO4 and ZnO NP40 ameliorated yield component and nutrients (N, K, and Zn) uptake was enhanced compared to traditional ZnSO4 treatment. Nevertheless, the uptake of the phosphorous element (P) was adversely affected by the treatment of ZnO NPs. Thus, treatment via utilizing ZnO NPs as a foliar with a very small amount (40 ppm) with of basal ZnSO4 led to a good improvement in agronomic and physiological features; eventually, higher yield and nutrient-enriched rice grain were obtained.

Download Full-text

Soil microbiological properties and its stratification ratios for soil quality assessment under different cover crop management systems in a semiarid vineyard

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science ◽

10.1002/jpln.201300371 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 177 (4) ◽

pp. 548-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Fernando Peregrina ◽

Eva Pilar Pérez-Álvarez ◽

Enrique García-Escudero

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Crop Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Soil Quality Assessment ◽

Crop Management Systems ◽

Microbiological Properties

Download Full-text

Sustaining Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Quality, and Soil Health in Organic Field Crop Management Systems

Managing Energy, Nutrients, and Pests in Organic Field Crops ◽

10.1201/b16044-13 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 129-154

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Soil Health ◽

Crop Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Field Crop ◽

Crop Management Systems

Download Full-text

STUDIES ON INCREASED PLANT POPULATION OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L) IN YOLA AND MUBI, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.931 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 14-36

Author(s):

Mamudu Njodi ◽

Mohammed D. Toungos ◽

Mu’azu Babayola ◽

Hassan Kashim

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Yield Component ◽

Plant Population ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Main Plot ◽

Number Of Leaves

Field experiment were conducted at Yola and Mubi locations to study the effects of increased plant population of five (5) varieties of maize Viz: SAMMAZ 11, SAMMAZ 14, SAMMAZ 15, SAMMAZ 16, and SAMMAZ 17 on yield and yield component during the 2011 cropping season. The experimental design was a split plot design with maize varieties as the main plot treatments, while plant population, (53,333, 63,333, 80,000 and 106,666) as the sub-plot treatments. The treatment were replicated three (3) times. Characters measured included plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of days to 50% tasseling, number of day to 50 % silking, days to 95% maturity, number of ear per plant, stem diameter, length of ear, diameter of ear, number of grains per ear, 100 grain weight, number of grains per ear. Yield per plot and total grain yield per hectare. The result of the experiments showed that there was significant difference due to varietal effect in plant height at 3 WAS in Yola and at 7 WAS and 9 WAS in Mubi. Variety also affects days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking and days to 95% maturity at both locations. Variety also affects ear length at both locations. Interaction of variety and population affected harvest index in Mubi. Population significantly affected yield per plant, yield per plot, total grain yield per hectare in both locations. Combined analysis result showed highly significant effect due to location on plant height at 3 and 5 WAS and also due to variety. Location also affected number of leaves per plant significantly at 3WAS and highly significantly at 5, 7, 9 and 11 WAS. Varieties affected number of leaves per plant at 5 and 9 WAS and was highly significant at 11 WAS. Location and varieties affected days to 50% tasseling, days to 50 % silking and days to 95% maturity, while population only affected days to 50% silking. Diameter of ear and harvest index was highly significant by location and on number of grains per row. Varieties also showed significant differences in length of ear. Location affected straw weight per plant, while varieties affected yield per plant and yield per plot, weight of 100 grain yield and total grain yield per hectare was also highly significantly affected. Population affected yield per plant, especially the ones in Yola. Straw weight, total grain yield and weight of 100 grain were significantly affected. SAMMAZ 15 which gave a plant population of 106,666 ha-1 is recommended at both locations.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Sesame Yield and Yield Component under Different NPS Fertilizer Rates in Western Tigray, Ethiopia

Asian Soil Research Journal ◽

10.9734/asrj/2019/v2i430059 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Teame Shimgabr ◽

Negasi Gebereslasie ◽

Haile Alene ◽

Welesenbet Haftu ◽

Nebyu Tsegay

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Yield Component ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Different Levels ◽

Number Of Branches

Field experiments were conducted in three sites of Western Tigray, Ethiopia. The experiments aimed at identifying optimum the rate of the newly introduced NPS fertilizer impact with different levels on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of sesame in vertisols of Western Tigray at the Humera station, Banat and Kebabo Kafta Humera and Tsegede Wereda’s. The treatments consisted of six levels of NPS 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1 and one blanket recommendation N and P was applied. The experiment was laid out in an RCBD with three replications. Yield of Sesame and yield related components showed significant difference (p < 0.001) compared to control. Results showed that number of branches plant-1, length of pod bearing zone (cm), plant height (cm), number of capsules plant-1, seeds capsule-1 and seed yield was significant differences at (P< 0.001) Grain yield increases from 444.8 kg ha-1 to 671.9 kg ha-1 as NPS and 444.8 kg ha-1 to 628 kg ha-1 as NP increases from 0 (control) to 100 kg ha-1 NPS and 41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1 respectively. But NPS was not significant with blanket recommendation of N and P (41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1), therefore no need to replace the NP by NPS fertilizer in the study area.

Download Full-text